Improvement in seed germination by priming treatments in Black nightshade (Solanum nigrum L.)
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Abstract
The seeds must be viable and non-dormant for the efficient cultivation of the species of medicinal plants. The seeds of Solanum nigrum possess primary dormancy, which restricts germination. Hence, a laboratory experiment was conducted during 2019 in the Department of Seed Science and Technology, Agricultural College and Research Institute, Madurai, Tamil Nadu. The S. nigrum seeds were primed by soaking in different chemicals viz.,GA3 100ppm, Thiourea1%, KNO3 0.5%, Succinic acid 100 ppm, Ascorbic acid 100 ppm, hydro and dry control with soaking durations of 12h and seeds were dried under shade to bring back to their original moisture content and used for assessing the seed quality studies. The results revealed that among the different priming treatments Thiourea 1% recorded higher seed quality parameters viz, speed of germination (5.6), germination (88 %), seedling length (5.92 cm) and vigour index (520) and the enzyme activity of dehydrogenase (0.072 OD value) and lower values of electrical conductivity( 0.027 dsm-1), amino acids (0.119 ?gg-1 ) and sugars ( 0.175 ?gg-1 ). Hence it could be recommended as pre-sowingg seed priming treatment in S. nigrum.
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Keywords
Enzyme activity, Priming, Seed quality, Solanum nigrum.
References
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Arularasu, P. and Sambandamurthi, S. (1999). Effect of gibberellic acid, nitrogen and spacing on herbage yield and oil yield in tulsi (Ocimum sanctum L.). South Indian Horticulture., 7(1/6): 370-372.
Basra, S. M. A., Ahmad, N., Khan, M. M., Iqbal, N. and Cheema, M. A.(2003) Assessment of cotton seed deterioration during accelerated ageing. Seed Science and Technology., 31(3):531-540.
Basra, S.M.A, Farooq, M., Tabassam, R. and Ahmad, N.(2005) Physiological and biochemical aspects of pre-sowing seed treatments in fine rice (Oryza sativa L.). Seed Science and Technology., 33: 623-628. https://doi.org/10.15258/sst.2003.31.3.02.
Bray, C. M., Davison, P.A., Ashraf,M. and Taylor,R. M.(1989). Biochemical changes during osmopriming of leek seeds. Ann Botany., 36: 185–193.
Bush, E.W., Wilson, D., Shepard, D. P., Mccleansc, G. (2000) Enhancement in seed in germination common carpet grass and centipede grass. Hort Science., 3(5):769-770. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI.35.4.769
Buttler, L.H., Hay,F.R., Ellis,R.H., Smith, R.D and Murray,T.B.(2009). Priming and re drying improve the survival of mature seeds of Digitalis purpurea during storage. Annals of Botany, 103: 1261-1270. http://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcp059
Gao, Q. Wang, G. Sun, Y. and Epstein, I. R.(2008). Simultaneous tracking of sulfur species in the oxidation of thiourea by hydrogen peroxide. The Journal of Physical Chemistry A., 112: 5771–5773. https://doi.org/10.1021/jp8003932
Givelberg, A., Horrowitz, M. and Poljakoff-Mayber, A. (1984). Germination behaviour of Solanum nigrum Seeds. .Journal of Experimental Botany., 35 (4): 588–598. .https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/35.4.588
Gomez, K. A., Gomez, A. A.(1984). Statistical procedure for Agricultural Research, John Wiley, New York, 690.
Hartmann, K., Kroob, C. and Mollwo,A. (1997). Phytochrome-mediated photocontrol of the germination of the Scentless Mayweed, Matricaria inodora L., and its sensitization by nitrate and temperature. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology., 40(3):240-252. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1011-1344(97)00064-X
ISTA. International rules for seed testing. (2016) Seed Science and Technology, Zurich, Switzerland.
Jagatheeswari, D., Bharathi, T. and Sheik Jahabar, A. H.(2013).Black Night Shade (Solanum nigrum L.) - An Updated Overview. International Journal of Pharmaceutical & Biological Archives., 4(2): 288 – 295.
Keerthana, S. and Sundaralingam, K.(2018)An evaluation of thiourea application in breaking dormancy of black nightshade (Solanum nigrum L). International Journal of Agricultural Science and Research., 9 (3): 259-266.
Kelner, M., Bagnell, R. and Welch, K. (1990). Thiourea react with superoxide radicals to yield a sulfhydryl compound. Explanation for protective effect against paraquat. Journal of Biological Chemistry., 265: 1306–1311.
Khan, A. A.(1992). Pre-plant physiological seed conditioning. In: Horticulture Reviews., 14: 131-181.
Kittock, D.L and Law, A.G. (1968) Relationship of seedling vigour, respiration and tetrazolium chloride reduction by germination of wheat seeds. Agron. J., 60: 286-288.
McDonald, M. B. (2000). Seed priming. Seed technology and its biological basis., 287-325.
Moore, S. and Stein, W.H. (1948) Photometric nin- hydrin method for use in the ehromatography of amino acids. Journal of Biological Chemistry., 176: 367-388.
Pallavi, H., Vishwanath, K., Harish, B., Prashanth. Y., and Thattimani, M. (2014). Seed treatments to break seed dormancy and Standardization of viability test procedure in Abrus precatorious. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research., 8(4): 229-236. DOI: 10.5897/JMPR2013.5102
Pandey, H., Nandi, S., Nadeem, M., and Palni, L. (2000). Chemical stimulation of seed germination in Aconitum heterophyllumWall. and A. balfourii Stapf: important Himalayan species of medicinal value. Seed Science and Technology., 28(1):39-48.
Patade, V.Y, Khatri, D. Manoj, K.(2012). Cold tolerance in thiourea primed capsicum seedlings is associated with transcript regulation of stress responsive genes. Molecular Biology Reports., 39:10603–10613.
DOI: 10.3923/rjss.2011.125.136.
Patade, Y. V., Maya, K. and Zakwan, A.(2011). Seed priming mediated germination improvement and tolerance to subsequent exposure to cold and salt stress in capsicum. Research Journal of Seed Science., 4(3): 125-136.
Revathi, R. (2001). Seed production, testing and storage studies in Phyllanthus amarus (Schum and Thom.). M. Sc. (Ag.) Thesis, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore.
Shobharani, M. (2018). Standardization of seed germination testing procedures and seed germination improvement in medicinal plants .M. Sc. (Ag.) Thesis, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore.
Somogyi, M.(1952). Notes on sugar determination. Journal of biological chemistry., 195: 19-23.
Taylor, A.G. and Harman, G.E.(1990). Concepts and technologies of selected seeed treatments. Annual Review of Phytopathology., 28: 321-339. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.py.28.090190.001541.
Ventura, L., Dona, M., Macovei, A., Carbonera, D., Buttafava ,A., Mondoni, A and Balestrazzi, A. (2012). Understanding the molecular psth ways associated with seed vogour. Plant physiology and Bio chemistry, 60:196-206. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.plaphy.2012.07.031
Wahid, A., Basra, S.M.A. and Farooq, M.(2017). Thiourea: A Molecule with Immense Biological Significance for Plants. International Journal of Agriculture & Biology., 19(4): 911–920. DOI: 10.17957/IJAB/15.0464
Arularasu, P. and Sambandamurthi, S. (1999). Effect of gibberellic acid, nitrogen and spacing on herbage yield and oil yield in tulsi (Ocimum sanctum L.). South Indian Horticulture., 7(1/6): 370-372.
Basra, S. M. A., Ahmad, N., Khan, M. M., Iqbal, N. and Cheema, M. A.(2003) Assessment of cotton seed deterioration during accelerated ageing. Seed Science and Technology., 31(3):531-540.
Basra, S.M.A, Farooq, M., Tabassam, R. and Ahmad, N.(2005) Physiological and biochemical aspects of pre-sowing seed treatments in fine rice (Oryza sativa L.). Seed Science and Technology., 33: 623-628. https://doi.org/10.15258/sst.2003.31.3.02.
Bray, C. M., Davison, P.A., Ashraf,M. and Taylor,R. M.(1989). Biochemical changes during osmopriming of leek seeds. Ann Botany., 36: 185–193.
Bush, E.W., Wilson, D., Shepard, D. P., Mccleansc, G. (2000) Enhancement in seed in germination common carpet grass and centipede grass. Hort Science., 3(5):769-770. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI.35.4.769
Buttler, L.H., Hay,F.R., Ellis,R.H., Smith, R.D and Murray,T.B.(2009). Priming and re drying improve the survival of mature seeds of Digitalis purpurea during storage. Annals of Botany, 103: 1261-1270. http://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcp059
Gao, Q. Wang, G. Sun, Y. and Epstein, I. R.(2008). Simultaneous tracking of sulfur species in the oxidation of thiourea by hydrogen peroxide. The Journal of Physical Chemistry A., 112: 5771–5773. https://doi.org/10.1021/jp8003932
Givelberg, A., Horrowitz, M. and Poljakoff-Mayber, A. (1984). Germination behaviour of Solanum nigrum Seeds. .Journal of Experimental Botany., 35 (4): 588–598. .https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/35.4.588
Gomez, K. A., Gomez, A. A.(1984). Statistical procedure for Agricultural Research, John Wiley, New York, 690.
Hartmann, K., Kroob, C. and Mollwo,A. (1997). Phytochrome-mediated photocontrol of the germination of the Scentless Mayweed, Matricaria inodora L., and its sensitization by nitrate and temperature. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology., 40(3):240-252. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1011-1344(97)00064-X
ISTA. International rules for seed testing. (2016) Seed Science and Technology, Zurich, Switzerland.
Jagatheeswari, D., Bharathi, T. and Sheik Jahabar, A. H.(2013).Black Night Shade (Solanum nigrum L.) - An Updated Overview. International Journal of Pharmaceutical & Biological Archives., 4(2): 288 – 295.
Keerthana, S. and Sundaralingam, K.(2018)An evaluation of thiourea application in breaking dormancy of black nightshade (Solanum nigrum L). International Journal of Agricultural Science and Research., 9 (3): 259-266.
Kelner, M., Bagnell, R. and Welch, K. (1990). Thiourea react with superoxide radicals to yield a sulfhydryl compound. Explanation for protective effect against paraquat. Journal of Biological Chemistry., 265: 1306–1311.
Khan, A. A.(1992). Pre-plant physiological seed conditioning. In: Horticulture Reviews., 14: 131-181.
Kittock, D.L and Law, A.G. (1968) Relationship of seedling vigour, respiration and tetrazolium chloride reduction by germination of wheat seeds. Agron. J., 60: 286-288.
McDonald, M. B. (2000). Seed priming. Seed technology and its biological basis., 287-325.
Moore, S. and Stein, W.H. (1948) Photometric nin- hydrin method for use in the ehromatography of amino acids. Journal of Biological Chemistry., 176: 367-388.
Pallavi, H., Vishwanath, K., Harish, B., Prashanth. Y., and Thattimani, M. (2014). Seed treatments to break seed dormancy and Standardization of viability test procedure in Abrus precatorious. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research., 8(4): 229-236. DOI: 10.5897/JMPR2013.5102
Pandey, H., Nandi, S., Nadeem, M., and Palni, L. (2000). Chemical stimulation of seed germination in Aconitum heterophyllumWall. and A. balfourii Stapf: important Himalayan species of medicinal value. Seed Science and Technology., 28(1):39-48.
Patade, V.Y, Khatri, D. Manoj, K.(2012). Cold tolerance in thiourea primed capsicum seedlings is associated with transcript regulation of stress responsive genes. Molecular Biology Reports., 39:10603–10613.
DOI: 10.3923/rjss.2011.125.136.
Patade, Y. V., Maya, K. and Zakwan, A.(2011). Seed priming mediated germination improvement and tolerance to subsequent exposure to cold and salt stress in capsicum. Research Journal of Seed Science., 4(3): 125-136.
Revathi, R. (2001). Seed production, testing and storage studies in Phyllanthus amarus (Schum and Thom.). M. Sc. (Ag.) Thesis, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore.
Shobharani, M. (2018). Standardization of seed germination testing procedures and seed germination improvement in medicinal plants .M. Sc. (Ag.) Thesis, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore.
Somogyi, M.(1952). Notes on sugar determination. Journal of biological chemistry., 195: 19-23.
Taylor, A.G. and Harman, G.E.(1990). Concepts and technologies of selected seeed treatments. Annual Review of Phytopathology., 28: 321-339. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.py.28.090190.001541.
Ventura, L., Dona, M., Macovei, A., Carbonera, D., Buttafava ,A., Mondoni, A and Balestrazzi, A. (2012). Understanding the molecular psth ways associated with seed vogour. Plant physiology and Bio chemistry, 60:196-206. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.plaphy.2012.07.031
Wahid, A., Basra, S.M.A. and Farooq, M.(2017). Thiourea: A Molecule with Immense Biological Significance for Plants. International Journal of Agriculture & Biology., 19(4): 911–920. DOI: 10.17957/IJAB/15.0464
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How to Cite
Improvement in seed germination by priming treatments in Black nightshade (Solanum nigrum L.). (2020). Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 12(2), 84-87. https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.vi.2244
