Effect of UV-B radiations on mortality and enzymes level in fish larvae of Tor tor and Schizothorax richardsonii on laboratory scale
Article Main
Abstract
Depletion of stratospheric ozone layer is resulting into increase in solar UV-B on earth surface. Ultra violet radiation is well known to cause many detrimental effects in aquatic organisms. The present study was performed to study the effect of solar ultraviolet radiation on fish fingerlings of Tor tor and Schizothorax richardsonii as a model system on laboratory scale. The effect of different intensities of natural solar and artificial UV-B radiation on fish larvae of T. tor and S. richardsonii in a presence of retene was investigated. Solar ultraviolet intensity showed seasonal and altitudinal variations in Garhwal region. Solar UV radiation level was lower (0.390 mw/cm2) in the month of January- February at lower altitude and highest (1.192 mw/cm2) in the month of July-August 2018 at higher altitude. Fish larvae exposed to artificial UV-B (average wavelength 312 nm and intensity of 750 mw/cm2) with retene (50µg/l) showed increase in gills malandialdehyde level and caused larvae mortality as indicating that enhanced solar UV-B exposure could be lethal to fish fauna in aquatic ecosystem. Artificial UV-B had a stronger damaging effect on fish larvae than solar radiation exhibited highly toxic in presence of retene. The larvae of S. richardsonii was found more sensitive than T. tor as indicated by high mortality rate (30%) and high pigmented characteristics on dorsal side. The solar and ultraviolet radiation showed a positive effect on high pigmentation. These results suggest that on a short time scale, UV-B radiation causing developmental stress on fish larvae may contribute to assess the phototoxic behaviour of cold water fishes.
Article Details
Article Details
Fish larvae, Fish mortality, UV-B radiation, Tor tor, Schizothorax richardsonii
Arts, M. T., Browman H. I., Jakinen E. I., Kuhn P. S. and Skiftesvik A. B. (2010). Effects of UV radiation and diet on polyunsaturated fatty acid in the skin, ocular tissue and dorsal muscle of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) held in outdoor reading tanks. Photochem. Photobiol, 86: 909.
Bhandari, R.R. and Sharma, P.K. (2010). UV- B radiation and high light induced oxidative damage in Phormidium corium may cause bleaching to associated coral reefs. Indian Journal of Geo-Marine Science, 39: 423- 429.
Blautein, A.R., Belden, L.K., Hatch, A.C., Kats, L.K., Hoffman, P.D., Hays, J.B., Marco, A., Chivers, D.P and Kiesecker, J.M. (2002). In ecosystem, evolution and ultraviolet radiation. Springer-Verlag, Newyork.63.
Buzzi, F. (2002). Phytoplankton assemblages in two sub-basins of lake. Como. J. Limnol., 61(1): 117-128.(DOI:10.4081/jlimnol.2002.117)
Dargaei, Z., Sharifpour, I. and Zorriehzahra, J. (2014). UV-B impacts on morphology of retina of Oncorhynchus mykiss larvae. Iranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences, 13(2): 289-302.
David, I.P. and Davies, M. (2006). Actions of Ultraviolet light on cellular structures. Carcinogens and Genomic Intability. 96, 131.
De Mora, S.J., Demers, S., Vernet M. (2000). The effects of UV radiation on marine ecosystems.Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 324 pgs.
Figueroa, F.L., Jiménez, J., Pérez-Lloréns, J.L., Niell, F.X. (1996). Underwater light and algal photobiology. Sci Mar 60 (Supl. 1), Instituto de Ciencias del Mar, C.S.I.C. Barcelona, Spain.
Frederick, J.E., Díaz, S.B., Smolskaia, I., Espósito, W., Lucas, T., Booth, C.R. (1994). Ultraviolet solar radiationin the high latitudes of South America. Photochem Photobiol, 60: 356-362. (https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-1097.1994.tb05115.x)
Freitag, J.F., Steeger, H.U., Storz, U.C., and Paul, R.J. (1998). Sublethal impairment of respiratory control in plaice (Plueronectes platessa) larvae induced by W-B radiation, determined using a novel biocybemetical approach. Marine Biology, 132: 1-8. (DOI: 10.1007/s002270050366).
Fukunishi, Y., Masuda, R. and Yamashita,Y. (2011). Exposure of eggs to solar UV-B leads to reduced hatching rates in two sparid fishes, red sea bream Pagrus major and Black sea bream Acanthopagrus schlegeli. J. Fish Biol, 76. 734.
Hakkinen, J., Vehniainen E, Oikari, A. (2004). High sensitivity of northern pike larvae to UV-B but no UV-photoinduced toxicity of retene. Aquat Toxicol, 66: 393-404. (DOI:10.1016/j.aquatox.2003.11.001).
Hakkinen, J., Vehniainen, E. and Oikari, A. (2004). High sensitivity of northern pike larvae to UV-B but no UV-photoinduced toxicity of retene. Aquat Toxicol,66: 393-404.DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2004.04.004
Hakkinen, M.J., Vehniainen, E., Ylonen, O., Heikkilla, J., Soimasuo, M., Kaurola, J., Oikari, A. and Karjalainen, J.S. (2002). The effects of increasing UV-B radiation on pigmentation, growth and survival of coregonid embroys and larvae. Environmental Biology of Fish, 64: 151-159.
Kumar, S., Kumari, P. and Mishra, P. (2011). Lipidperoxidation and mortality in fish larvae after solar ultraviolet radiation. Journal of Environmental Research and development, 5(4): 898-904.
Kumar, S., Kumari, P. and Mishra, P. (2011). Lipidperoxidation and mortality in fish larvae after solar ultraviolet radiation. Journal of Environmental Research and development, 5(4): 898-904.
Kumar, S., Nagar, S. and Choudhary, N. (2015). Effect of ultraviolet radiation and temperature change on zooplankton- Cladocera and Copepoda. Int. J. Pharmacol. Bio. Sci, 9(3): 1-7.
Laura S., Isola D., Zucconi L. and Onofri S. (2011). Resistance to UV-B induced DNA damagein extreme- tolerant cryptoendolithic Antarctic fungi detection by PCR assays. Fungal Biology. 115(10): 937- 944.
Lin J.Y. and Fisher D.E.(2007).Melanocyte biology and skin pigmentation. Nature, 445:843.
Madronich, S. (1993). The atmosphere and UV-B radiation at ground level. In: Young AR, Björn LO, Moan J, Nultsch W (eds) Environmental UV photobiology. Plenum Press, New York, pp 1-39.
Markkula, E.,Salo, H.M., Rikalainen, K.and Jokinen, I.E. (2009). Long- term UVB Irradiation affects the Immune function of Carp (Cyprinus carpio) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Photochem. Photobiol. 85. 347.
McKenzie, R.L., Björn, L.O., Bais, A., and Ilyasd, M. (2007). Changes in biologically active ultraviolet radiation reaching the Earth's surface. Photochemical and Photobiological Sciences, 2: 5–15
Scott, R.C., Schuldiner, O., Neufeld, T.P. (2004). Role and regulation of starvation-induced autophagy in the Drosophila fat body. Dev. Cell 7(2): 167-178.
Sharma, J., Mittal, P. and Chakrabarti, R. (2008). Development of survivorship model for UV-B irradiated Catla catla larvae. Aquatic Ecology. 42(1): 17-23.(DOI: 10.1007/s10452-006-9069-8)
Singh, V.P., Srivastava P.K., and Prasad, S.M. (2012). Differential effects of UV-B radiation fluence rates on growth, photosynthesis, and phosphate metabolism in two cyanobacteria under copper toxicity. Toxicological and Environmental Chemistry, 94(8): 1511-1535.
Smith, C.V. and Anderson, R.E. (1987). Methods for determination of lipid peroxidation in biological samples.Free Radic Biol Med, 3(5): 341-344.
Sommaruga, R. Oberleiter, A. Psenner, R. (1996). Effect of UV radiation on the bacterivory of aheterotrophic nanoflagellate. Appl Environ Microbiol, 62: 4395-4400.
Speekmann, C.L., Bollens, M.S. and Avent, S.R. (2000). The effects of ultraviolet radiation on the vertical distribution and mortality of estuarine. J. Plankton. Res, 22: 2325–2350.
Takahara. S., Hamilton, J.V., Neat and Kabara, T.V. (1960). Hypocatalaasemic. A new genetic carrier state. J. Clin.Invest 39:610.
Ukeda, H. Sarker, A.K. Kawana D., Sawamura, M. (1999). Flow injection assay of superoxide dismutase based on the reduction of highly water- soluble tetrazolium. Anal Sci, 15:353-357.
Uraiwan, P., Sittithumcharee, G., Rathviboon, N. and Siwanon, J. (2016). Ultraviolet Radiation-Induced Skin Aging:The Role of DNA Damage and Oxidative Stress in Epidermal Stem Cell Damage Mediated Skin Aging. Stem Cells International ,1: 1-16 DOI: (10.1155/2016/7370642)
Zarrati, F., Forno, R., Fuentas, J., and Andrade, M. (2003). Erythemally weighted UV variations at two high altitude locations. J. Geophys. Res., 108:1–6
This work is licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0) © Author (s)
