Thermo-tolerance characterization and bioassay of selected entomopathogenic fungal (EPF) isolates on larva of Spodoptera litura Fab.
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Abstract
Entomopathogenic fungi viz. Metarizhium anisoplae and Beauveria bassiana are well characterized in respect to pathogenicity to several insects and have been used for biological control of agriculture pests worldwide. Despite their potential, several factors like low resistance to elevated temperature have hindered widespread adoption of fungi as part of biological control regimes. In this study, five isolates of B. bassiana (Bb 01, Bb 02, Bb 03, Bb 04 and Bb 05) and two isolates of M. anisoplae (Ma 01 and Ma 02) were evaluated for thermotolerance capacity and bioefficacy against third instar of Spodoptera litura. Among the isolates studied, Bb 04 recorded the higher temperature tolerance up to 34oC with mean spore germination of 35.00 percent and mean dry mycelial weight of 443.38 mg. Further, in the bioassay studies, Bb 04 caused significantly (@ P<0.01%) higher percent mortality of S. litura larva at 1×108 spores ml-1 on fifth day (80.00 %) with LT50 value of 4.08 days and LC50 value of 2.07×104 conidia ml-1 at five days. Investigation results indicated that BB 04 is a suitable EPF isolate for management of S. litura where higher temperature prevails.
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Keywords
Beauveria bassiana, bioassay, Metarizhium anisoplae, Spodoptera litura, Thermo-tolerance
References
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Faria, M. R. and Wraight, S. P., (2007), Mycoinsecticides and mycoacaricides: A comprehensive list with worldwide coverage and international classification of formulation types. Biol. Cont., 43: 237-256 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2007.08.001.
Goettel, M. S. and Inglis, G. D., (1997), Fungi: hyphomycetes; In Manual of Techniques in Insect Pathology (edited by L. A. Lacey). Academic Press, San Diego. pp. 213-248.
Goettel, M.S. and D.L. Johnson (1992) Environmental Impact and Safety of Fungal Biocontrol Agents. In: Biological Control of Locusts and Grasshoppers, Lomer, C.J. and C. Prior (Eds.). CAB International, Wallingford, USA., pp: 356-361 DOI: 10.1146/annurev.ento.46.1.667.
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Gurvinder Kaur and V. Padmaja. (2008) Evaluation of Beauveria bassiana isolates for virulence against Spodoptera litura (Fab.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and their characterization by RAPD-PCR, Afr. J. Microbiol. Res., 2 : 299-307.
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Moorthi, P. V., Balasubramanian, C. and Kubendran, T., 2011, Efficacy of local isolates of Beauveria bassiana against Spodoptera litura (F.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). J. Biol. Cont., 25(1): 22-25 DOI: 10.1186/s40064-015-1437-1.
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Rangel, D. E., Alston, D. G. and Roberts, D. W., (2008), Effects of physical and nutritional stress conditions during mycelial growth on conidial germination speed, adhesion to host cuticle, and virulence of Metarhizium anisopliae, an entomopathogenic fungus. Mycol. Res., 112:1355-1361.
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Santiago, A, C., Maranhao, E. A. and Quesada, M, E., (2006), Host plant influences pathogenicity of Beauveria bassiana to Bemisia tabaci and its sporulation on cadavers. Bio Cont., 51: 519-532 DOI: 10.1007/s10526-005-5737-1.
Seth, R. K. and Sharma, V. P., (2002), Growth, development, reproductive competence and adult behaviour of Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) reared on different diets. Joint FAO/IAEA, Division of Nucl. Techniques (Vienna), 126: 15-22.
Silva, V. C. A., Barros, R., Edmilson, J., Jorge, M. E. and Torres, B., (2003), Susceptibility of Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) to the fungi Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill. and Metarhizium anisopliae (Metsch.) Sorok. Neotrop. Entomol., 32(4): 653-658 http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1519-566x2003000400016.
Thomas, S. R. and Elkinton, J. S., (2004). Pathogenicity and virulence. J. Invertebr. Pathol., 85: 146-151 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2004.01.006.
Tscharntke, T., Klein, A. M., Kruess, A., Dewenter, I. S. and Thies, C., (2005), Landscape perspectives on agricultural intensification and biodiversity ecosystem service management. Ecol. Lett. 8: 857- 874 DOI:10.1111/j.1461-0248.2005.00782.x.
Walstad, J. D., Anderson, R. F. and Stambaugh, W. J., (1970), Effects of environmental conditions on two species of muscardine fungi (Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae). J. Invertebr. Pathol,, 16: 221-226 DOI: 10.1016/0022-2011(70)90063-7.
Anand, R. and Tiwary, B. N., (2009), Pathogenicity of entomopathogenic fungi to eggs and larvae of Spodoptera litura, the common cutworm. Biocontrol. Sci. Tech., 19(9): 919-929 DOI: 10.1080/09583150903205069.
Fargues, J., Maniania, N. K., Delmas, J. C. and Smits, N., (1992), Influence of temperature on in-vitro growth of entomopathogenic hyphomycetes. Agronomie, 12: 557-564 DOI: 10.1051/agro:19920708.
Faria, M. R. and Wraight, S. P., (2007), Mycoinsecticides and mycoacaricides: A comprehensive list with worldwide coverage and international classification of formulation types. Biol. Cont., 43: 237-256 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2007.08.001.
Goettel, M. S. and Inglis, G. D., (1997), Fungi: hyphomycetes; In Manual of Techniques in Insect Pathology (edited by L. A. Lacey). Academic Press, San Diego. pp. 213-248.
Goettel, M.S. and D.L. Johnson (1992) Environmental Impact and Safety of Fungal Biocontrol Agents. In: Biological Control of Locusts and Grasshoppers, Lomer, C.J. and C. Prior (Eds.). CAB International, Wallingford, USA., pp: 356-361 DOI: 10.1146/annurev.ento.46.1.667.
Gupta, S. D. and Kumar, B., (2014), Bioefficacy of Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) against third instar larvae of Spodoptera litura (Far.), Internat. J. Plant Sci., 9(1): 97-100.
Gurvinder Kaur and V. Padmaja. (2008) Evaluation of Beauveria bassiana isolates for virulence against Spodoptera litura (Fab.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and their characterization by RAPD-PCR, Afr. J. Microbiol. Res., 2 : 299-307.
Isra' Omar Ahmad Al_qadi, (2011), Genotyping and Thermotolerance Characterization of Several Isolates of Entomopathogenic Fungi from Palestine, Bethlehem University, Palestine, M.Sc Thesis pp. 24-25.
Moorthi, P. V., Balasubramanian, C. and Kubendran, T., 2011, Efficacy of local isolates of Beauveria bassiana against Spodoptera litura (F.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). J. Biol. Cont., 25(1): 22-25 DOI: 10.1186/s40064-015-1437-1.
Nadeau, M. P., Dunphy, G. B. and Boisvert, J. L., (1996), Development of Erynia conica (Zygomycetes: Entomophthorales) on the cuticle of the adult black flies Simulium decorum (Diptera: Simuliidae), J. Invertebr. Pathol., 68: 50-58 DOI:10.1006/jipa.1996.0057.
Polar, P., Muro, M. A., Kairo, M. T., Moore, D., Pegram, R., John, S. A. and Roach B, C., (2005), Thermal characteristics of Metarhizium anisopliae isolates important for the development of biological pesticides for the control of cattle ticks. Vet. Parasitol., 134: 159-67 DOI:10.1016/j.vetpar.2005.07.010.
Rangel, D. E., Alston, D. G. and Roberts, D. W., (2008), Effects of physical and nutritional stress conditions during mycelial growth on conidial germination speed, adhesion to host cuticle, and virulence of Metarhizium anisopliae, an entomopathogenic fungus. Mycol. Res., 112:1355-1361.
Rangel, D. E., Braga, G. U., Anderson, A. J. and Roberts, D. W., (2005), Variability in conidial thermo-tolerance of Metarhizium anisopliae, isolates from different geographic origins. J. Invertebr. Pathol., 88(2): 116-125 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2004.11.007.
Rao, C., Devi, K. U. and Khan, P. A. A., (2006), Effect of combination treatment with entomopathogenic fungi Beauveria bassiana and Nomuraea rileyi (Hypocreales) on Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Biocontrol Sci. Technol., 16: 221-232 DOI: 10.1080/09583150500335632.
Sandhu, S. S., Sharma, A. K., Beniwal, V., Goel, G., Batra, P., Kumar, A., Jaglan, A. K. Sharma, S. and Malhotra, S., (2012), Myco- Biocontrol of Insect Pests: Factors Involved, Mechanism and Regulation, Journal of Pathogens., Article ID 126819, 10 pages, doi:10.1155/2012/126819.
Santiago, A, C., Maranhao, E. A. and Quesada, M, E., (2006), Host plant influences pathogenicity of Beauveria bassiana to Bemisia tabaci and its sporulation on cadavers. Bio Cont., 51: 519-532 DOI: 10.1007/s10526-005-5737-1.
Seth, R. K. and Sharma, V. P., (2002), Growth, development, reproductive competence and adult behaviour of Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) reared on different diets. Joint FAO/IAEA, Division of Nucl. Techniques (Vienna), 126: 15-22.
Silva, V. C. A., Barros, R., Edmilson, J., Jorge, M. E. and Torres, B., (2003), Susceptibility of Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) to the fungi Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill. and Metarhizium anisopliae (Metsch.) Sorok. Neotrop. Entomol., 32(4): 653-658 http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1519-566x2003000400016.
Thomas, S. R. and Elkinton, J. S., (2004). Pathogenicity and virulence. J. Invertebr. Pathol., 85: 146-151 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2004.01.006.
Tscharntke, T., Klein, A. M., Kruess, A., Dewenter, I. S. and Thies, C., (2005), Landscape perspectives on agricultural intensification and biodiversity ecosystem service management. Ecol. Lett. 8: 857- 874 DOI:10.1111/j.1461-0248.2005.00782.x.
Walstad, J. D., Anderson, R. F. and Stambaugh, W. J., (1970), Effects of environmental conditions on two species of muscardine fungi (Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae). J. Invertebr. Pathol,, 16: 221-226 DOI: 10.1016/0022-2011(70)90063-7.
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Thermo-tolerance characterization and bioassay of selected entomopathogenic fungal (EPF) isolates on larva of Spodoptera litura Fab. (2019). Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 11(1), 182-187. https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v11i1.2007
