A study on commercial cultivation and storage of water chestnut (Trapa natans L.) under wetland ecosystem of North Bihar, India
Article Main
Abstract
Water chestnut is an excellent economical and medicinal winter crop from fresh water ecosystem. It is well known for its nutrient content including protein and antioxidants. Different water chestnut germplasm viz. Green Spineless, Green Spine, Red Spineless and Red Spine were studied at wetland ecosystem of North Bihar in India under Research Centre on Makhana, Darbhanga, during 2016-17. Under wetland ecosystem, Green Spineless variety of water chestnut produced large quality nut (24.42 g) followed by Red Spineless (23.11 g). Regarding yield, Green Spineless gave rise to the maximum yield of 12.24 t/ha. The Red Spineless variety exhibited the maximum TSS of 9.60B followed by Green Spineless (9.20B). Water chestnut beetle (Galerucella birmanica Jacoby.) was dangerous pest under wet land ecosystem as compared to aphid. Green colored varieties were resistant to beetle and aphid. Different approaches had been made to enhance the shelf life of water chestnut variety Red Spineless as it was sweetest and attractive in colour among trial varieties. The results revealed that poly packaging with 5% perforation and stored in refrigerator for 40C (T1) increased storage life up to 14.0days as compared to open ambient (T4) (4.72 days) maintaining fair market acceptability. This treatment (T1) also improved the TSS content of the fruit to 9.80B by slow and gradual PLW about 21.15 % during two weeks of storage. From our present study it may be concluded that irrespective of color, spineless varieties of water chestnut were promising under wetland ecosystem of North Bihar on account of their yield potential and nut quality.
Article Details
Article Details
Cultivation, Disease and pest, Fruit quality, Storage, Water chestnut, Yield
Akao, S. Hosoi, Y. and Fujiwara, T. (2011). Utilization of water chestnut for reclamation of water environment and control of cyano-bacterial blooms. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 21(3):2249-2255, 2014. doi: 10.1007/s11356-013-2102-2. Epub 2013 Sep 8.
Alfasane, Md., Almujaddade, M., Khonder, M., Rahman, M. (2017). Biochemical Composition of the Fruits of Water Chestnut (Trapa bispinosa Roxb.). Dhaka Univ. J. Biol. Sci. 20(1): 95?98, 2011.
Besha J.A. and Countryman, W.D. (1980). Feasibility assessment of anaerobic digestion of European water chestnuts (Trapa natans L.). New York State Energy Research and Development Authority 80-13, Albany, NY.
Choudhury, R.S., Sahoo.N and Verma H.N. (2003). Growth behavior and yield of five water chest nut varieties under waterlogged condition. Indian Journal Plant Physiology, 8(4):369-371
Faruk, M.O. , Amin, M.Z., Sana N.K., Saha, R.K. and Biswas, R.K. (2012).Biochemical analysis of two varieties of water chestnuts (Trapa spp). Pakisthan Journal of Biological Sciences, 15(21):1019-1026.
Hummel, M. and Findlay, S. (2006). Effects of water chestnut (Trapa natans) beds on water chemistry in the tidal freshwater Hudson River. Hydrobiologia. 2559: 169–181.
Hummel, M. and Kiviat, E. (2004). Review of world literature on water chestnut with implications for management in North America. J Aquat Plant Manage. 42: 17–27.
Jackson, M.L. (1973). Soil Chemical Analysis. Prentice Hall of India Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.
Jana, H. (2016).Water Caltrop: A potential crop of waterbodies. Rastriya Krishi, 11(2) 7-11
Kundu, M. and Joshi, R. (2012). Production Technology of water chestnut ( Trapa natans ) Krisi sewa pp1-2
Majumdar, B.C. and Jana, S.(1977). Physico-chemical analysis of water-chestnut (Trapa bispinosa) fruits. Sci-and-Culture, 43: 8: 361-362.
Mann, S., Gupta, D. Gupta, V. and Gupta, R.( 2011). Evaluation of nutritional, phytochemical, and antioxidant potential of Trapa bispinosa Roxb. fruit. Retrieved November 17, 2017, from http://www.ijppsjournal.com/Vol-4Issue-1/3050.pdf
Puste, A.M. (2004). Agronomic management of wetland crops”. Kalyani Publishers, India.
Ranganna, S. (1986). In Handbook of analysis and quality control for fruit and vegetable products. 3rd edn. Tata Mc Graw-Hill Publishing, New Delhi, India.
Rhoads, A.F. and Morris, Block, T.A. (2002). Arboretum of the University of Pennsylvania. European water-chestnut Trapa natans L. Water chestnut family (Trapaceae). April 2002. http://www.paflora.org/pdf/INV-Fact%20Sheets/Trapa%20natans.pdf Updated 5/12
Singh, G.D., Bawa, A.S, . Singh, S. and Saxena.D.C. (2009). Physicochemical, pasting, thermal and morphological characteristics of Indian water chestnut (Trapa natans) starch. Starch Stärke. 61: 35-42
Singh G.D., Singh S, Jandal, N and Saxena D.C. (2010). Physico-chemical characteristics and sensory quality of Singhara (Trapa natans L.): An Indian water chestnut under commercial and industrial storage conditions. African Journal of Food Science,4(11), pp. 693 – 702.
Singh. I.S. (2017). Dynamics of nutrient of aquatic crop (Gorgon nutor makhana) under different system of cultivation- A review.International Journal of Agriculture Sciences.7(5) pp 1309-1316.
Subhiah B.V. and Asija G.L. (1956). A rapid procedure for the estimation of available N2 in soils. Current Science 25, 259.
Takano, A. and Kadono, Y. (2005). Allozyme variations and classification of Trapa (Trapaceae) in Japan. Aqu Bot., 83: 108–118.
Tang, X.T., Zheng, F.S., Qin, J., Lu, MX, and Du, Y.Z. (2016). Genetic structure of water chestnut beetle: Providing evidence of origin of water chestnut. PLoS ONE, 11(7): e0159557.
Tsuchiya, T. and Iwakuma, T. (1993). Growth and leaf life-span of a floating-leaved plant, Trapa natans L., as influenced by nitrogen flux. Aquatic Botany, 46(3-4):317-324.
USEPA(1989). Superfund record of decision” Marathon Battery, NY, third remedial action - final. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, Albany, NY.
Yadav, H.S. and Gargav, V.P. (1988). Chemical Control of Singhara Beetle, Galerucella birmanica Jacoby. Indian Journal of Plant Protection. 16:159-162
This work is licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0) © Author (s)
