Evaluation of ground water quality near Chandi Devi bridge solid waste dumping site at Hairdwar city, (Uttarakhand), India : A case study
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Abstract
The present study observed groundwater quality around Chandi Devi bridge open dumping site at Hardwar (Uttarakhand), India. Five experimental sites viz. sites 2,3 and 5 (hand pumps) and two sites 4,6 (tubewells) within the vicinity of the dumpsite and a reference site viz. site 1 (hand pump) (Bilkeshwar temple) as a control about 5000 meter away, were selected to ascertain the influence of solid waste dumping on groundwater quality around the area. The study showed that physicochemical parameters viz temperature, colour, turbidity, pH, hardness, BOD, COD, fluoride and heavy metals ( lead and iron) of the ground water near the dumping sites-2,3,4,5,6 were higher than their counterpart parameters of the ground water at control site. However, arsenic was not detected in any sample of all the sites. The parameters viz., colour (2.08-3.49 hazen), turbidity (3.05-5.35 NTU), odour (agreeable), pH (7.46-7.80),fluoride (0.10-0.38 ppm), lead (0.00-0.032 ppm), iron (0.01-0.03 ppm) of ground water of all experimental sites were within permissible limits while the parameters BOD (3.73-3.21 ppm), hardness (240.41-203.15 ppm) at site-2, site-3 and DO (5.38-6.28 ppm) of all experimental sites were not found within permissible limits as prescribed by Bureau of Indian standards (2012). Although water was safe for drinking which may be due to higher infiltration rate of river Ganga and Eastern Ganga Canal water but higher value of temperature (oC), colour (hazen), turbidity (ppm), hardness (ppm), BOD (ppm), COD (ppm) fluoride (ppm), iron (ppm) and lead (ppm) at site- 2 was quite alarming. The study would help in making public awareness for waste sorting, adopting green technology and to predict level of contaminants in ground water produced by land filling dumping site.
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Keywords
Ground water, Chandighat duumping site, Haridwar, Heavy metals, Physico-chemical parameters
References
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Khaja Shameem Mohammed Abdul, Sudheera Sammanthi Jaysinghe,Ediriweera P.S. Chandana, Channa Javasumana, P.Mangala C.S. De Silva (2015) Arsenic and human health effects: A review, Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology, Vol. 40 (3),: 828-846.
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Martin, S., Griswold, W. (2009). Human health effects of heavy metals. Environmental Science and Technology Briefs for Citizens. (15):1–6.
Mishra Swopna, Kumar Mohanty Saswat and Prakash Swoyam (2013). Physicochemical analysis of ground water near municipal solid waste dumping site in Bhubaneswar municipal corporation, Odisha.IJPAES,Vol. 3(3),: 5-16.
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Shenbagarani, S. (2013). Analysis of groundwater quality near the solid waste dumping site at Tamilnadu, Journal Of Environmental Science, Toxicology And Food Technology) e-ISSN: 2319-2402,p- ISSN: 2319-2399. Vol.4 ( 2) ,:01-05.
Sacramento, C.A. (1963). In.Water quality criteria 2nd ed. Callifornia state water quality control board: 283.
Sahni Kavita., Sahni Anirudh., and Gautam Abhishek. (2010) Assessment of Drinking Water Quality of Jaipur Main and its Various Suburb Railway Stations with Special Mention to Fluoride, Current World Environment.Vol.5(2),: 293-298
Saha, J.C., Dikshit, A.K., Bandopadhyay, M., Saha, K.C.(2010). Review of Arsenic poisoning and its effects on human health. Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology Vol. 29, :281-313.
Sangodoyin, A.Y. and Agbawhe (1992). Environmental study on surface and groundwater pollutants from abattoir effluents. Biores. Tech. 41:193-200.
Soujanya, B. Kamble (2016). Characterization of leachate and its effects on ground water quality around Jawaharnagar municipal open dumpsite, Rangareddy, Telangana, Current World Environment Vol. 11(1),: 114-125.
Subba Rao (1998). A manual of practical methods in environmental sciences. Andhra University Visakhapatnam: 32.
Yadav, J.P. and Lata, Suman (2003). Pollution of fluoride in ground water in Bahadurgarh block of district Jhajjar, Haryana. I.J.E.P., 23 (6),: 680-686.
APHA (2005).Standard methods for the examination of water and waste water, American Public ealth Association, 19th edition, 1015, Fifteenth Street, NW, Vol.1(1),: 10-150.
Asthana,D.K and Asthana, Meera (2004).A text book of environmental studies, pp-187, S.Chand publication New Delhi ISBN-81-219-2764-1
Aurangabadkar, K., Swaminathan, K., Sandhya, S., Uma, T.S, Jothikumar, N. and Paramasivam, R. (2001). Ground water quality around a municipal solid waste dump site at Chennai. I.J.E.P.Vol. 21(4),: 323-327.
Berner-Kay, E., Berner, R.A. (1987). The global water cycle, geochemistry and environment. englewood Cliffs: Prentice Hall (396pp)
BIS (2012) . Bureau of Indian Standrads Manak Bhavan 9, Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg New Delhi- 110002
Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) (2015). Consolidated annual review report prepared in compliance to the provision 8(2) of the MSW Rules, 2000, India: Ministry of Environment and Forest, New Delhi.
Census (2011).Population census of city Retrieved from www.census2011.co.in/city.php
Dermatas, D, Mpouras, T, Chrysochoou, M. (2015). Origin and concentration profile of chromium in a Greek aquifer. Journal of Hazardous Materials. Vol.281,: 35–46.
Dermatas, D. and Panagiotakis, I (2012). Encyclopedia of Sustainability Science and Technology. In: Meyers, RA (ed.). Remediation of contaminated soil. New York, USA: Springer-Verlag, :2430–2454.
Deshpande Leena, Tahcker Neeta, Ghosh Chandana, Singh Kumari Sandhya and Madan Nanoti (2005). Water quality status of Murda village in Ramtek tahsil. J. of Env.Sci.and Engg. Vol.47(2),: 161-163.
DGHS (2016). http://dghs.gov.in content/1355_3_ NationalProgrammePreventionControl.aspx
Edo, F. A, C. C. Ejiogu, A. P. Uzoije, M. A. Nwachukwu and C. G. Okoli (2014). Impact of Open Sewage Dumpsites on Groundwater Quality in Igwuruta, Rivers State, Nigeria journal of global biosciences issn 2320-1355.Vol. 3( 6),: 919-930
Gautam A, Pathak G, Sahni A. (2011) Assessment of ground water quality at municipal solid waste dumping Site-Sewapura, Jaipur. Curr World Environ. Vol. 1(6),: 279-282.
Govardhan, V. (1990).Ground water pollution hazardous to human life- A case study of Nalgonda district. I.J.E.P. Vol.10 (1),: 54-61.
Karthika, Ignatius Navis , Thara, K and Dheenadayalan, M.S. (2018). Physico-chemical study of the ground water quality at selected locations in Periyakulam, Theni district, Tamilnadu, India. Materials Today Proceedings Vol. 5 ( 1-1),: 422–428.
Khaja Shameem Mohammed Abdul, Sudheera Sammanthi Jaysinghe,Ediriweera P.S. Chandana, Channa Javasumana, P.Mangala C.S. De Silva (2015) Arsenic and human health effects: A review, Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology, Vol. 40 (3),: 828-846.
Ikem, A., Osibanjo, O., Sridhar, M.K.C. and Sobande, A. (2002). Evaluation of ground water quality characteristics near two waste sites in Ibadan and Lagos, Nigeria. Water, Air and Soil pollution.Vol. 140, : 307-333.
Krcmar Dejan, Tenodi Slaven,Nenad Grba, Kerkez Djurdja, Watson Malcolm, Ron?evi? Srdjan, Dalmacija Božo (2018). Preremedial assessment of the municipal landfill pollution impact on soil and shallow groundwater in Subotica, Serbia Science of The Total Environment Vol. 615, : 1341-1354.
Kumar Anju Anil, Dipu Sukumaran, Salom Gnana Thanga Vincent (2015). Effect of municipal solid waste leachate on ground water quality of Thiruvananthapuram District, Ker. Applied Ecology and Environmental Sciences. Vol. 3(5),: 151-157.
Kundu, N., Panigrahi, M.K., Tripathy, S., Munshi, S., Powell, M.A., Haul, B.R.(2001).Geochemcial appraisal of fluoride contamination of groundwater in the Nayagarh district of Orissa, India. Environmental Geology.Vol. 41,: 451-460.
Kurakalva R.M, .Aradhi, K.K, .Mallela, K.Y and Venkatayogi, S. (2016). Assessment of groundwater quality in and around the Jawaharnagar municipal solid waste dumping site at greater Hyderabad, southern India procedia Environmental Sciences.Vol. 35,: 328 – 336.
Lalitha, S., Kasthuri, R., Kalaivani, D., Banumathi, K. and Akilandeshwari, L. (2003). Impact of sewage disposal on quality of water near Chinthamani, Tiruchirapalli, I.J.E.P. Vol. 23 (11),:1268-1271.
Lenntech Water Treatment and Air Purification (2004). Water Treatment. Published by Lenntech, Rotterdamseweg. Available online at: www.excelwater.com/thp/filters/Water-Purification.htm
Mahesha Nagraja Naik and Rajendra Prasad, N.R. (2004). Physicochemical characteristics of bore well water in Arsikere Taluk, Hassan. I.J.E.P. Vol. 24 (12),: 897-904.
Martin, S., Griswold, W. (2009). Human health effects of heavy metals. Environmental Science and Technology Briefs for Citizens. (15):1–6.
Mishra Swopna, Kumar Mohanty Saswat and Prakash Swoyam (2013). Physicochemical analysis of ground water near municipal solid waste dumping site in Bhubaneswar municipal corporation, Odisha.IJPAES,Vol. 3(3),: 5-16.
Mohammad Zafar, Kumar Dinesh and Alappat, B.J. (2002). Charactersitcs of leachate from a MSW land fill in Delhi. Ind.J. Env.Prot. Vol. 22(10),: 1120-1126.
National Ground Water Association (NGSA) (2016) Facts About Global Groundwater Usage. Ohio, USA: National Ground Water Association.
Panda, S.P., Mishra, C.S.K., Muduli, R., Behera, D.K. and Jung, Wk, Kim (2004). Water quality assessment for wells located near municipal waste dumping sites in Bhubaneswar city, India. Environmental Book, Vol.42.
Patil Chidanand, Narayanakar Shreekant and Virupakshi Arjun (2013). Assessment of groundwater quality around solid waste landfill area, International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology Vol. 2 (7),:3131-3136.
Roy, M.K.P.(2004) Review of Studies http://www.krpcds.org/publication/downloads/56.pdf.
Royee, M.K.P. and Prakasam, V.R. (2003). Water characteristics of dug and tube wells of kollam municipality. I.J.E.P. Vol.23 (6),: 607-612.
Shenbagarani, S. (2013). Analysis of groundwater quality near the solid waste dumping site at Tamilnadu, Journal Of Environmental Science, Toxicology And Food Technology) e-ISSN: 2319-2402,p- ISSN: 2319-2399. Vol.4 ( 2) ,:01-05.
Sacramento, C.A. (1963). In.Water quality criteria 2nd ed. Callifornia state water quality control board: 283.
Sahni Kavita., Sahni Anirudh., and Gautam Abhishek. (2010) Assessment of Drinking Water Quality of Jaipur Main and its Various Suburb Railway Stations with Special Mention to Fluoride, Current World Environment.Vol.5(2),: 293-298
Saha, J.C., Dikshit, A.K., Bandopadhyay, M., Saha, K.C.(2010). Review of Arsenic poisoning and its effects on human health. Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology Vol. 29, :281-313.
Sangodoyin, A.Y. and Agbawhe (1992). Environmental study on surface and groundwater pollutants from abattoir effluents. Biores. Tech. 41:193-200.
Soujanya, B. Kamble (2016). Characterization of leachate and its effects on ground water quality around Jawaharnagar municipal open dumpsite, Rangareddy, Telangana, Current World Environment Vol. 11(1),: 114-125.
Subba Rao (1998). A manual of practical methods in environmental sciences. Andhra University Visakhapatnam: 32.
Yadav, J.P. and Lata, Suman (2003). Pollution of fluoride in ground water in Bahadurgarh block of district Jhajjar, Haryana. I.J.E.P., 23 (6),: 680-686.
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Evaluation of ground water quality near Chandi Devi bridge solid waste dumping site at Hairdwar city, (Uttarakhand), India : A case study. (2018). Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 10(2), 681-689. https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v10i2.1767
