Determination of anticholinesterase and antioxidant activities of methanol and water extracts of leaves and fruits of Chamaerops humilis L.
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Abstract
The present study was carried out to investigate the antioxidant activity of the water and methanol extracts of leaves and fruits extracts of Chamaerops humilis L. by using ABTS cation radicals and cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC). Anticholinesterase effect of the extracts was tested against both AChE and BChE using a microplate-reader assay based on the Ellman method. The methanol extracts of C. humilis leaves contained relatively higher content of flavonoids and total phenolics than those of fruits. All the extracts were found to have different levels of antioxidant activity in the systems tested. The leave extract showed the highest value of antioxidant activity, based on ABTS radical-scavenging activity, while the fruit water extract showed the highest value (0.53±0.50 µg/mL) of cupric reducing antioxidant activity. Our data indicates that both methanol and water fruit extract were active for BChE inhibition (31.65 ± 0.37 and 30.19 ± 0.56%) respectively, whereas, all leave extracts did not show any activity against BChE. The present study demonstrated that the methanol and water extracts fractions of C. humilis have different responses with different antioxidant methods. Our results suggest that the C. humilis could be used as a source of antioxidant agents and may be beneficial in the AD treatment.
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Keywords
Biological activity, Chamaerops humilis L., Methanol extract, Secondary metabolites, Water extract
References
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Bachman, D.L., Wolf, P.A., Linn, R.T. (1992). Prevalence of dementia and probable senile dementia of the Alzheimer type in the Framingham study. Neurology. 42: 115–119.
Beghalia, M., Ghalem, S., Allali, H., Beloutek, A., Marouf, A. (2008). Inhibition of calcium oxalate monohydrate crystal growth using Algerian medicinal plants, J. Med. Plants Res. 2: 66–70.
Bellakhdar, J., Claisse, R., Fleurentain, J., Younos, C. (1991). Repertory of standard herbal drugs in the Moroccan pharmacopoeia. J. Ethnopharmacol. 35: 123–143.
Benahmed-Bouhafsoun, A., Djied, S., Mouzaz, F., Kaid-Harche, M. (2013). Phytochemical composition and in vitro antioxidant activity of Chamaerops humilis L. extracts. Int. J. Pharm. Pharm. Sci. 5: 741–744.
Benmehdi, H., Hasnaoui, O., Benali, O., Salhi, F.(2012). Phytochemical investigation of leaves and fruits extracts of Chamaerops humilis L. J. Mater. Environ. Sci. 3 (2): 320–237.
Benmessaoud Left, D., Essaqui, A., Zertoubi, M., Azzi, M., Benaissa, M. (2014). Study of antioxidant activity and anticorrosion action of the methanol extract of dwarf palm leaves (Chamaerops humilis L.) from Morocco. J. Mater. Environ. Sci. 5: 887–898.
Bouhafsoun, A., Yilmaz, MA, Boukeloua, A., Temel, H., Kaid Harche, M. (2018).Simultaneous quantification of phenolic acids and flavonoids in Chamaerops humilis L. using LC–ESI-MS/MS. Food Sci. Technol (Campinas) [to appair]. doi:10.1590/fst.19917.
EL-Hilaly, J., Mohamed Hmammouchi, M., Lyoussi, B. (2003). Ethnobotanical studies and economic evaluation of medicinal plants in Taounate province (Northern Morocco). J. Ethnopharmacol. 86:149–158.
Ellman, G.L., Courtney, K.D., Andres, V., Featherstone, R.M. (1964). A new and rapid colorimetric determination of acetyl cholinesterase activity. Biochem. Pharmacol. 7: 88–95.
Gaamoussi, F., Israili, Z. H., Âlyousfi, B. (2010). Hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of an aquous extract of Chamaerops humilis leaves in obese, hyperglycemic and hyperlipidemic Meriones shawi rats. Pak. J. Pharm. Sci. 23: 212–219.
Gonçalves, S., Medronho, J., Moreira, E., Grosso, C., Andrade, P.B., Valentão, P., Romano, A. (2018). Bioactive properties of Chamaerops humilis L.: antioxidant and enzyme inhibiting activities of extracts from leaves, seeds, pulp and peel. Biotech. 8:88.
Hasnaoui, O., Benali, O., Bouazza, M., Benmehdi, H. (2013). Ethnobotanical approaches and phytochemical analysis of Chamaerops humilis L. (Arecaceae) in the area of Tlemcen (western Algeria). Res. J. Pharm. Biol. Chem. Sci. 4: 918.
Hirai, Y., Sanada, S., Ida, Y., Shoji, J. (1986). Studies on the Constituents of Palmae.The Constituent of Chamaerops humilis L. and Trachycarpus wagnerianus BECC. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 34: 82–87.
Hutzler, P., Fischbach, R., Heller, W., Jungblut, T. P., Reuber, S., Schmitz, R., Veit, M. (1998). Weissenbock, Schnitzler J. P. Tissue localization of phenolic compounds in plants by confocal laser scanning microscopy. J. Exp. Bot. 4: 953–965.
Jaen, JC., Gregor, Ve., Lee, C., Davis, R., Emmerling, M. (1996). Acetylcholinesterase inhibition by fused dihydroquinazoline compounds. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 6: 737–742.
Khoudali, S., Benmessaoud Left, D., Essaqui, A., Zertoubi, M., Azzi, M., Benaissa, M. (2014). Study of antioxidant activity and anticorrosion action of the methanol extract of dwarf palm leaves (Chamaerops humilis L.) from Morocco. J. Mater. Environ. Sci. 5 (3): 887–898.
Kuppusamy, S., Thavamani, P., Megharaj, M., Lee, Y. B., Naidu, R. (2016). Isolation and characterization of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) degrading, pH tolerant, N-fixing and P-solubilizing novel bacteria from manufactured gas plant (MGP) site soils. Environ. Technol. Innov. 6: 204–219.
Mohamed, A. A., Khalil, A. A., EL-Beltagi, H. E. S. (2009). Chemical compositions and antioxidant/antimicrobial activities of kaff maryam (Anastatica hierochuntica) and doum palm (Hyphaene thebaica) cultivated in Egypt. Biyoloji Bilimleri Arastirma Dergisi, 2: 71–79.
Moreno, M.I.N., Isla, M.I., Sampietro, A. R., Vattuone, M. A. (2000). Comparison of the free radical scavenging activity of propolis from several regions of Argentina. J. Ethnopharmacol. 71: 109–114.
Pinho, B. R., Ferreres, F., Valentão, P., Andrade, P. B. (2013). Nature as a source of metabolites with cholinesterase-inhibitory activity: an approach to Alzheimer ’s disease treatment. ?J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 65(12): 1681–1700.
Re, R., Pellegrini, N., Proteggente, A., Pannala, A., Yang, M., Rice-Evans, C., (1999). Antioxidant activity applying an improved ABTS radical cation decolorization assay. Free Radic. Biol. Med., 26: 1231–1237.
Silva, T., Reis, J., Teixeira, J., Borges, F.,(2014). Alzheimer’s disease, enzyme targets and drug discovery struggles: From natural products to drug prototypes. Ageing. Res. Rev. 15: 116–145.
Singh, V., Guizani, N., Essa, M. M., Hakkim, F. L. Rahman, M. S. (2012). Comparative analysis of total phenolics, flavonoid content and antioxidant profile of different date varieties (Phœnix dactylifera L.) from Sultanate of Oman. Int. Food Res. J. 19:1063–1070.
Slinkard, K., Singleton V. L. (1977). Total phenol analyses: Automation and comparison with manual methods. Am. J. Enology Vitic. 28: 49–55.
Williams, C. A., Harborne, J. B. (1973). Negatively charged flavones and tricin as chemosystematic markers in the Palmae. Phytochemistry. 12: 2417–2430.
Bachman, D.L., Wolf, P.A., Linn, R.T. (1992). Prevalence of dementia and probable senile dementia of the Alzheimer type in the Framingham study. Neurology. 42: 115–119.
Beghalia, M., Ghalem, S., Allali, H., Beloutek, A., Marouf, A. (2008). Inhibition of calcium oxalate monohydrate crystal growth using Algerian medicinal plants, J. Med. Plants Res. 2: 66–70.
Bellakhdar, J., Claisse, R., Fleurentain, J., Younos, C. (1991). Repertory of standard herbal drugs in the Moroccan pharmacopoeia. J. Ethnopharmacol. 35: 123–143.
Benahmed-Bouhafsoun, A., Djied, S., Mouzaz, F., Kaid-Harche, M. (2013). Phytochemical composition and in vitro antioxidant activity of Chamaerops humilis L. extracts. Int. J. Pharm. Pharm. Sci. 5: 741–744.
Benmehdi, H., Hasnaoui, O., Benali, O., Salhi, F.(2012). Phytochemical investigation of leaves and fruits extracts of Chamaerops humilis L. J. Mater. Environ. Sci. 3 (2): 320–237.
Benmessaoud Left, D., Essaqui, A., Zertoubi, M., Azzi, M., Benaissa, M. (2014). Study of antioxidant activity and anticorrosion action of the methanol extract of dwarf palm leaves (Chamaerops humilis L.) from Morocco. J. Mater. Environ. Sci. 5: 887–898.
Bouhafsoun, A., Yilmaz, MA, Boukeloua, A., Temel, H., Kaid Harche, M. (2018).Simultaneous quantification of phenolic acids and flavonoids in Chamaerops humilis L. using LC–ESI-MS/MS. Food Sci. Technol (Campinas) [to appair]. doi:10.1590/fst.19917.
EL-Hilaly, J., Mohamed Hmammouchi, M., Lyoussi, B. (2003). Ethnobotanical studies and economic evaluation of medicinal plants in Taounate province (Northern Morocco). J. Ethnopharmacol. 86:149–158.
Ellman, G.L., Courtney, K.D., Andres, V., Featherstone, R.M. (1964). A new and rapid colorimetric determination of acetyl cholinesterase activity. Biochem. Pharmacol. 7: 88–95.
Gaamoussi, F., Israili, Z. H., Âlyousfi, B. (2010). Hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of an aquous extract of Chamaerops humilis leaves in obese, hyperglycemic and hyperlipidemic Meriones shawi rats. Pak. J. Pharm. Sci. 23: 212–219.
Gonçalves, S., Medronho, J., Moreira, E., Grosso, C., Andrade, P.B., Valentão, P., Romano, A. (2018). Bioactive properties of Chamaerops humilis L.: antioxidant and enzyme inhibiting activities of extracts from leaves, seeds, pulp and peel. Biotech. 8:88.
Hasnaoui, O., Benali, O., Bouazza, M., Benmehdi, H. (2013). Ethnobotanical approaches and phytochemical analysis of Chamaerops humilis L. (Arecaceae) in the area of Tlemcen (western Algeria). Res. J. Pharm. Biol. Chem. Sci. 4: 918.
Hirai, Y., Sanada, S., Ida, Y., Shoji, J. (1986). Studies on the Constituents of Palmae.The Constituent of Chamaerops humilis L. and Trachycarpus wagnerianus BECC. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 34: 82–87.
Hutzler, P., Fischbach, R., Heller, W., Jungblut, T. P., Reuber, S., Schmitz, R., Veit, M. (1998). Weissenbock, Schnitzler J. P. Tissue localization of phenolic compounds in plants by confocal laser scanning microscopy. J. Exp. Bot. 4: 953–965.
Jaen, JC., Gregor, Ve., Lee, C., Davis, R., Emmerling, M. (1996). Acetylcholinesterase inhibition by fused dihydroquinazoline compounds. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 6: 737–742.
Khoudali, S., Benmessaoud Left, D., Essaqui, A., Zertoubi, M., Azzi, M., Benaissa, M. (2014). Study of antioxidant activity and anticorrosion action of the methanol extract of dwarf palm leaves (Chamaerops humilis L.) from Morocco. J. Mater. Environ. Sci. 5 (3): 887–898.
Kuppusamy, S., Thavamani, P., Megharaj, M., Lee, Y. B., Naidu, R. (2016). Isolation and characterization of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) degrading, pH tolerant, N-fixing and P-solubilizing novel bacteria from manufactured gas plant (MGP) site soils. Environ. Technol. Innov. 6: 204–219.
Mohamed, A. A., Khalil, A. A., EL-Beltagi, H. E. S. (2009). Chemical compositions and antioxidant/antimicrobial activities of kaff maryam (Anastatica hierochuntica) and doum palm (Hyphaene thebaica) cultivated in Egypt. Biyoloji Bilimleri Arastirma Dergisi, 2: 71–79.
Moreno, M.I.N., Isla, M.I., Sampietro, A. R., Vattuone, M. A. (2000). Comparison of the free radical scavenging activity of propolis from several regions of Argentina. J. Ethnopharmacol. 71: 109–114.
Pinho, B. R., Ferreres, F., Valentão, P., Andrade, P. B. (2013). Nature as a source of metabolites with cholinesterase-inhibitory activity: an approach to Alzheimer ’s disease treatment. ?J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 65(12): 1681–1700.
Re, R., Pellegrini, N., Proteggente, A., Pannala, A., Yang, M., Rice-Evans, C., (1999). Antioxidant activity applying an improved ABTS radical cation decolorization assay. Free Radic. Biol. Med., 26: 1231–1237.
Silva, T., Reis, J., Teixeira, J., Borges, F.,(2014). Alzheimer’s disease, enzyme targets and drug discovery struggles: From natural products to drug prototypes. Ageing. Res. Rev. 15: 116–145.
Singh, V., Guizani, N., Essa, M. M., Hakkim, F. L. Rahman, M. S. (2012). Comparative analysis of total phenolics, flavonoid content and antioxidant profile of different date varieties (Phœnix dactylifera L.) from Sultanate of Oman. Int. Food Res. J. 19:1063–1070.
Slinkard, K., Singleton V. L. (1977). Total phenol analyses: Automation and comparison with manual methods. Am. J. Enology Vitic. 28: 49–55.
Williams, C. A., Harborne, J. B. (1973). Negatively charged flavones and tricin as chemosystematic markers in the Palmae. Phytochemistry. 12: 2417–2430.
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Determination of anticholinesterase and antioxidant activities of methanol and water extracts of leaves and fruits of Chamaerops humilis L. (2019). Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 11(1), 144-148. https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v11i1.2001
