Greenhouse cultivation of fruit crops with special reference to India: An overview
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Abstract
India is facing various challenges in fruit cultivation viz., climate change, increasing pressure on natural resources, decreasing land tenure with the ever-increasing population. Besides this, the demand for quality fruit is also on the rise as people are now more aware of a nutritious and healthy diet. The quality with higher production is difficult with the traditional system of cultivation and requires a more scientific approach in cultivation. Greenhouse cultivation technology can enhance quality and quantity both. This technology is required to convert some portion of the present 6.5 million ha of the fruit-growing area to increase national productivity and product quality. The purpose of greenhouse cultivation is to grow crops by altering the micro-environment surrounding the crop so that the plant performs maximum to its genetic potential. It also increases the yield, improves the quality and stability of production and makes commodities available when there is no outdoor production. China is the world leader in greenhouse fruit production with the largest area under this technology. In India, greenhouse fruit cultivation is in its infancy as the only strawberry is commercially being grown under greenhouses. However, in fluctuating environmental conditions and losses in fruit crops due to various biotic and abiotic stresses, protecting the fruit crops for the off-season, quality and higher production will be a necessity in future. Keeping in view the low productivity of fruit crops in India and future needs of round the year quality production, an overview of work and cultivation scenario on this aspect is discussed in this paper.
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Keywords
Economic feasibility, Fruit crops, Greenhouse, Quality, Yield
References
Akinaga, T. and Hasbullah, R. (2002). Mango production using plastic greenhouse in Okinawa. Acta Horticulturae, 575: 745–749.
Allan, P. (2007). Phenology and production of Carica papaya ‘Honey Gold’ under cool subtropical conditions. Acta Horticulturae, 740: 217-224.
Arauz, L. F. (2000). Mango anthracnose: Economic impact and current options for integrated management. Plant Disease, 84: 600-611.
Beckmann, M. Z., Duarte De Paula, G. R. B., Gonzales-Mendes, V. A. and Piel, R. M. N. (2006). Solar radiation measured in protected ambient with tomato culture in summer-autumn seasons in Rio Grande do Sul State. Ciencia Rural, 36(1): 86–92.
Coban, H. (2004). The effects of plastic covering on yield and quality varieties of some table grapes in Ala?ehir (Manisa). S.U. Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 18: 101-103.
Darini, A. (2016). Investigation Banana Cultivars Yield and Quality traits under Green House Condition in Jiroft Region, Iran. Biological Forum – An International Journal, 8(1): 233-237.
Eckstein, K., Fraser, C. and Joubert, W. (1998). Greenhouse cultivation of bananas in South Africa. Acta Horticulturae, 490: 135-145.
Galan Sauco, V., Cabrera Cabrera, J., Hernandez Delgado, P. M. and Rodriguez Pastor, M. C. (1998). A comparison of protected and open-air cultivation of ‘Grande Naine’ and ‘Dwarf Cavendish’ bananas. Acta Horticulturae , 490: 247-259.
Ghosh, A. (2009). General idea of greenhouse technology. In: Greenhouse technology (The future concept of horticulture). Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi, pp 18-28.
Giaccone, M., Forlani, M. and Basile, B. (2012). Tree vigour, fruit yield and quality of nectarine trees grown under red photoselective anti-hail nets in southern Italy. Acta Horticulturae, 962: 287–293.
Gindaba, J. and Wand, S. J. E. (2007). Do fruit sunburn control measures affect leaf photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance in ‘Royal Gala’ apple. Environmental and Experimnetal Botany, 59(2): 160-165.
Gubbuk, H. and Pekmezci, M. (2004). Comparison of open-field and protected cultivation of banana (Musa spp. AAA) in the coastal area of Turkey. New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science, 32: 375-378.
Gubbuk, H., Pekmezci, M. and Erkan, M. (2004). Production potential of Cavendish cultivars (Musa spp. AAA) under greenhouse and field conditions in subtropical areas of Turkey. Soil and Plant Science, 54: 249-253.
Gunes, E. and Gubbuk, H. (2011). Growth, yield and fruit quality of three papaya cultivars grown under protected cultivation. Fruits, 67(1): 23-29.
Higuchi, H., Yonemoto, J. Y., Utsunomiya, N. and Sakuatani, T. (2001). Shading responses of cherimoya leaf chlorophyll content, leaf morphology, shoot growth, leaf gas exchange and fruit production under plastic house conditions. Environmental Control Biology, 39: 255-265.
Iglesias, I. and Alegre. S. (2006). The effect of anti-hail nets on fruit protection, radiation, temperature, quality and profitability of ‘Mondial Gala’ apples. Journal of Applied Horticulture, 8(2): 91-100.
Jiang-Fei, M., Peng-Fei, N., Teng-Fei, X. and Zhen-Wen, Z. (2013). Effect of rain-shelter cultivation of Vitis vinifera cv. Cabernet Gernischet on the phenolic profile of berry skins and the incidence of grape diseases. Molecules, 18: 381-397.
Junior, E. R. D., Boas, R. L. Y., Leonel, S., Cabrera, J. C. and Sauco, V. G. (2010). Quality of banana fruit produced in different locations (Greenhouse and Open Air) of the Canary Islands. Tree and Forestory Science and Biotechnology, 4(2): 11-14.
Juntamanee, K., Onnon, S., Yingjajaval, S. and Sangchote, S. (2013). Leaf photosynthesis and fruit quality of mango growing under field or plastic roof condition. Acta Horticulturae, 975: 415-420.
Kamiloglu, O., Polat, A. A. and Durgac, C. (2011). Comparison of open field and protected cultivation of five early table grape cultivars under Mediterranean conditions. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 35: 491–499.
Kaur, K. and Kaur, A. (2017). Papaya performance under various growing conditions cv. Red Lady 786. Agriculture Science Digest, 37(4): 290-293.
Larson, K. D., Daugovish, O. and Shaw, D. V. (2009). Optimizing strawberry production and fruit quality with use of protected culture in southern California. Acta Horticulturae, 842: 171–176.
Lionakis, S. M. and Loxou, B. K. (1997). Behaviour of some mango cultivars in the greenhouse under net and outdoors in the area of Chania Crete. Acta Horticulturae, 455: 401-406.
Lorente, M., Orts, J. V., Soler, E. and Capilla, M. A. (2003). Economical and technical evaluation of various systems of protected cultivation for loquat. Options Me diterrane ´ennes Se ´ria A, Se ´minaries Me ´diterrane ´ens, No. 58, pp 147–150.
Medany, M. A., Abdrabbo, M. A. A., Farag, A. A., Hassanien, M. K. and Abou-Hadid, A. F. (2009). Growth and productivity of mango grown under greenhouse conditions. Egyptian Journal of Horticulture, 36(2): 373-382.
Menzel, C. M., Smith, L. A. and Moisander, J. A. (2016). Protected cropping of strawberry plants in subtropical Queensland. Acta Horticulturae, 1117: 273–278.
Mohamed, A. A. A. and Medany, M. A. (2015). Economic indicators of navel orange and keitt mango: comparison of net greenhouses vs. open field. International Journal of Development Research, 5(6): 4640-4644.
Novello, V., Tarricone, L., Vox, G. and De Palma, L. (2000). Effects of different plastic sheet coverings on microclimate and berry ripening of table grape cv. "Matilde". Journal of International Science Vigne Vin, 34: 49–55.
Pandey, S., Singh, J., Singh, S. K. and Mourya, I. B. (2015). Influence of growing environment on growth, yield and chemical composition of strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) fruits under open vs naturally ventilated polyhouse conditions. Indian Journal of Agriculture Science, 85: 1540-1545.
Paroda, R.S. (2014). Strategies for promoting protected cultivation in India. In: Advances in Protected Cultivation (ed.). New India Publishing Agency, New Delhi, pp 1-9.
Polat, A. A., Durgac, C. and Caliskan, O. (2005). Effect of protected cultivation on the precocity, yield and fruit quality in loquat. Scientia Horticulture, 104(2): 189-198.
Prakash, J., Singh, K., Goswami, A. K. and Singh, A. K. (2015). Comparison of plant growth, yield, fruit quality and biotic stress incidence in papaya var. Pusa Nanha under polyhouse and open field conditions. Indian Journal of Horticulture, 72(2): 183-186.
Reddy, P. V. K. and Gowda V. N. (2014). Influence of greenhouse cultivation on fruit quality of ‘Red Lady’ papaya. Acta Horticulturae, 1024: 109-114.
Saxena, M. (2018). Horticulture Statistics at a Glance. Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare, Deptt. of Agriculture, Corporation and Farmers Welfare. Chandu Press, New Delhi.
Schettini, E., De Salvador, F. R., Scarascia Mugnozza, G. S. and Vox, G. (2011). Evaluation of coloured nets in peach protected cultivation. Acta Horticulturae, 893: 235–242.
Sen, F., Oksar, R. E. and Kesgin, M. (2016). Effects of shading and covering on ‘Sultana Seedless’ grape quality and storability. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 18: 245-254.
Singh, Balraj. (2005). Protected structures, designs and fabrication. In: Protected cultivation of vegetable crops. Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi pp 13-36.
Singh, Brahma. (2014). DRDO- Harbinger of protected cultivation of vegetable crops in India. Chapter In: Advances in Protected Cultivation (ed.). New India Publishing Agency, New Delhi, pp 11-24.
Singh, V.P., Singh, P.K., Bhatt, Lalit, Maurya, S.K. and Jeena, A.S. (2013). Low cost protected structures for enhancing productivity and livelihood security of farming community of Uttarakhand hills- an overview. Progressive Research, 8(2): 155-159.
Singh, V.P., Singh, P.K. and Singh, C.P. (2017). Problems and prospects of greenhouse cultivation in fruit crops. In: Proceedings of 30th National Convention of Agricultural Engineers & National Seminar on ‘Technological Innovations for Enhancing Profitability of Small and Marginal Farms’ organized by Pantnagar Local Centre, The Institutions of Engineers (India) held on February 27-28, 2017, pp 188-193.
Tyagi, M., Singh, H. and Jawandha, S. K. (2015). Performance of papaya cultivars grown under protected conditions. Indian Journal of Horticulture, 72(3):334-337.
Vool, E., Ratsep, K., Bachman, U. and Moor. (2014). The quality of grapes in open field and in protected cultivated condition. In: Proceedings of the International Conference “Horticulture in quality and culture of life”. pp 839?846.
Vukovic, M., Brkljaca, M., Rumora, J., Fruk, M., Jatoi, M. A., Jemric, T. (2017). Vegetative and reproductive traits of young peaches and nectarines grown under red photoselective net. ACS - Agriculturae Conspectus Scientificus, 81(3): 181–185.
Weber, C. A., Maloney, K. E. and Sanford, J. C. (2004). Long-term field performance of primocane fruiting raspberry cultivars in New York. Hort Technology, 14(4): 590-593.
Xiao, C. L., Chandler, C. K., Price, J. F., Duval, J. R., Mertely, J. C. and Legard, D. E. (2001). Comparison of epidemics of Botrytis fruit rot and powdery mildew of strawberry in large plastic tunnel and field production systems. Plant Disease, 85: 901-909.
Young, R. E., McMahon, M. J., Rajapakse, N. C., Decoteau, D. R. (1994). Spectral filtering for plant production. International Lighting in Controlled Environments Workshop, NASA- CP- 95- 3309.
Allan, P. (2007). Phenology and production of Carica papaya ‘Honey Gold’ under cool subtropical conditions. Acta Horticulturae, 740: 217-224.
Arauz, L. F. (2000). Mango anthracnose: Economic impact and current options for integrated management. Plant Disease, 84: 600-611.
Beckmann, M. Z., Duarte De Paula, G. R. B., Gonzales-Mendes, V. A. and Piel, R. M. N. (2006). Solar radiation measured in protected ambient with tomato culture in summer-autumn seasons in Rio Grande do Sul State. Ciencia Rural, 36(1): 86–92.
Coban, H. (2004). The effects of plastic covering on yield and quality varieties of some table grapes in Ala?ehir (Manisa). S.U. Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 18: 101-103.
Darini, A. (2016). Investigation Banana Cultivars Yield and Quality traits under Green House Condition in Jiroft Region, Iran. Biological Forum – An International Journal, 8(1): 233-237.
Eckstein, K., Fraser, C. and Joubert, W. (1998). Greenhouse cultivation of bananas in South Africa. Acta Horticulturae, 490: 135-145.
Galan Sauco, V., Cabrera Cabrera, J., Hernandez Delgado, P. M. and Rodriguez Pastor, M. C. (1998). A comparison of protected and open-air cultivation of ‘Grande Naine’ and ‘Dwarf Cavendish’ bananas. Acta Horticulturae , 490: 247-259.
Ghosh, A. (2009). General idea of greenhouse technology. In: Greenhouse technology (The future concept of horticulture). Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi, pp 18-28.
Giaccone, M., Forlani, M. and Basile, B. (2012). Tree vigour, fruit yield and quality of nectarine trees grown under red photoselective anti-hail nets in southern Italy. Acta Horticulturae, 962: 287–293.
Gindaba, J. and Wand, S. J. E. (2007). Do fruit sunburn control measures affect leaf photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance in ‘Royal Gala’ apple. Environmental and Experimnetal Botany, 59(2): 160-165.
Gubbuk, H. and Pekmezci, M. (2004). Comparison of open-field and protected cultivation of banana (Musa spp. AAA) in the coastal area of Turkey. New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science, 32: 375-378.
Gubbuk, H., Pekmezci, M. and Erkan, M. (2004). Production potential of Cavendish cultivars (Musa spp. AAA) under greenhouse and field conditions in subtropical areas of Turkey. Soil and Plant Science, 54: 249-253.
Gunes, E. and Gubbuk, H. (2011). Growth, yield and fruit quality of three papaya cultivars grown under protected cultivation. Fruits, 67(1): 23-29.
Higuchi, H., Yonemoto, J. Y., Utsunomiya, N. and Sakuatani, T. (2001). Shading responses of cherimoya leaf chlorophyll content, leaf morphology, shoot growth, leaf gas exchange and fruit production under plastic house conditions. Environmental Control Biology, 39: 255-265.
Iglesias, I. and Alegre. S. (2006). The effect of anti-hail nets on fruit protection, radiation, temperature, quality and profitability of ‘Mondial Gala’ apples. Journal of Applied Horticulture, 8(2): 91-100.
Jiang-Fei, M., Peng-Fei, N., Teng-Fei, X. and Zhen-Wen, Z. (2013). Effect of rain-shelter cultivation of Vitis vinifera cv. Cabernet Gernischet on the phenolic profile of berry skins and the incidence of grape diseases. Molecules, 18: 381-397.
Junior, E. R. D., Boas, R. L. Y., Leonel, S., Cabrera, J. C. and Sauco, V. G. (2010). Quality of banana fruit produced in different locations (Greenhouse and Open Air) of the Canary Islands. Tree and Forestory Science and Biotechnology, 4(2): 11-14.
Juntamanee, K., Onnon, S., Yingjajaval, S. and Sangchote, S. (2013). Leaf photosynthesis and fruit quality of mango growing under field or plastic roof condition. Acta Horticulturae, 975: 415-420.
Kamiloglu, O., Polat, A. A. and Durgac, C. (2011). Comparison of open field and protected cultivation of five early table grape cultivars under Mediterranean conditions. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 35: 491–499.
Kaur, K. and Kaur, A. (2017). Papaya performance under various growing conditions cv. Red Lady 786. Agriculture Science Digest, 37(4): 290-293.
Larson, K. D., Daugovish, O. and Shaw, D. V. (2009). Optimizing strawberry production and fruit quality with use of protected culture in southern California. Acta Horticulturae, 842: 171–176.
Lionakis, S. M. and Loxou, B. K. (1997). Behaviour of some mango cultivars in the greenhouse under net and outdoors in the area of Chania Crete. Acta Horticulturae, 455: 401-406.
Lorente, M., Orts, J. V., Soler, E. and Capilla, M. A. (2003). Economical and technical evaluation of various systems of protected cultivation for loquat. Options Me diterrane ´ennes Se ´ria A, Se ´minaries Me ´diterrane ´ens, No. 58, pp 147–150.
Medany, M. A., Abdrabbo, M. A. A., Farag, A. A., Hassanien, M. K. and Abou-Hadid, A. F. (2009). Growth and productivity of mango grown under greenhouse conditions. Egyptian Journal of Horticulture, 36(2): 373-382.
Menzel, C. M., Smith, L. A. and Moisander, J. A. (2016). Protected cropping of strawberry plants in subtropical Queensland. Acta Horticulturae, 1117: 273–278.
Mohamed, A. A. A. and Medany, M. A. (2015). Economic indicators of navel orange and keitt mango: comparison of net greenhouses vs. open field. International Journal of Development Research, 5(6): 4640-4644.
Novello, V., Tarricone, L., Vox, G. and De Palma, L. (2000). Effects of different plastic sheet coverings on microclimate and berry ripening of table grape cv. "Matilde". Journal of International Science Vigne Vin, 34: 49–55.
Pandey, S., Singh, J., Singh, S. K. and Mourya, I. B. (2015). Influence of growing environment on growth, yield and chemical composition of strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) fruits under open vs naturally ventilated polyhouse conditions. Indian Journal of Agriculture Science, 85: 1540-1545.
Paroda, R.S. (2014). Strategies for promoting protected cultivation in India. In: Advances in Protected Cultivation (ed.). New India Publishing Agency, New Delhi, pp 1-9.
Polat, A. A., Durgac, C. and Caliskan, O. (2005). Effect of protected cultivation on the precocity, yield and fruit quality in loquat. Scientia Horticulture, 104(2): 189-198.
Prakash, J., Singh, K., Goswami, A. K. and Singh, A. K. (2015). Comparison of plant growth, yield, fruit quality and biotic stress incidence in papaya var. Pusa Nanha under polyhouse and open field conditions. Indian Journal of Horticulture, 72(2): 183-186.
Reddy, P. V. K. and Gowda V. N. (2014). Influence of greenhouse cultivation on fruit quality of ‘Red Lady’ papaya. Acta Horticulturae, 1024: 109-114.
Saxena, M. (2018). Horticulture Statistics at a Glance. Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare, Deptt. of Agriculture, Corporation and Farmers Welfare. Chandu Press, New Delhi.
Schettini, E., De Salvador, F. R., Scarascia Mugnozza, G. S. and Vox, G. (2011). Evaluation of coloured nets in peach protected cultivation. Acta Horticulturae, 893: 235–242.
Sen, F., Oksar, R. E. and Kesgin, M. (2016). Effects of shading and covering on ‘Sultana Seedless’ grape quality and storability. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 18: 245-254.
Singh, Balraj. (2005). Protected structures, designs and fabrication. In: Protected cultivation of vegetable crops. Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi pp 13-36.
Singh, Brahma. (2014). DRDO- Harbinger of protected cultivation of vegetable crops in India. Chapter In: Advances in Protected Cultivation (ed.). New India Publishing Agency, New Delhi, pp 11-24.
Singh, V.P., Singh, P.K., Bhatt, Lalit, Maurya, S.K. and Jeena, A.S. (2013). Low cost protected structures for enhancing productivity and livelihood security of farming community of Uttarakhand hills- an overview. Progressive Research, 8(2): 155-159.
Singh, V.P., Singh, P.K. and Singh, C.P. (2017). Problems and prospects of greenhouse cultivation in fruit crops. In: Proceedings of 30th National Convention of Agricultural Engineers & National Seminar on ‘Technological Innovations for Enhancing Profitability of Small and Marginal Farms’ organized by Pantnagar Local Centre, The Institutions of Engineers (India) held on February 27-28, 2017, pp 188-193.
Tyagi, M., Singh, H. and Jawandha, S. K. (2015). Performance of papaya cultivars grown under protected conditions. Indian Journal of Horticulture, 72(3):334-337.
Vool, E., Ratsep, K., Bachman, U. and Moor. (2014). The quality of grapes in open field and in protected cultivated condition. In: Proceedings of the International Conference “Horticulture in quality and culture of life”. pp 839?846.
Vukovic, M., Brkljaca, M., Rumora, J., Fruk, M., Jatoi, M. A., Jemric, T. (2017). Vegetative and reproductive traits of young peaches and nectarines grown under red photoselective net. ACS - Agriculturae Conspectus Scientificus, 81(3): 181–185.
Weber, C. A., Maloney, K. E. and Sanford, J. C. (2004). Long-term field performance of primocane fruiting raspberry cultivars in New York. Hort Technology, 14(4): 590-593.
Xiao, C. L., Chandler, C. K., Price, J. F., Duval, J. R., Mertely, J. C. and Legard, D. E. (2001). Comparison of epidemics of Botrytis fruit rot and powdery mildew of strawberry in large plastic tunnel and field production systems. Plant Disease, 85: 901-909.
Young, R. E., McMahon, M. J., Rajapakse, N. C., Decoteau, D. R. (1994). Spectral filtering for plant production. International Lighting in Controlled Environments Workshop, NASA- CP- 95- 3309.
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Greenhouse cultivation of fruit crops with special reference to India: An overview. (2020). Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 12(2), 252-260. https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.vi.2276
