Comparison of quality of anardana (dried arils) prepared in mechanical cabinet and solar tunnel drier from wild pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) fruits procured from different locations of Himachal Pradesh, India
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Abhimanyu Thakur
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4300-0145
N. S. Thakur
Hamid
Monika Chauhan
Chetna Sharma
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4300-0145
N. S. Thakur
Hamid
Monika Chauhan
Chetna Sharma
Abstract
The dried arils (anardana) prepared from wild pomegranate fruits (Punica granatum L.) are widely used as an acidulant in culinary purposes and in formulations of various ayurvedic medicines which are helpful in curing a number of ailments. As there is a wide variation among the quality of fruits which is due to geographic conditions, climatic factors and genetic variability so anardana was prepared from the fruits of different locations under different drying modes. The prepared product was further compared for its physico-chemical, antioxidant and sensory characteristics. Anardana prepared under mechanical cabinet drier and solar tunnel drier was comparable in terms of its various quality characteristics. While comparing the locations for the procurement of raw material, best quality anardana in terms of various quality attributes like colour, TSS [(total soluble solids) (40.35 oB)], total sugars (26.15 %), anthocyanins (37.97 mg/100 g), total phenols (176.46 mg GAE/100 g), flavonoids (39.45 mg QuE/100 g), antioxidant activity (59.53 %), starch (2.87 %) and sensory characteristics was prepared from the fruits of Karsog location (1265 meters above mean sea level) of Himachal Pradesh, India.
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Keywords
Antioxidants, Arils, Cabinet drier, Drying, Locations
References
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Bakshi, P., Bhushan, B., Wali, V.K., Bakshi, M., Sharma, A. and Bhat, D.J. (2013). Standardization of drying method and organoleptic evaluation of wild pomegranate (anardana) seeds. World Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 9(5), 397-400. https://www.doi.org/10.5829/idosi.wjas.2013.9.5.1750
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Bhat, M.M., Thakur, N.S. and Jindal, N. (2014). Studies on the effect of drying methods and packaging on quality and shelf life of dried wild pomegranate arils. Asian Journal of Dairy and Food Research, 33, 18-24. https://www.doi.org/10.5958/j.0976-0563.33.1.005
Brand-Williams, W., Cuvelier, M.E. and Berset, C. (1995). Use of free radical method to evaluate antioxidant activity. Lebensmittel-Wissenschaft and Technology, 28, 25-30.
Dinis, T.C., Madeira, V.M. and Almeida, L.M. (1994). Action of phenolic derivatives (acetaminophen, salicylate, and 5-aminosalicylate) as inhibitors of membrane lipid peroxidation and as peroxyl radical scavengers. Archives in Biochemistry and Biophysics, 315(1), 161-169. https://www.doi.org/10.1006/abbi.1994.1485
Ercisli, S., Gadze, J., Agar, G., Yildirim, N. and Hizarci, Y. (2011). Genetic relationships among wild pomegranate (Punica granatum) genotypes from coruh valley in Turkey. Genetics and Molecular Research, 10, 459-464. https://www.doi.org/10.4238/vol10-1gmr1155
Gould, W.A. (1978). Food Quality Assurance. AVI Publishing Company, Westport, Connecticut, New York.
Ilahy, R., Hdider, C., Lenucci, M.S., Tlili, I. and Dalessandro, G. (2011). Antioxidant activity and bioactive compound changes during fruit ripening of high-lycopene tomato cultivars. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 24(4-5), 588-595. https://www.doi.org/10.1016/j.jfca.2010.11.003
Jaswal, A.K., Bhan, S.C., Karandikar, A.S. and Gujar, M.K. (2015). Seasonal and annual rainfall trends in Himachal Pradesh during 1951-2005. Mausam, 66(2), 247-264.
Kalaycioglu, Z. and Erim, F.B. (2017). Total phenolic contents, antioxidant activities, and bioactive ingredients of juices from pomegranate cultivars worldwide. Food Chemistry, 221, 496-507. https://www.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.10.084
Kashyap, P., Anand, S. and Thakur, A. (2017). Evaluation of antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of Rhododendron arboreum flowers extract. International Journal of Food and Fermentation Technology, 7(1), 123-128. https://www.doi.org/10.5958/2277-9396.2017.00013.7
Kingsly, A.R.P., Singh, D.B., Manikantan, M.R. and Jain, R.K. (2006). Moisture dependent physical properties of dried pomegranate seeds (anardana). Journal of Food Engineering, 75, 492-496. https://www.doi.org/10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2005.04.033
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Kumar, V., Kushwaha, R., Goyal, A., Tanwar, B. and Kaur, J. (2018). Process optimization for the preparation of antioxidant rich ginger candy using beetroot pomace extract. Food Chemistry, 245, 168-177. https://www.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.10.089
More, V.R., Kapse, B.M., Kadam, A.R. and Pimpalpalle, L.V. (2017). Studies on drying of pomegranate arils for preparation of anardana. International Journal of Chemical Studies, 5(3), 724-728.
Oktay, M., Gulein, I. and Kufrevioglu, O.I. (2003). Determination of in vitro antioxidant activity of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) seed extracts. LWT-Food Science and Technology, 36, 263-271. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0023-6438(02)00226-8
Ranganna, S. (2009). Handbook of Analysis and Quality Control for Fruit and Vegetable Products. Tata McGraw Hill, pub. Co. Ltd., New Delhi.
Sharma, S.R., Bhatia, S., Arora, S., Mittal, T.C. and Gupta, S.K. (2013). Effect of storage conditions and packaging material on quality of anardana. International Journal of Advanced Engineering Technology, 6(5), 2179-2186.
Sharma, A. and Thakur, N.S. (2016a). Influence of active packaging on quality attributes of dried wild pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) arils during storage. Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 8(1), 398-404. https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v8i1.806
Sharma, A. and Thakur, N.S. (2016b). Comparative studies on quality attributes of open sun and solar poly-tunnel dried wild pomegranate arils. International Journal of Bio-Resource and Stress Management, 7(1), 136-141. https://www.doi.org/10.5958/0976-4038.2016.00022.1
Singh, D. and Dayal, H. (2011). Drying of pomegranate seeds (anardana) under different conditions. Acta Horticulturae, 890, 433-439. https://www.doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2011.890.59
Singh, D.B. and Kingsly, A.R.P. (2008). Effect of convective drying on quality of anardana. Indian Journal of Horticulture, 65(4), 413-416.
Singleton, V.L. and Rossi, J.A. (1965). Colorimetry of total phenolics with phosphomolybedic phosphotungstic acid reagent. American Journal of Enology and Viticulture, 16, 144-158.
Tehranifar, A., Zarei, M., Nemati, Z., Esfandiyari, B. and Vazifeshenas, M.R. (2010). Investigation of physico-chemical properties and antioxidant activity of twenty Iranian pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) cultivars. Scientia Horticulturae, 126, 180-185. https://www.doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2010.07.001
Thakur, A., Joshi, V.K. and Thakur, N.S. (2019). Immunology and its relation with food components: an overview. International Journal of Food and Fermentation Technology, 9(1), 1-16. https://www.doi.org/10.30954/2277-9396.01.2019.3
Thakur, A., Thakur, N.S., Hamid and Kumar, P. (2018). Studies on physico-chemical and antioxidant properties of wild pomegranate fruits in different locations of Himachal Pradesh, India. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 7(8), 2842-2850. https://www.doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2018.708.299
Thakur, N.S., Bhat, M.M., Rana, N. and Joshi, V.K. (2010). Standardization of pre-treatments for the preparation of dried arils from wild pomegranate. Journal of Food Science and Technology, 47(6), 620-625. https://www.doi.org/10.1007/s13197-010-0091-4
Thakur, N.S., Dhaygude, G.S. and Gupta, A. (2011). Physico-chemical characteristics of wild pomegranate fruits in different location of Himachal Pradesh. International Journal of Farm Science, 1(2), 37-44.
Bakshi, P., Bhushan, B., Wali, V.K., Bakshi, M., Sharma, A. and Bhat, D.J. (2013). Standardization of drying method and organoleptic evaluation of wild pomegranate (anardana) seeds. World Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 9(5), 397-400. https://www.doi.org/10.5829/idosi.wjas.2013.9.5.1750
Benzie, I.F. and Strain, J.J. (1996). The ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) as a measure of antioxidant power: the FRAP assay. Analytical Biochemistry, 239(1), 70-76. https://www.doi.org/10.1006/abio.1996.0292
Bhat, M.M., Thakur, N.S. and Jindal, N. (2014). Studies on the effect of drying methods and packaging on quality and shelf life of dried wild pomegranate arils. Asian Journal of Dairy and Food Research, 33, 18-24. https://www.doi.org/10.5958/j.0976-0563.33.1.005
Brand-Williams, W., Cuvelier, M.E. and Berset, C. (1995). Use of free radical method to evaluate antioxidant activity. Lebensmittel-Wissenschaft and Technology, 28, 25-30.
Dinis, T.C., Madeira, V.M. and Almeida, L.M. (1994). Action of phenolic derivatives (acetaminophen, salicylate, and 5-aminosalicylate) as inhibitors of membrane lipid peroxidation and as peroxyl radical scavengers. Archives in Biochemistry and Biophysics, 315(1), 161-169. https://www.doi.org/10.1006/abbi.1994.1485
Ercisli, S., Gadze, J., Agar, G., Yildirim, N. and Hizarci, Y. (2011). Genetic relationships among wild pomegranate (Punica granatum) genotypes from coruh valley in Turkey. Genetics and Molecular Research, 10, 459-464. https://www.doi.org/10.4238/vol10-1gmr1155
Gould, W.A. (1978). Food Quality Assurance. AVI Publishing Company, Westport, Connecticut, New York.
Ilahy, R., Hdider, C., Lenucci, M.S., Tlili, I. and Dalessandro, G. (2011). Antioxidant activity and bioactive compound changes during fruit ripening of high-lycopene tomato cultivars. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 24(4-5), 588-595. https://www.doi.org/10.1016/j.jfca.2010.11.003
Jaswal, A.K., Bhan, S.C., Karandikar, A.S. and Gujar, M.K. (2015). Seasonal and annual rainfall trends in Himachal Pradesh during 1951-2005. Mausam, 66(2), 247-264.
Kalaycioglu, Z. and Erim, F.B. (2017). Total phenolic contents, antioxidant activities, and bioactive ingredients of juices from pomegranate cultivars worldwide. Food Chemistry, 221, 496-507. https://www.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.10.084
Kashyap, P., Anand, S. and Thakur, A. (2017). Evaluation of antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of Rhododendron arboreum flowers extract. International Journal of Food and Fermentation Technology, 7(1), 123-128. https://www.doi.org/10.5958/2277-9396.2017.00013.7
Kingsly, A.R.P., Singh, D.B., Manikantan, M.R. and Jain, R.K. (2006). Moisture dependent physical properties of dried pomegranate seeds (anardana). Journal of Food Engineering, 75, 492-496. https://www.doi.org/10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2005.04.033
Kirtikar, K.R. and Basu, B.D. (1935). Indian Medicinal Plants. Lalit Mohan Basu, Dehradun.
Kumar, V., Kushwaha, R., Goyal, A., Tanwar, B. and Kaur, J. (2018). Process optimization for the preparation of antioxidant rich ginger candy using beetroot pomace extract. Food Chemistry, 245, 168-177. https://www.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.10.089
More, V.R., Kapse, B.M., Kadam, A.R. and Pimpalpalle, L.V. (2017). Studies on drying of pomegranate arils for preparation of anardana. International Journal of Chemical Studies, 5(3), 724-728.
Oktay, M., Gulein, I. and Kufrevioglu, O.I. (2003). Determination of in vitro antioxidant activity of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) seed extracts. LWT-Food Science and Technology, 36, 263-271. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0023-6438(02)00226-8
Ranganna, S. (2009). Handbook of Analysis and Quality Control for Fruit and Vegetable Products. Tata McGraw Hill, pub. Co. Ltd., New Delhi.
Sharma, S.R., Bhatia, S., Arora, S., Mittal, T.C. and Gupta, S.K. (2013). Effect of storage conditions and packaging material on quality of anardana. International Journal of Advanced Engineering Technology, 6(5), 2179-2186.
Sharma, A. and Thakur, N.S. (2016a). Influence of active packaging on quality attributes of dried wild pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) arils during storage. Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 8(1), 398-404. https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v8i1.806
Sharma, A. and Thakur, N.S. (2016b). Comparative studies on quality attributes of open sun and solar poly-tunnel dried wild pomegranate arils. International Journal of Bio-Resource and Stress Management, 7(1), 136-141. https://www.doi.org/10.5958/0976-4038.2016.00022.1
Singh, D. and Dayal, H. (2011). Drying of pomegranate seeds (anardana) under different conditions. Acta Horticulturae, 890, 433-439. https://www.doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2011.890.59
Singh, D.B. and Kingsly, A.R.P. (2008). Effect of convective drying on quality of anardana. Indian Journal of Horticulture, 65(4), 413-416.
Singleton, V.L. and Rossi, J.A. (1965). Colorimetry of total phenolics with phosphomolybedic phosphotungstic acid reagent. American Journal of Enology and Viticulture, 16, 144-158.
Tehranifar, A., Zarei, M., Nemati, Z., Esfandiyari, B. and Vazifeshenas, M.R. (2010). Investigation of physico-chemical properties and antioxidant activity of twenty Iranian pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) cultivars. Scientia Horticulturae, 126, 180-185. https://www.doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2010.07.001
Thakur, A., Joshi, V.K. and Thakur, N.S. (2019). Immunology and its relation with food components: an overview. International Journal of Food and Fermentation Technology, 9(1), 1-16. https://www.doi.org/10.30954/2277-9396.01.2019.3
Thakur, A., Thakur, N.S., Hamid and Kumar, P. (2018). Studies on physico-chemical and antioxidant properties of wild pomegranate fruits in different locations of Himachal Pradesh, India. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 7(8), 2842-2850. https://www.doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2018.708.299
Thakur, N.S., Bhat, M.M., Rana, N. and Joshi, V.K. (2010). Standardization of pre-treatments for the preparation of dried arils from wild pomegranate. Journal of Food Science and Technology, 47(6), 620-625. https://www.doi.org/10.1007/s13197-010-0091-4
Thakur, N.S., Dhaygude, G.S. and Gupta, A. (2011). Physico-chemical characteristics of wild pomegranate fruits in different location of Himachal Pradesh. International Journal of Farm Science, 1(2), 37-44.
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Comparison of quality of anardana (dried arils) prepared in mechanical cabinet and solar tunnel drier from wild pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) fruits procured from different locations of Himachal Pradesh, India. (2020). Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 12(2), 71-78. https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.vi.2247
