A report on the Butterflies in Jhansi (U.P.) India
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.main##
Abstract
The city Jhansi is famous for the fort, gardens and surrounding hilly areas. These gardens and hilly areas have supported for butterflies and other insects. The butterflies are essential part of any natural ecosystem as their adults performs pollination. They are highly mobile organism and are able to maintain connectivity between the fragmental habitats. The larval stages are herbivorous and cause economic damage but adult are beneficial as pollinators of several trees and herbaceous flora. They are vulnerable to changes in flower supply resulting from
deforestation and environmental pollution hence they are the biological indicators of pollution. The present study was conducted regarding the different selected sites visited by butterflies, their foraging activity and abundance at different sites of Jhansi. During the visit some species of butterflies were collected as flower visitors on different species of flowering plants (garden, cultivated, semi wild and wild) in selected areas. The species of collected butterflies were showed the most common and highly active species throughout the day. Some species namely Pieris canidia indica, lxias mrianne (Cramer), Catopsilia crocale (Cramer), Catopsilia pyranthe (Linn.), Eurema hecabe fimbriata (Wallace) Colias electo fieldi and Colias erate (Esper) were observed mostly on the flowering plants of each site during the study. The nymphalids were found to be very common in the plane areas of Jhansi as flower visitors and only one species Papilio demoleus could be collected from only two sites.
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.details##
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.details##
Biological indicator, Butterfly, Flower visitors, Natural ecosystem, Pollination
Alphonsa Xavier. (2006). Butterfly fauna of Government arts & Science College campus, Kozhikode, Kerala. Zoos’Print Journal, 21 (3): 2263-2264.
Barua, K.K., Kakati D. and Kalita J. (2004). Present Status of Swallowtail butterflies in Garbhanga reserve forest, Assam, India. Zoos’Print Journal,19 (4):1439-1441.
Chakravarthy, A. K., Rajagopal, D. and R. Jaganntha. (1997). Insect as bio indicators of conservation in the tropics. Zoos’ Print Journal. 12:21-25
Chandra, K., Sharma R.M., Ajit Singh and Singh R.K. (2007). A checklist of butterflies of Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh States, India. Zoos’Print Journal, 22 (8):2790-2798.
Gilbert, L.E. and Singer, M.C. (1975). Butterflies Ecology. Unknown 4098: 365-397
Godden, R. (1997).The Wonderful World of Butterflies and Moths. Hamlyn Pub. Group Ltd., London: 96
Green, J. and Huang, A. (1998). Butterflies of South Vancouver Island. Co-op resort. Royal British Columbia Museum. Available online at: http://rbcm.gov.bc.ca/nhpapers/anneh/text/coverpage.html
Heppner, J. (1998). Classification of Lepidoptera.Part1 Introduction. Holarctic.Lep.Vol.5, Supplement 1:148
Kunte, K.J. (1996). Strange Behaviour of Mottled Emigrant male. Journal Bombay Natural History Society, 3(2): 307-308
Kunte, K. J. (1997). Seasonal Patterns in the Butterfly Abundance and Species Diversity in Four Tropical Habitats in Northern Western Ghats. J. Biosci., 22 (5): 593-603
Kunte, K.J. (2000). India a Lifescape Butterflies of Peninsular India. Universities Press (India) Limited.
Kunte, K.J. (2001). Butterfly diversity of Pune city along the human impact gradient. J.Ecol. Soc., 13/14: 40-45.
Kumar, A. (2011). A study on butterfly abundance and diversity in Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh, India. The biosphere, 3(1): 45-48.
Larsen, T.B. (2002). The butterflies of Nilgiri mountain of southern India (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera). Journal of Bombay Natural history Society, 85 (1): 30-43.
Lafontaine, J.D. (1997). Butterflies and Moths. In Smith, I.M. (ed.).Assessment of Species Diversity in the Mixedwood Pains Ecozone. Printed Summary [1997]. Eman Publication: 31 + CDROM
Lawton, J.H., D.E. Bignell, B. Bolton, G.F. Bloemers, P. Eggleton, P.M. Hemmond, M.Hodda, R.D. Holts, T.B. Larsen, N.A. Mawdsley, N.E. Stork, D.S. Srivastava and A.D. Watt. (1998). Biodiversity Inventories Indicator Taxa and Effect of Habitat Modification in Tropical Forest. Nature, 391:72-76
Lewis, H.I. (1973). Butterflies of the world. Harrap. London.
Mani, M.S. (1986). Butterflies of Himalaya. New Delhi, India.Oxford IBH Publishing Co.
Mathew, G. (2001). Conservation of Invertebrates through Captive Breeding: A Study With Reference to Butterflies. KFRI Research Report No.220: 210
Pollard, E.(1991). Monitoring Butterfly Numbers in Monitoring for Conservation and Ecology (ed.). F.B. Goldsmith (London: Chapman and Hall):87
Padhey, A.D., Dahanukar, M., Paigankar, M., Deshpande, M. and Deshpande, D. (2006). Season and landscape wise distribution of butterflies in Tamhini, Northern western Ghats India, Zoos Print J., 21:2175-2181.
Parag, E. and Omkar, D. (2009). Three additions to the known butterfly (Lepidotera: Rhopalocera and Grypocera) fauna of Goa, India. Journal of Threatened Taxa, 1(5): 298-299.
Solmanraju, A. J.(2004). Nector host plants of some butterflies species at Visakapatnam. Sci. and Cul., 70: 187-190.
Stokoe, W. J. (1974). The Observer’s Book of Butterflies.W.J. Frederick Warne and Co., London: 191
Tiple, A.D., Khurad, A.M. and Dennis R.L.H. (2007). Butterfly diversity in relation to a human impact gradient on Indian university campus. Nota Lepid., 30(1);179-188.
Tiple, A.D., Deshmukh,V. P. and Dennis R.L.H. (2006). Factors influencing nector plants resource visit by butterfly on a university campus: implication for conservation. Nota Lepid., 28 : 213-224.
Tiple, A..D. (2009). Butterflies from Nagpur city, central India: Diversity, Population, nector and larval plants and the implications for conservation, PhD Thesis, RTM Nagpur University Nagpur India 1-146.
Verma, S.K. (2009). Species Composition and Seasonal variation of butterflies in Dalma Wildlife Sanctury. Jharkhand, India.Journal of Threatened Taxa, 1 (5): 295-297.
Whalley, P. (1988). Butterflies and Moths. In association with the natural history museum, Dorling Kindersley limited, London.
Whalley, P. (1992). Eyewitness Guide of Butterflies and Moths. Dorling Kindersley. London: 63
Wynter-Blyth, M.A. (1957). Butterflies of the Indian Region. Bombay Natural History Society, CME Press Poona.
This work is licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0) © Author (s)
