A comparative evaluation of bioagents and chemicals for the control of stalk rot of Sorghum caused by Dickeya dadantii
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Abstract
Stalk rot sorghum caused by Dickeya dadantii (syn. Erwinia chrysanthemi) is a devastating sorghum disease and is highly detrimental to sorghum cultivation in tarai region of India. The bacterium disrupts and disintegrates vascular bundles of sorghum stem manifesting slimy soft rot symptom. In vitro studies on bioagents and chemicals revealed that among bioagents assessed Pseudomonas fluorescens strain Psf-173 and Trichoderma harzianum strain Th-14 surpassed the other biological control agents whereas among chemicals, oxytetracycline and tetracycline were outstanding than other chemicals and their combination products used for the control of stalk rot of Sorghum caused by D. dadantii. Field trial with pre-plant soil application had maximum reduction in disease severity in treatment with antibiotic oxytetracycline (28.18%) whereas trial with pre-plant soil application with one (34.49%) and two foliar spray (37.03%) showed maximum reduction in disease severity in treatment with P. fluorescens strain Psf-173. All the three field trials involving pre-plant soil application, pre-plant soil application and one foliar spray and trial with pre-plant soil application and two foliar spray revealed that biological control agent P. fluorescens strain Psf-173 alleviates symptom of stalk rot of sorghum and stimulates seed germination and plant growth.
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Keywords
Dickeya dadantii, oxytetracycline, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Stalk rot, Sorghum
References
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Chakravarti, B.P. and Rangarajan, M. (1966). Streptocycline, an effective antibiotic against bacterial Plant pathogens. Hindustan Antibiotic Bulletin. 8: 209-211.
Christensen J.J. and Wilcoxson R.D. (1966). Stalk rot of corn. Monograph No.3. American Phytopathological Society, p 59
Christiano R.S.C., Reilly C.C., Miller W.P. and Scherm H. (2010). Oxytetracyclin dynamics on peach leaves in relation to temperature, sunlight, and simulated rain. Plant Disease, 94: 1213–1218.
Cronin, D., Moeenne-Loccoz, Y., Fenton, A., Dunne, C., Dowling, D.N. and Fergal O’Gara. (1997). Ecological interaction of a biocontrol Pseudomonas fluorescens strain producing 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol with the soft rot potato pathogen Erwinia carotovora subsp. atroseptica. FEMS Microbiology Ecology, 23: 95-106.
Hajhamed, A.A., Wafaa, M., Abd El-Sayed, A., Abou El-Yazied and Abd El-Ghaffar, N.Y. (2007). Suppression of bacterial soft rot disease of potato. Egypt. Journal of Phytopathology, 35 (2): 69-80.
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Hepperly and Ramos-Davila. (1987). Erwinia chrysanthemi Burk., McFaddan Dimock: a bacterial whorl and stalk rot pathogen of sorghum (Sorghum bicolour [L.] Moench). Journal of Agriculture of the University of Puerto Rico. 71 (3): 265-275.
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Kumar, A., Hunjan, M.S., Kaur, H., Singh, P.P. and Kaur, R. (2016). Evaluation of management of bacterial stalk rot of maize (Dickeya zeae) using bio-agents and chemical agents. Journal of Applied & Natural Science. 8(3): 1146-51.
Mahmood, S.A.Z.; Ishac, Y.Z.; Abdel-IIafez, A.M.; Farag, N.S. and Fawzi, F.G. (1981). Sensitivity of soft rot bacteria to antibiotics and the role of ampicillin-resistant mutants in rot development. Research Bulletin Faculty of Agriculture, Ain shams University, No.1595, 16 pp.
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Nagaraj, M.S., Umashankar, N., Palanna, K.B. and Khan, A.N.A. (2012). Etiology and management of tip-over disease of banana by using biological agents. International Journal of Advanced Biological Research. 2(3): 483-86.
Parashar, R. D. and Sindhan, G. S. (1988) Efficacy of klorocin and other chemicals in controlling soft rot of potato in field and storage. Indian Journal of Mycology and Plant Pathology. 18:39-42.
Rangarajan, M. and Chakravarti, B.P. (1969). Efficacy of antibiotics and fungicides against corn stalk rot bacteria. Hindustan Antibiotic Bulletin.11(3):177.
Rosales, A.A., Thomashow, L., Cook, R.J. and Mew, T.W. (1995). Isolation and identification of antifungal metabolites produced by rice-associated antagonistic Pseudomonas spp. Phytopathology, 85: 1028-1032.
Saini, L.C. and Parashar, R.D. (1981) Efficacy of stable bleaching powder in controlling soft rot and black leg of potato. Indian Phytopathology, 33:409-414
Saxena, S.C., Mughogho, L.K. and Pande, S. (1991). Stalk rot and top rot of sorghum caused by Erwinia chrysanthemi. Indian Journal of Microbiology, 31 (4): 435-441.
Skidmore, A. M., & Dickinson, C. H. (1976). Colony interactions and hyphal interference between Septoria nodorum and phylloplane fungi. Transactions of the British Mycological Society, 66(1):57-64.
Sinha, S. K., and Prasad, M. (1977). Studies on certain aspects of chemical control of bacterial stalk rot disease of maize. Zentralblatt für Bakteriologie, Parasitenkunde, Infektionskrankheiten und Hygiene. Zweite Naturwissenschaftliche Abteilung: Allgemeine, Landwirtschaftliche und Technische Mikrobiologie, 132(1), 89-92.
Thind, B.S. and Payak, M.M. (1985). A review of bacterial stalk rot of maize in India. Tropical Pest Management, 31 (4): 311-316.
Thomashow, L.S. and Weller, D.M. (1988). Role of a phenazine antibiotic from Pseudomonas fluorescens in biological control of Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici. Journal of Bacteriology, 170: 3499-3508.
Verma, J.P. (2012). The Bacteria.4th edition. Malhotra Publishing House, New Delhi. p227.
Xu, G.W. and Gross, D.C. (1986). Field evaluations of the interactions among fluorescent Pseudomonads, Erwinia carotovora, and yields. Phytopathology, 76: 423-430.
Zummo, N. (1969). Bacterial soft rot, a new disease of sweet sorghum. Phytopathology, 59:119.
Burr, T., Schroth, M.N. and Suslow, T. (1978). Increased potato yields by treatment of seed pieces with specific strains of Pseudomonas fluorescens and P. putida. Phytopathology, 68: 1377-1383.
Chakravarti, B.P. and Rangarajan, M. (1966). Streptocycline, an effective antibiotic against bacterial Plant pathogens. Hindustan Antibiotic Bulletin. 8: 209-211.
Christensen J.J. and Wilcoxson R.D. (1966). Stalk rot of corn. Monograph No.3. American Phytopathological Society, p 59
Christiano R.S.C., Reilly C.C., Miller W.P. and Scherm H. (2010). Oxytetracyclin dynamics on peach leaves in relation to temperature, sunlight, and simulated rain. Plant Disease, 94: 1213–1218.
Cronin, D., Moeenne-Loccoz, Y., Fenton, A., Dunne, C., Dowling, D.N. and Fergal O’Gara. (1997). Ecological interaction of a biocontrol Pseudomonas fluorescens strain producing 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol with the soft rot potato pathogen Erwinia carotovora subsp. atroseptica. FEMS Microbiology Ecology, 23: 95-106.
Hajhamed, A.A., Wafaa, M., Abd El-Sayed, A., Abou El-Yazied and Abd El-Ghaffar, N.Y. (2007). Suppression of bacterial soft rot disease of potato. Egypt. Journal of Phytopathology, 35 (2): 69-80.
Hebbar, K.P., Davey, A.G., Merrin, J., McLoughlin, T.J. and Dart, P.J. (1992). Pseudomonas cepacia, a potential suppressor of maize soil-borne diseases—Seed inoculation and maize root colonization. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 24 (10): 999-1007.
Hedges, A.J. (1999). The influence of factors affecting the critical population density of inoculation on the determination of bacterial susceptibility to antibiotics by disc diffusion methods. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. 43: 313.
Hepperly and Ramos-Davila. (1987). Erwinia chrysanthemi Burk., McFaddan Dimock: a bacterial whorl and stalk rot pathogen of sorghum (Sorghum bicolour [L.] Moench). Journal of Agriculture of the University of Puerto Rico. 71 (3): 265-275.
Hseu, S.H., Kuo, K.C., Lin, H.F. and Lin, C.Y. (2008). Bacterial stalk rot of sorghum occurred in Kimmen area caused by Erwinia chrysanthemi. Plant Pathology Bulletin 17: 257-262.
Karkouri, A.E., Hassani, F.Z. E., Mzibri, M.E., Benlemlih, M.E. and Hassouni, M. (2010). Isolation and Identification of an Actinomycete Strain with a Biocontrol Effect on the phytopathogenic Erwinia chrysanthemi 3937VIII Responsible for Soft Rot Disease. Annals of Microbiology. 60(2): 263-68.
Kumar, A., Hunjan, M.S., Kaur, H., Singh, P.P. and Kaur, R. (2016). Evaluation of management of bacterial stalk rot of maize (Dickeya zeae) using bio-agents and chemical agents. Journal of Applied & Natural Science. 8(3): 1146-51.
Mahmood, S.A.Z.; Ishac, Y.Z.; Abdel-IIafez, A.M.; Farag, N.S. and Fawzi, F.G. (1981). Sensitivity of soft rot bacteria to antibiotics and the role of ampicillin-resistant mutants in rot development. Research Bulletin Faculty of Agriculture, Ain shams University, No.1595, 16 pp.
Morton, D.J. and Stroube, W.H. (1955). Antagonistic and stimulating effects of soil microorganism of Sclerotium. Phytopathology, 45: 417-420.
Nagaraj, M.S., Umashankar, N., Palanna, K.B. and Khan, A.N.A. (2012). Etiology and management of tip-over disease of banana by using biological agents. International Journal of Advanced Biological Research. 2(3): 483-86.
Parashar, R. D. and Sindhan, G. S. (1988) Efficacy of klorocin and other chemicals in controlling soft rot of potato in field and storage. Indian Journal of Mycology and Plant Pathology. 18:39-42.
Rangarajan, M. and Chakravarti, B.P. (1969). Efficacy of antibiotics and fungicides against corn stalk rot bacteria. Hindustan Antibiotic Bulletin.11(3):177.
Rosales, A.A., Thomashow, L., Cook, R.J. and Mew, T.W. (1995). Isolation and identification of antifungal metabolites produced by rice-associated antagonistic Pseudomonas spp. Phytopathology, 85: 1028-1032.
Saini, L.C. and Parashar, R.D. (1981) Efficacy of stable bleaching powder in controlling soft rot and black leg of potato. Indian Phytopathology, 33:409-414
Saxena, S.C., Mughogho, L.K. and Pande, S. (1991). Stalk rot and top rot of sorghum caused by Erwinia chrysanthemi. Indian Journal of Microbiology, 31 (4): 435-441.
Skidmore, A. M., & Dickinson, C. H. (1976). Colony interactions and hyphal interference between Septoria nodorum and phylloplane fungi. Transactions of the British Mycological Society, 66(1):57-64.
Sinha, S. K., and Prasad, M. (1977). Studies on certain aspects of chemical control of bacterial stalk rot disease of maize. Zentralblatt für Bakteriologie, Parasitenkunde, Infektionskrankheiten und Hygiene. Zweite Naturwissenschaftliche Abteilung: Allgemeine, Landwirtschaftliche und Technische Mikrobiologie, 132(1), 89-92.
Thind, B.S. and Payak, M.M. (1985). A review of bacterial stalk rot of maize in India. Tropical Pest Management, 31 (4): 311-316.
Thomashow, L.S. and Weller, D.M. (1988). Role of a phenazine antibiotic from Pseudomonas fluorescens in biological control of Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici. Journal of Bacteriology, 170: 3499-3508.
Verma, J.P. (2012). The Bacteria.4th edition. Malhotra Publishing House, New Delhi. p227.
Xu, G.W. and Gross, D.C. (1986). Field evaluations of the interactions among fluorescent Pseudomonads, Erwinia carotovora, and yields. Phytopathology, 76: 423-430.
Zummo, N. (1969). Bacterial soft rot, a new disease of sweet sorghum. Phytopathology, 59:119.
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A comparative evaluation of bioagents and chemicals for the control of stalk rot of Sorghum caused by Dickeya dadantii. (2018). Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 10(3), 1053-1058. https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v10i3.1862
