Monthly variation and interrelationship of physicochemical characteristics of a perennial pond at a biological park in Patna, Bihar, India
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Abstract
The present study was designed to observe the monthly variation and interrelationship among the physicochemical characteristics of the surface water of a perennial pond situated at Biological park also known as Sanjay Gandhi Jaivik Udyan, Patna. The different physicochemical parameters was determined for the period of two years i.e from May, 2016 to April, 2018 to analyse the pond water quality. The maximum value of water temperature, transparency, total solids, total dissolved solids, total suspended solids, turbidity, pH, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, biological oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, total alkalinity, chloride, total hardness, calcium hardness, magnesium hardness, nitrate, inorganic phosphorus, sodium, potassium were found as 32.6 ± 0.24 °C; 24.57 ± 0.18 cm; 1510.66 ± 4.50 mg/l; 1210 ± 0.89 mg/l; 478.33 ± 2.11 mg/l; 37.46 ± 0.22 NTU; 8.54 ± 0.0245; 542 ± 11.57 µ S cm¯1; 8.216 ± 0.01 mg/l; 6.73 ± 0.074; 14.27 ± 0.114 mg/l, 269.36 ± 0.157 mg/l, 63.51 ± 0.13 mg/l, 333.33 ± 2.581 mg/l; 101.2 ± 0.089 mg/l; 19.13 ± 0.068 mg/l; 1.56 ± 0.004 mg/l; 1.43 ± 0.0078 mg/l; 7.726 ± 0.025 mg/l, 4.81 ± 0.215 mg/l respectively during the study period. This study therefore gives insight about the existing health of the pond and will be helpful to take suitable measure by the authorities to maintain the healthy environment and wholesomeness of the pond.
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Keywords
Interrelationship, Monthly variation, Physicochemical characteristics, Pond
References
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Bano, Z., Chauhan, R., and Bhat, N.A. (2016). A study of seasonal physicochemical parameters in River Narmada. Journal of chemical, biological and physical sciences. 6(1), 10-17.
Barai, S.R. and Kumar, S. (2012). Evaluation of the physicochemical characteristics of river Varuna at Varanasi, India. Journal of Environmental Biology. 34, 259-265.
Baudisch, 0. (1921). The mechanism of reduction of nitrates and nitrites in processes of assimilation. Journal of Biological Chemistry. 48:489-502.
Beemappa, K., Nandini, N., Kumar. M.V., and Raghavendra, M. (2015). Temporal Variation in water quality parameters of Bandematta Lake –Peri Urban area of Bengaluru, Karnataka, India. International Journal of Advanced Research. 3(7),1283-1291.
Bhavimani, H., and Puttaiah, E.T. (2014). Fish culture and physico-chemical characteristics of Madikoppa Pond, Dharwad Tq/Dist, Karnatak. Hydrology. Current Research. 5,162.
Charkhabi, A.H., and Sakizadeh, M. (2006). Assessment of spatial variation of water quality parameters in the most polluted branch of the Anzali Wetland, Northern Iran, Polish. Journal of Environmental Studies, 15(3), 395-403.
Chaurasia M., and Pandey, G. C. (2007). Study of Physico-chemical characteristics of some water pond of Ayodhya-faizabad. Indian Journal of Environmental Protection. 27(11), 1019-1023.
Cochrane, T.T., and Cochrane, T,A. (2009). Differences in the way potassium chloride and sucrose solution effect osmotic potential of significance to stomata aperture modulation. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry. 47(3), 205-209. Doi: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2008.11.006.
Costa, J.S., Braga, F.S., Almeida, S.S.M.S., Ramos, R.S., Brito, D.C., Cunha, A.C., and Santos, C.B.R. (2015). Physicochemical Characterization of Water Quality - Lagoa dos Índios in Macapá, Brazil. American Chemical Science Journal. 5(2),122-134.
Deshmukh, B.S. (2012). Hydrobiological study of river Pravara in Ahmednagar district (Maharashtra), Bionano Frontier, Eco Revolution 2012 Colombo, 89-92 File:///C:/Users/S.%20Sanyal/Downloads/Alkalinity_and_Hardness_in_Production_Ponds%20(1).pdf
Gay and Proop 1993. Aspects of River Pollution, Butterworths Scientific Publication, London.
Gayathri, S., Latha, N., and Mohan, M.R. (2013). Impact of physicochemical characteristics on phytoplankton diversity of Nalluguddda Lake, Bangalore. Journal of Academia and Industrial Research 2,349-352.
Golder, D., and Chattopadhay, S. (2016). Interrelation between physico-chemical characteristics of a tropical lake and their impact of biodiversity of plants. Journal of Environmental Biology. 37,1281-1289.
Hagens, M., Slomp, C. P., Meysman F. J. R., Seitaj D. Harlay J. and Middelburg, J. J (2015). Biogeochemical processes and buffering capacity concurrently affect acidification in a seasonally hypoxic coastal marine basin. Biogeosciences. 12, 1561–1583.
Harmako, and Krishnawati Y. (2019). The quality of aur lake from Indonesia based on microalga bioindicator. Pollution Research. 38(1),33-37.
http://galileo.phys.virginia.edu/education/outreach/8thgradesol/TempSolubility.htm
Hill, D.D., Owens, W.E., Tchoounwou, P.B. (2005). Impact of animal waste application on runoff water quality in field experimental plots. Internaltional Journal of environmental research and public health. 2(2), 314-21.
Jakher, G.R., and Rawat, M. (2003). Studies on physico-chemical parameters of a tropical lake, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India. Journal of Aquatic Biology 18(2),79-83.
Kiran, B.R. (2010). Physicochemical characteristics of fish ponds of Bhadra project at Karnataka. RASAYAN Journal Chemistry. 3,671-676.
Kumar, M, and Padhy, P.K. (2015). Environmental perspectives of pond ecosystems: Global Issues, Services and Indian Scenarios. Current World Environment. 10,848-867.
Kumari, N., and Singh SP (2016). Ecological parameters variation of a fish pond of the village Fatehabad, Muzaffarpur of Bihar. Recent Life Science Mirror. 5,19-22.
Lalitha, S., Kalaivani, D., Selvameena, R., Santhi, R., and Barani, A. (2004). Assay on quality of water samples from medical college area in Thanjavur. Indian Journal of Environmental Protection. 24,925-930.
Lodh, R., Paul, R., Karmakar, B., and Das, M.K. (2014). Physicochemical studies of water quality with special reference to ancient lakes of Udaipur City, Tripura, India. International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications. 4,1-9.
Majumder, S., and Dutta, T.K. (2014). Studies on seasonal variations in physic-chemical parameters in Bankura segment of the Dwarakeshwar River (W.B) India, International Journal of Advanced Research. 2(3), 877-881.
Mohan V.C., Sharma K.K. and Sharma A.(2013) .Limnological profile of Chenani Hydroelectric Reservoir, its connecting channel and River Tawi in Udhampur district of JandK, India. International Research Journal of Biological Sciences. 2(3),76-79.
Mondal, N.K., Datta, J.K., and Banerjee, A. (2011). Pond alkalinity: A study in Burdwan Municipality, Burdwan, West Bengal, India. International Journal of Environmental Sciences. 1,1718-1724.
Mutlu, E., and Kurnaz, A. (2018). Assessment of physicochemical parameters and heavy metal pollution in Celtek pond water. Indian Journal of Geo Marine Sciences. 47(06), 1185-1192.
Nag, A., and Gupta, H. (2014). Physicochemical analysis of some water ponds in and around Santiniketan, West Bengal, India. International Journal of Environmental Sciences. 5,676-682.
Ohol, R.R., and Kamble, (2011). Study of physico-chemical Characteristics of Ganesh Tank, Miraj, district Sangli, Maharastra. Nature Environment and Pollution Technology, 10,81-83.
Patel, V. and Parikh, P. (2013). Assessment of seasonal variation in water quality of River Mini, at Sindhrot, Vadodara. International Journal of Environmental Sciences. 5, 1424-1436
Patil, D.B. and Tijare, R.V. (2001). Studies on Water Quality of Godchiroli Lake. Pollution Research. 20,257-259.
Paul, D.K. (2010) Limnological investigation of the river Ganga and its tributaries in and around Patna. The Biosphere 2,82 -83.
Paul, D.K., and Sanyal, S. (2017). Assessment of seasonal variation of physicochemical characteristics of Sanjay Gandhi Jaivik Udyan pond, Patna (Bihar) India. Journal of Patna Science College. 5,91-107.
Paul, D.K., and Mukherjee, P. (2006). A preliminary study of physicochemical characteristic of a perennial pond. Journal of Haematology and Ecotoxicology. 1,49-56.
Paul, D.K., Sanyal, S., Swarna, S., and Kumari, R. (2015). Impact of saraswati idol immersion on the water quality of Ganga river at Patna (Bihar), India. Journal of Patna Science College, 3, 147-162.
Paul, D.K., Syed, Z. H., and Kumari, A. (2014). The effect of town effluents on some physic chemical properties of Ganga river at Krishna Ghat, Patna Bihar. Journal of Patna Science College, 2,117-185.
Prasath, B.B., Nandakumar, R., Kumar, S.D., Ananth, S., Devi, S., Jayalakshmi, T., Raju, P., Thiyagarajan, M., and Santhanam, P. (2013). Seasonal variations in physico-chemical characteristics of pond and groundwater of Tiruchirapalli, India. Journal of Environmental Biology. 34,529-537.
Qureshimatva, U.M., Maurya, R.R., Gamit, S.B., Patel, R.D., and Solanki, H.A. (2015). Determination of Physico-chemical parameters and Water Quality Index (WQI) of Chandlodia Lake, Ahmedabad, Gujrat, India. Journal of Haematology and Ecotoxicology. 5,288
Richter, C.A., and Netto, J.M.A. (1991). Water treatment - updated technology. Sao Paulo: Edgard Blucher;. Portuguese.
Sandhya, K., and Benarjee, G. (2016). Physicochemical properties of some selected fresh water fish ponds in relation to fish production in Warangal area. International Journal of plant, animal and environmental sciences. 4(6). http://dx.doi.org/10.21276/ijpaes.
Sharma, M.S., Sharma, L.L., and Durve, V.S. (1984). Eutrophication of Lake Pichhola in Udaipur, Rajasthan. Pollution Research. 3(2),39-44.
Smitha, P.G., Byrappa, K., and Ranaswamy, S.N. (2007). Physicochemical characteristic of water samples of Bantwal Taluk, South Western Karnataka, India. Journal of Environmental Biology. 28,591-595.
Srivastava, A., and Srivastava, S. (2011). Assessment of physicochemical properties and sewage pollution indicator bacteria in surface water of River Gomti in Uttar Pradesh. International Journal of Environmental Sciences. 2,325-336.
Swarnakar, A.K., and Choubay, S. (2016). Testing And Analysis of pond water in Raipur city, Chhattisgarh, India. International Journal of Science and Research. 5,1962-1965.
Talling, J.F. (2010). Potassium – a non-limiting nutrient in fresh waters? Freshwater reviews. 3,97-104. Doi:10.1608/FRJ-3.2.1
Tank, S.K. and Chippa, R.C. (2013). Analysis of Water Quality of Halena Block in Bharatpur Area. International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications. 3
Uddin, Md. G., Md. Moniruzzaman., Muhammad, Al-A,H,. Md. A, Ha. and Khan, M. (2016). Seasonal variation of physicochemical properties of water in the Buriganga River, Bangladesh. World Applied Sciences Journal 34 (1),24-34.
Umerfaruq, M.Q., and Solanki, H.A. (2015). Physico-chemical Parameters of Water in Bibi Lake, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India. Journal of pollution effects and control 3,134. doi:10.4172/2375-4397.1000134.
University of Virginia Physics Department.(2003). Temperature Effects on Solubility. Retrieved January, 03, 2019 from
Verma, P.U., Purohit, A.R., and Patel, N.J. (2012). Chanlodia Lake located in Ahmedabad, Gujrat. International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications. 2,1600-1610.
Wilde, F. (2006). Temperature 6.1. In USGS Field Manual. Retrieved December, 26, 2018 from http://water.usgs.gov/owq/FieldManual/Chapter6/6.1_ver2.pdf.
Wurts, W.A. (2015). Article in World Aquaculture. Alkalinity and Hardness in production ponds. Retrieved February, 02, 2019 from
Yadav, P., Yadav, V.K., Yadav, A.K., and Khare, P.K. (2013). Physico-Chemical Characteristics of a Fresh Water Pond of Orai, U. P., Central India. Octa Journal of Biosciences. 1, 177-184.
Zar, J.H. (2007). Biostatistical Analysis. 4th Edition. Pearsons’s Education. Delhi. India. 663.
Bano, Z., Chauhan, R., and Bhat, N.A. (2016). A study of seasonal physicochemical parameters in River Narmada. Journal of chemical, biological and physical sciences. 6(1), 10-17.
Barai, S.R. and Kumar, S. (2012). Evaluation of the physicochemical characteristics of river Varuna at Varanasi, India. Journal of Environmental Biology. 34, 259-265.
Baudisch, 0. (1921). The mechanism of reduction of nitrates and nitrites in processes of assimilation. Journal of Biological Chemistry. 48:489-502.
Beemappa, K., Nandini, N., Kumar. M.V., and Raghavendra, M. (2015). Temporal Variation in water quality parameters of Bandematta Lake –Peri Urban area of Bengaluru, Karnataka, India. International Journal of Advanced Research. 3(7),1283-1291.
Bhavimani, H., and Puttaiah, E.T. (2014). Fish culture and physico-chemical characteristics of Madikoppa Pond, Dharwad Tq/Dist, Karnatak. Hydrology. Current Research. 5,162.
Charkhabi, A.H., and Sakizadeh, M. (2006). Assessment of spatial variation of water quality parameters in the most polluted branch of the Anzali Wetland, Northern Iran, Polish. Journal of Environmental Studies, 15(3), 395-403.
Chaurasia M., and Pandey, G. C. (2007). Study of Physico-chemical characteristics of some water pond of Ayodhya-faizabad. Indian Journal of Environmental Protection. 27(11), 1019-1023.
Cochrane, T.T., and Cochrane, T,A. (2009). Differences in the way potassium chloride and sucrose solution effect osmotic potential of significance to stomata aperture modulation. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry. 47(3), 205-209. Doi: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2008.11.006.
Costa, J.S., Braga, F.S., Almeida, S.S.M.S., Ramos, R.S., Brito, D.C., Cunha, A.C., and Santos, C.B.R. (2015). Physicochemical Characterization of Water Quality - Lagoa dos Índios in Macapá, Brazil. American Chemical Science Journal. 5(2),122-134.
Deshmukh, B.S. (2012). Hydrobiological study of river Pravara in Ahmednagar district (Maharashtra), Bionano Frontier, Eco Revolution 2012 Colombo, 89-92 File:///C:/Users/S.%20Sanyal/Downloads/Alkalinity_and_Hardness_in_Production_Ponds%20(1).pdf
Gay and Proop 1993. Aspects of River Pollution, Butterworths Scientific Publication, London.
Gayathri, S., Latha, N., and Mohan, M.R. (2013). Impact of physicochemical characteristics on phytoplankton diversity of Nalluguddda Lake, Bangalore. Journal of Academia and Industrial Research 2,349-352.
Golder, D., and Chattopadhay, S. (2016). Interrelation between physico-chemical characteristics of a tropical lake and their impact of biodiversity of plants. Journal of Environmental Biology. 37,1281-1289.
Hagens, M., Slomp, C. P., Meysman F. J. R., Seitaj D. Harlay J. and Middelburg, J. J (2015). Biogeochemical processes and buffering capacity concurrently affect acidification in a seasonally hypoxic coastal marine basin. Biogeosciences. 12, 1561–1583.
Harmako, and Krishnawati Y. (2019). The quality of aur lake from Indonesia based on microalga bioindicator. Pollution Research. 38(1),33-37.
http://galileo.phys.virginia.edu/education/outreach/8thgradesol/TempSolubility.htm
Hill, D.D., Owens, W.E., Tchoounwou, P.B. (2005). Impact of animal waste application on runoff water quality in field experimental plots. Internaltional Journal of environmental research and public health. 2(2), 314-21.
Jakher, G.R., and Rawat, M. (2003). Studies on physico-chemical parameters of a tropical lake, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India. Journal of Aquatic Biology 18(2),79-83.
Kiran, B.R. (2010). Physicochemical characteristics of fish ponds of Bhadra project at Karnataka. RASAYAN Journal Chemistry. 3,671-676.
Kumar, M, and Padhy, P.K. (2015). Environmental perspectives of pond ecosystems: Global Issues, Services and Indian Scenarios. Current World Environment. 10,848-867.
Kumari, N., and Singh SP (2016). Ecological parameters variation of a fish pond of the village Fatehabad, Muzaffarpur of Bihar. Recent Life Science Mirror. 5,19-22.
Lalitha, S., Kalaivani, D., Selvameena, R., Santhi, R., and Barani, A. (2004). Assay on quality of water samples from medical college area in Thanjavur. Indian Journal of Environmental Protection. 24,925-930.
Lodh, R., Paul, R., Karmakar, B., and Das, M.K. (2014). Physicochemical studies of water quality with special reference to ancient lakes of Udaipur City, Tripura, India. International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications. 4,1-9.
Majumder, S., and Dutta, T.K. (2014). Studies on seasonal variations in physic-chemical parameters in Bankura segment of the Dwarakeshwar River (W.B) India, International Journal of Advanced Research. 2(3), 877-881.
Mohan V.C., Sharma K.K. and Sharma A.(2013) .Limnological profile of Chenani Hydroelectric Reservoir, its connecting channel and River Tawi in Udhampur district of JandK, India. International Research Journal of Biological Sciences. 2(3),76-79.
Mondal, N.K., Datta, J.K., and Banerjee, A. (2011). Pond alkalinity: A study in Burdwan Municipality, Burdwan, West Bengal, India. International Journal of Environmental Sciences. 1,1718-1724.
Mutlu, E., and Kurnaz, A. (2018). Assessment of physicochemical parameters and heavy metal pollution in Celtek pond water. Indian Journal of Geo Marine Sciences. 47(06), 1185-1192.
Nag, A., and Gupta, H. (2014). Physicochemical analysis of some water ponds in and around Santiniketan, West Bengal, India. International Journal of Environmental Sciences. 5,676-682.
Ohol, R.R., and Kamble, (2011). Study of physico-chemical Characteristics of Ganesh Tank, Miraj, district Sangli, Maharastra. Nature Environment and Pollution Technology, 10,81-83.
Patel, V. and Parikh, P. (2013). Assessment of seasonal variation in water quality of River Mini, at Sindhrot, Vadodara. International Journal of Environmental Sciences. 5, 1424-1436
Patil, D.B. and Tijare, R.V. (2001). Studies on Water Quality of Godchiroli Lake. Pollution Research. 20,257-259.
Paul, D.K. (2010) Limnological investigation of the river Ganga and its tributaries in and around Patna. The Biosphere 2,82 -83.
Paul, D.K., and Sanyal, S. (2017). Assessment of seasonal variation of physicochemical characteristics of Sanjay Gandhi Jaivik Udyan pond, Patna (Bihar) India. Journal of Patna Science College. 5,91-107.
Paul, D.K., and Mukherjee, P. (2006). A preliminary study of physicochemical characteristic of a perennial pond. Journal of Haematology and Ecotoxicology. 1,49-56.
Paul, D.K., Sanyal, S., Swarna, S., and Kumari, R. (2015). Impact of saraswati idol immersion on the water quality of Ganga river at Patna (Bihar), India. Journal of Patna Science College, 3, 147-162.
Paul, D.K., Syed, Z. H., and Kumari, A. (2014). The effect of town effluents on some physic chemical properties of Ganga river at Krishna Ghat, Patna Bihar. Journal of Patna Science College, 2,117-185.
Prasath, B.B., Nandakumar, R., Kumar, S.D., Ananth, S., Devi, S., Jayalakshmi, T., Raju, P., Thiyagarajan, M., and Santhanam, P. (2013). Seasonal variations in physico-chemical characteristics of pond and groundwater of Tiruchirapalli, India. Journal of Environmental Biology. 34,529-537.
Qureshimatva, U.M., Maurya, R.R., Gamit, S.B., Patel, R.D., and Solanki, H.A. (2015). Determination of Physico-chemical parameters and Water Quality Index (WQI) of Chandlodia Lake, Ahmedabad, Gujrat, India. Journal of Haematology and Ecotoxicology. 5,288
Richter, C.A., and Netto, J.M.A. (1991). Water treatment - updated technology. Sao Paulo: Edgard Blucher;. Portuguese.
Sandhya, K., and Benarjee, G. (2016). Physicochemical properties of some selected fresh water fish ponds in relation to fish production in Warangal area. International Journal of plant, animal and environmental sciences. 4(6). http://dx.doi.org/10.21276/ijpaes.
Sharma, M.S., Sharma, L.L., and Durve, V.S. (1984). Eutrophication of Lake Pichhola in Udaipur, Rajasthan. Pollution Research. 3(2),39-44.
Smitha, P.G., Byrappa, K., and Ranaswamy, S.N. (2007). Physicochemical characteristic of water samples of Bantwal Taluk, South Western Karnataka, India. Journal of Environmental Biology. 28,591-595.
Srivastava, A., and Srivastava, S. (2011). Assessment of physicochemical properties and sewage pollution indicator bacteria in surface water of River Gomti in Uttar Pradesh. International Journal of Environmental Sciences. 2,325-336.
Swarnakar, A.K., and Choubay, S. (2016). Testing And Analysis of pond water in Raipur city, Chhattisgarh, India. International Journal of Science and Research. 5,1962-1965.
Talling, J.F. (2010). Potassium – a non-limiting nutrient in fresh waters? Freshwater reviews. 3,97-104. Doi:10.1608/FRJ-3.2.1
Tank, S.K. and Chippa, R.C. (2013). Analysis of Water Quality of Halena Block in Bharatpur Area. International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications. 3
Uddin, Md. G., Md. Moniruzzaman., Muhammad, Al-A,H,. Md. A, Ha. and Khan, M. (2016). Seasonal variation of physicochemical properties of water in the Buriganga River, Bangladesh. World Applied Sciences Journal 34 (1),24-34.
Umerfaruq, M.Q., and Solanki, H.A. (2015). Physico-chemical Parameters of Water in Bibi Lake, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India. Journal of pollution effects and control 3,134. doi:10.4172/2375-4397.1000134.
University of Virginia Physics Department.(2003). Temperature Effects on Solubility. Retrieved January, 03, 2019 from
Verma, P.U., Purohit, A.R., and Patel, N.J. (2012). Chanlodia Lake located in Ahmedabad, Gujrat. International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications. 2,1600-1610.
Wilde, F. (2006). Temperature 6.1. In USGS Field Manual. Retrieved December, 26, 2018 from http://water.usgs.gov/owq/FieldManual/Chapter6/6.1_ver2.pdf.
Wurts, W.A. (2015). Article in World Aquaculture. Alkalinity and Hardness in production ponds. Retrieved February, 02, 2019 from
Yadav, P., Yadav, V.K., Yadav, A.K., and Khare, P.K. (2013). Physico-Chemical Characteristics of a Fresh Water Pond of Orai, U. P., Central India. Octa Journal of Biosciences. 1, 177-184.
Zar, J.H. (2007). Biostatistical Analysis. 4th Edition. Pearsons’s Education. Delhi. India. 663.
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Monthly variation and interrelationship of physicochemical characteristics of a perennial pond at a biological park in Patna, Bihar, India. (2019). Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 11(2), 492-502. https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v11i2.2103
