Seasonal variation in bacterial contamination of water sources with antibiotic resistant faecal coliforms in relation to pollution
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Abstract
Water sample were collected from piped supplies, surface water and ground water sources in different locations of Lucknow city during summer, monsoon and winter season. Bacteriological quality of samples was determined by enumerating coliform isolated were subject to antibiotic susceptibility test with disc diffusion method. Maximum coliform and faecal coliform contamination were recorded during summer (67% and 75%) and monsoon (67% and 58.3%) while minimum during winter (50% and 50%). All the test isolates exhibited resistance (for nine antibiotics) was shown by river isolates. Antibiotic resistance index (ARI) ranged from 0.050 to 0.150 exhibiting the broad spectrum resistance for 3 to 9 out of 10 antibiotics tested. Occurrence of faecal pollution indicator organisms and multiple antibiotics resistance bacterial population in drinking water is alarming and a sign of potential health with therapeutic problems.
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Keywords
Coliform, Antibiotic resistance, Water, Season and pollution
References
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Harakeh, M.S., Berg, J.D., Hoff, J.C. and Matin, A. (1985). Susceptibility of chemostat-grown Yersinia enterocolitica and Klebsiella pneumonia to chlorine dioxide. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 45: 69-72.
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Jones, J.G., Gardener, S., Simon, B.M.and Pickup, R.W. (1986). Antibiotic resistant bacteria in Windermere and two remote upland tarns in the English lake district. J. Appl.Bacteriol., 60: 443-453.
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Pathak, S.P., Bhattacherjee, J.W. and Ray, P.K. (1993). Seasonal variation in survival and antibiotic resistance among various bacterial populations in a tropical river. J. Gen. Appl. Microbiol., 39: 47-56.
Paymint, P and Robertson, W. (2004). The microbiology of piped distribution systems and public health. In “Safe piped Water-Managing Microbial Water Quality in piped Distribution Systems’’. (R.Ainsworth, Ed.), pp. 1-18. World Health Organization, IWA. Publishing House, London, U.K.
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Ramteke, P.W., Pathak, S.P. and Bhattacherjee (1991). Isolation of antibiotic resistant coliform sp. From rural drinking water. J. Environ. Biol., 12: 153-158.
Vantarakis, A., Veineri, D., Komniou, G. and Papapetropoulou, M. (2006). Differentiation of fecal Escherichia coli from humans and animals by multiple antibiotic resistance analysis. Lett. Appl. Microbiol., 42: 71-77.
Wary, C. (1986). Some aspect of the occurrence of resistant bacteria in the normal animal flora. J. Antimicrob. Chemother.18: Suppl.C. 141-147.
WHO (2004). Guidelines for drinking water, 3rd ed. World Health Organization, Geneva.
APHA (1998). Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Waste, 20th ed., American Public Health Association, Washington DC.
Baghel, V.S., Singh, J. and Gopal, K. (2003). Antibiotic resistance among enteric bacteria isolated from run off of the Gangotri glacier, western Himalaya. Ind. J. Environ. Biol., 24: 349-356.
Bauer, A.W., Kirby, W.M.M, Sherris J.C. and Turck, M. (1966). Antibiotic susceptibility testing by standard single disk method. Am. J. Clin. Pathol., 45: 493-496.
Brown, M.R.A. (1977). Nutrient depletion and antibiotic susceptibility. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 3: 198-201.
Duncan, D.W. and Raxxell, W.D. (1972). Klebsiella biotpes among coliforms isolated from forest environment and from produce. Appl. Microbiol., 24: 933-938.
Harakeh, M.S., Berg, J.D., Hoff, J.C. and Matin, A. (1985). Susceptibility of chemostat-grown Yersinia enterocolitica and Klebsiella pneumonia to chlorine dioxide. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 45: 69-72.
Hinton, M. and Linton, A.H.(1983). Antibacterial drug resistance among Escherichia coli isolated from claves fed milk substitute. Veteri. Record, 112: 567-568.
Jones, J.G., Gardener, S., Simon, B.M.and Pickup, R.W. (1986). Antibiotic resistant bacteria in Windermere and two remote upland tarns in the English lake district. J. Appl.Bacteriol., 60: 443-453.
Kaspar, C.W., Burgess, J. L., Kinght, I.T. and Colwell, R.R. (1990). Antibiotic resistance indexing of Escherichia coli to identify sources of fecal contamination in water. Canand. J. Microbial., 36: 891-894.
Mulamattathil, S.G., Esterhuysen, H. A. and Pretorius, P. J. (2000). Antibiotic resistance Gram-negative bacteria in a virtually closed water reticulation system. J. Appl. Microbiol., 88: 930-937.
NCCLS (2002). Performance standards for antimicrobial disk susceptibility tests, National committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards. Villanova PA Vol.22.
Okpokwasili, G.C. and Akuugobi, T.C. (1996). Bacterial indicators of tropical water quality. Internat. J. Environ. Water Qual., 11: 77-81.
Pathak, S.P. (1991). Screening of microorganism in Gomti river water under various environment conditions. Ph.D. Thesis, Dept. of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow.
Pathak, S.P., Bhattacherjee, J.W. and Ray, P.K. (1993). Seasonal variation in survival and antibiotic resistance among various bacterial populations in a tropical river. J. Gen. Appl. Microbiol., 39: 47-56.
Paymint, P and Robertson, W. (2004). The microbiology of piped distribution systems and public health. In “Safe piped Water-Managing Microbial Water Quality in piped Distribution Systems’’. (R.Ainsworth, Ed.), pp. 1-18. World Health Organization, IWA. Publishing House, London, U.K.
Percival, S.L., Chalmers, R.M., Embrey, M., Hunter, P.R., Sellwood, J. and Wyne Jones, P (2004). Microbial risk assessment in drinking water. In ‘Microbiology of Water Borne Diseases’’. pp. 6-17. Elsevier Academic Press, U.K.
Rajurkar, N.S., Nongbri, B. and Patwardhan, A.M. (2003). Physico-chemical and biological investigations of river Umshyrpi at Shilling, Meghalaya. Indian J. Environ. Hlth., 45: 83-92.
Ramteke, P.W., Pathak, S.P. and Bhattacherjee (1991). Isolation of antibiotic resistant coliform sp. From rural drinking water. J. Environ. Biol., 12: 153-158.
Vantarakis, A., Veineri, D., Komniou, G. and Papapetropoulou, M. (2006). Differentiation of fecal Escherichia coli from humans and animals by multiple antibiotic resistance analysis. Lett. Appl. Microbiol., 42: 71-77.
Wary, C. (1986). Some aspect of the occurrence of resistant bacteria in the normal animal flora. J. Antimicrob. Chemother.18: Suppl.C. 141-147.
WHO (2004). Guidelines for drinking water, 3rd ed. World Health Organization, Geneva.
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How to Cite
Seasonal variation in bacterial contamination of water sources with antibiotic resistant faecal coliforms in relation to pollution. (2011). Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 3(2), 298-302. https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v3i2.202
