GIS based modeling using Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) for optimization of landfill site selection of Rohtak city, Haryana (India)
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Abstract
Landfills are the most common method for the disposal of municipal solid waste the world over, as well as in India due to their low technical and economic requirements. The selection of an appropriate site for the establishment of a landfill is a complex process because it must combine social, environmental and technical parameters. The scientific selection of landfill site is based on several diverse criteria (Land Use and Land Cover, ground water table depth, soil permeability, surface water, roads distance, slop etc) and regulations. The study presents the selection of a site for the establishment of a landfill based on several criteria using geographic information system (GIS) based site suitability modeling and analytical hierarchy process (AHP). Site suitability modeling was implemented using Boolean and Index overlay models. Each criterion and sub criteria was evaluated with the aid of AHP to assign a relative weightage in the index overlay model. Rules and criteria’s set by Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) and Central Public Health and Environmental Engineering Organisation (CPHEEO) were implemented through Boolean model. The combination of the results of the two models generated a map with several suitable sites. Further selection was done on basis of the size requirement of the site, to handle Municipal solid waste (MSW) for next ten years. Two sites having the maximum suitability and also fulfilling the size requirement were shortlisted. Final selection from the two sites was done by a field survey of the sites. Finally the site B was selected on the basis of field survey which revealed it being better on account of certain factors discussed and social acceptability.
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Keywords
Analytical hierarchy process, Boolean model, GIS, Index overlay model Landfill, MSW
References
Ahmad, S.R., and Mahmood, K.(2015). GIS based landfill site selection for Faisalbad city. International Journal of Scientific & Engineerign Research, 6(4):67-72
Alavi, N., Goudarzi, G., Babaei, A.A., Jaafarzadeh, H.N., Hosseinzadeh, M (2013). Municipal solid waste landfill site selection with geographic information systems and analytical hierarchy process: a case study in Mahshahr County, Iran. Waste Management and Research, 31(1):98-105.
Alanbari, M.A., Al-Ansari, N., and Jasmin, H.K (2014). GIS and multicriteria decision analysis for Landfill site selection in Al-Hashemiyah Qadaa. Natural Science, Vol.6, pp. 282-304, http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ns.2014.65532.
Baba, M.E., Kayastha, P., Smedt, F.D., (2015). Landfill site selection using multi-criteria evaluation in the GIS interface: a case study from the Gaza Strip, Palestine. Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 8, 7499-7513.
Baban, S. M. J. and Flannagan, J., (1998). “Developing and implementing GIS-assisted constraints criteria for planning landfill sites in the UK.” Planning Practice and Research, 13(2.): 39-151, DOI: 10.1080/ 02697459816157.
Barakat, A., Hilal, A., Baghdadi, M.E., Tauhami, F., (2017). Landfill site selection with GIS-based multi-criteria evaluation technique. A case study in Beni Mellal-Khouridga region, Morocco, Environmental Earth Sciences, 76:413.
Cengiz, T., Akbulak, C., (2009). Application of analytical hierarchy process and geographic information systems in land-use suitability evaluation: a case study of Dumrek village (Canakkale, Turkey), International Journal of Sustainable Development & World Ecology,16(4);286-294.http: dx.doi.org /10. 1081 /1350 4500903106634.
Central Pollution COntrol Board (CPCB), New Delhi, (1999). Deveopment of site selection methodology for land filling- A case study for Bangalore, Hazardous Waste Management Series, HAZWAMS/22/2002-03,12.
Chakbuk, A., Al-Ansari, N., Hussain, H.M., (2016). Landfill site selection using geographic information system and analytical hierarchy process: A case study Al-Hillah Qadha, Babylon, Iraq. Waste Management & Research., 34, 5:427-437. https://doi.org/10.117/0734242x16633778.
Chang, N, Parvathinathanb, G, Breden, J.B., 2008. Combining GIS with fuzzy multicriteria decision making for landfill siting in a fast-growing urban region. Journal of Environmental Management 87: 139–153.
Dipanjan, S., Vinod, T., Onkar, D., 1997. Ranking potential solid waste sites using geographic information system techniques and AHP, National Seminar on Applications of GIS for Solving Environmental Problems Chennai, 98-106.
Djokanovic, S., Abolmasov, B., Jevremovic, D., 2016. GIS application for landfill site selection: a case study in Pancevo Serbia. Bull Eng. Geol. Environ., 75:1273-1299.
Eastman, J.R., Jin, W., Kyem, P.A.K., Toledano, J., 1995. Procedures for multi-criteria/multiobjective decisions. Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, 61:539-547.
Gemitzi, A., Petalas, C., Tsihrintzis, V.A., Pisinaras, V., (2007). Assessment of groundwater vulnerability to pollution: a combination of GIS, fuzzy logic and decision making techniques. Environmental Geology 49 (5), 653–673.
Guler, D., Yomralioglu, T., (2017). Alternative suitable landfill site selection using analytic hierarchy process and geographic information systems: a case study in Istanbul. Environmental Earth Sciences, 676-678.
Guiqin W, Li Q, Guoxue L, Lijun C., 2009. Landfill site selection using spatial information technologies and AHP: a case study in Beijing, China. J Environ Eng 90:2414–2421.
Hejal, D.A., and Monereh, M., (2013). GIS and the analytic hierarchy process methods for site selection of waste landfills: a case study in Iran. International Journal of Geology, Earth and Environmental Sciences, 3(3):96-104.
Kontos, T.D., Komilis, D.P., Halvadakis, C.P., (2005). Siting MSW landfill with a spatial multiple criteria analysis methodology. Waste Management, 25:818-832.
Kontos T, Komilis D, Halvadakis C., 2003. Siting MSW landfills on Lesvos island with a GIS based methodology. Waste Manag Res,21:262–277.
Khan, D., Samadder, S.R., 2015. A simplified multi-criteria evaluation model for landfill site ranking and selection based on AHP and GIS, J. Environ. Eng. Landsc. Manage., 23(4):267-278.
Lin, H. and Kao, J., 1998. Enhanced Spatial Model for Landfill Siting Analysis. Environmental Engineering, 125 (9): 845–851.
Matic´ I, Martinovic´ M, Vujasinovic´ S., 2005.Determination of sanitary protection of groundwater sources Panc?evo. The 14th Congress of Geologists of Serbia and Montenegro.
Malczewski, J., 2004. GIS- based land-use suitability analysis: a critical overview. Progress in Planning, 62(1):3-65.
Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climate Change (MoEFCC), 2016. Solid waste management rules revised after 16 years; rules now extend to urban and industrial areas: Javedkar. Central Monitoring Committee Under Environment Secretary to Monitor Implementation, press Information Bureau, Government of India (GoI).
Ministry of Urban Development, 2014. Municipal solid waste management manual, Central Public Health and Environmental Engineering Organisation (CPHEEO), Government of India.
Motlagh, Z.K., Sayadi, M.H., (2015). Siting MSW landfills using MCE methodology in GIS environment (Case study: Birjand plain, Iran), Waste Manag., 46:322-337.
Nascimento, V.F., Yesiller, N., Clarke, K.C., Ometto, J.P.H.B., Andrade, P.R., Sobral, A.C., 2017. Modeling the environmental susceptibility of landfill sites in California. GIScience & Remote Sensing, 1-21.
Nascimento, V.F.,Sobral, A.C., Andrade, P.R., Ometto, J.P.H.B., Yesiller, N., (2017). Modeling Environmental Susceptibility of Municipal Solid Waste Disposal Sites: A case study in Sao Paulo State, Brazil. Journal of Geographic Information System, 9:8-33.
Paul, K., Dutta A., Krishna, A.P., 2014.A comprehensive study on landfill site selection for Kolkata City, India. Journal of the Air and Waste Management Association, 64(7):846-861.
Paul, S., (2012). Location allocation for urban easte disposal site using multi-criteria analysis: A study on Nabadwip Municipality, West Bengal, India. International Journal of Geomatics and Geosciences, 3(1):74-88.
Poorna, A.C., Vinod, P.G., (2016). Solid waste disposal site selection by data analysis using GIS and Remote Sensing tools: A case study in Thiruvananthapuram Corporation area. International Journal of Geomatics and Geosciences, 6(4):1734-1747.
Pradhan, J and Samantha, K., (2015). Site suitability analysis using remote sensing and GIS for proper selection of solid waste disposal gound within Rajarhat Gopalpur Municipal area, Kolkata, West Bengal. International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, 6(4):67-72.
Rahmat, Z.G., Niri, M.V., Alavi, N., Goudary, G., Babaei, A.A., Baboli, Z., Hosseinzadah, M., (2017). Landfill site selection using GIS and AHP: a case study: Behbahan, Iran. KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering, 21(1):111-118. DOI 10.1007/s12205-016-0296-9.
Sadek, S., El?Fadel, M., Freiha, F., (2006). Compliance factors within a GIS-based framework for landfill siting. International Journal of Environmental Studies, 63, 71- 86
Samiullah, Rahman, A., Shah, S.A.A., Khan, Z., Nawaz, S., (2016). Identification of suitable sites for Solid Waste Disposal using GIS, Multi-criteria Analysis in Peshawar, Pakistan. Proceedings of the Pakistan Academy of Sciences, B.Life and Environmental Sciences, 53(4):309-321.
Swachh Bharat Mission, (2016). Municipal solid waste management manual, Central Public Health and Environmental Engineering Organisation (CPHEEO), Ministry of urban development, Government of India.
Saaty, T.L., Vargas, L.G., (1982). The Logic of Priorities; Applications in Business, Energy, Health, and Transportation, Boston: Kluwer-Nijhoff. Reprinted in Paperback (1991), Pittsburgh: RWS Publications.
Shahabi, H., Keihanfard, S., Ahmad, B.B., Amiri, M.J.T., (2014). Evaluating Boolean, AHP and WLC methods for the selection of waste landfill sites using GIS and satellite images. Environmental Earth Sciences, 71, 4221-4233.
Sener S, Sener E, Karaguzel R., (2011). Solid waste disposal site selection with GIS and AHP methodology: a case study in Senirkent—Uluborlu (Isparta) Basin, Turkey. Environ Monit Assess 173:533–554.
?ener, ?., ?ener, E., Nas, B., Karagüzel, R., (2010). Combining AHP with GIS for landfill site selection: A case study in the Lake Bey?ehir catchment area (Konya, Turkey). Waste Management, 30, 2037-2046.
Simsek C, Kincal C, Gunduz O (2006) A solid waste disposal site selection procedure based on groundwater vulnerability mapping. Environ Geol 49:620–633.
Solid Waste Management Rules, 2016. Ministry of Environment, Forestry and Climate change, Government of India.
Swachh Bharat Mission, 2016. Municipal solid waste management manual. CPHEEO, Ministry od Urban Development (MoUD)
Sumathi, V.R., Natesan, U., Chinmoy, S., 2008. GIS-based approach for optimized siting of municipal solid waste landfill. Waste Management, 28, 2146–2160.
Vasiljevic, T.Z., Srdjevic, Z., Bajcetic, R., Miloradov, M.V., 2012. GIS and the Analytic Hierarchy Process for Regional Landfill Site Selection in Transitional Countries: A Case Study From Serbia. Environmental Management, 49, 445–458.
Yal, G.P., Akgün, H., 2013. Landfill site selection utilizing TOPSIS methodology and clay liner geotechnical characterization: a case study for Ankara, Turkey. Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 73, 369-388.
Yahaya S, Ilori C, Whanda S, Edicha, J., 2010. Landfill site selection for municipal solid waste management using geographic information system and multicriteria evaluation. Am J Sci Res 10: 34–49.
Y?ld?r?m, V., 2012. Application of raster-based GIS techniques in the siting of landfills in Trabzon Province, Turkey: a case study. Waste Management & Research, 30, 949-960.
Y?ld?r?m, Ü., Güler, C., 2016. Identification of suitable future municipal solid waste disposal sites for the Metropolitan Mersin (SE Turkey) using AHP and GIS techniques. Environmental Earth Sciences, 75, 101.
Zelenovic´ Vasiljevic´ T, Srdjevic´ Z, Bajc?etic´ R, Vojinovic M., 2012. GIS and the analytic hierarchy process for regional landfill site selection in transitional countries: a case study from Serbia. Environ Manage 49:445–458.
Alavi, N., Goudarzi, G., Babaei, A.A., Jaafarzadeh, H.N., Hosseinzadeh, M (2013). Municipal solid waste landfill site selection with geographic information systems and analytical hierarchy process: a case study in Mahshahr County, Iran. Waste Management and Research, 31(1):98-105.
Alanbari, M.A., Al-Ansari, N., and Jasmin, H.K (2014). GIS and multicriteria decision analysis for Landfill site selection in Al-Hashemiyah Qadaa. Natural Science, Vol.6, pp. 282-304, http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ns.2014.65532.
Baba, M.E., Kayastha, P., Smedt, F.D., (2015). Landfill site selection using multi-criteria evaluation in the GIS interface: a case study from the Gaza Strip, Palestine. Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 8, 7499-7513.
Baban, S. M. J. and Flannagan, J., (1998). “Developing and implementing GIS-assisted constraints criteria for planning landfill sites in the UK.” Planning Practice and Research, 13(2.): 39-151, DOI: 10.1080/ 02697459816157.
Barakat, A., Hilal, A., Baghdadi, M.E., Tauhami, F., (2017). Landfill site selection with GIS-based multi-criteria evaluation technique. A case study in Beni Mellal-Khouridga region, Morocco, Environmental Earth Sciences, 76:413.
Cengiz, T., Akbulak, C., (2009). Application of analytical hierarchy process and geographic information systems in land-use suitability evaluation: a case study of Dumrek village (Canakkale, Turkey), International Journal of Sustainable Development & World Ecology,16(4);286-294.http: dx.doi.org /10. 1081 /1350 4500903106634.
Central Pollution COntrol Board (CPCB), New Delhi, (1999). Deveopment of site selection methodology for land filling- A case study for Bangalore, Hazardous Waste Management Series, HAZWAMS/22/2002-03,12.
Chakbuk, A., Al-Ansari, N., Hussain, H.M., (2016). Landfill site selection using geographic information system and analytical hierarchy process: A case study Al-Hillah Qadha, Babylon, Iraq. Waste Management & Research., 34, 5:427-437. https://doi.org/10.117/0734242x16633778.
Chang, N, Parvathinathanb, G, Breden, J.B., 2008. Combining GIS with fuzzy multicriteria decision making for landfill siting in a fast-growing urban region. Journal of Environmental Management 87: 139–153.
Dipanjan, S., Vinod, T., Onkar, D., 1997. Ranking potential solid waste sites using geographic information system techniques and AHP, National Seminar on Applications of GIS for Solving Environmental Problems Chennai, 98-106.
Djokanovic, S., Abolmasov, B., Jevremovic, D., 2016. GIS application for landfill site selection: a case study in Pancevo Serbia. Bull Eng. Geol. Environ., 75:1273-1299.
Eastman, J.R., Jin, W., Kyem, P.A.K., Toledano, J., 1995. Procedures for multi-criteria/multiobjective decisions. Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, 61:539-547.
Gemitzi, A., Petalas, C., Tsihrintzis, V.A., Pisinaras, V., (2007). Assessment of groundwater vulnerability to pollution: a combination of GIS, fuzzy logic and decision making techniques. Environmental Geology 49 (5), 653–673.
Guler, D., Yomralioglu, T., (2017). Alternative suitable landfill site selection using analytic hierarchy process and geographic information systems: a case study in Istanbul. Environmental Earth Sciences, 676-678.
Guiqin W, Li Q, Guoxue L, Lijun C., 2009. Landfill site selection using spatial information technologies and AHP: a case study in Beijing, China. J Environ Eng 90:2414–2421.
Hejal, D.A., and Monereh, M., (2013). GIS and the analytic hierarchy process methods for site selection of waste landfills: a case study in Iran. International Journal of Geology, Earth and Environmental Sciences, 3(3):96-104.
Kontos, T.D., Komilis, D.P., Halvadakis, C.P., (2005). Siting MSW landfill with a spatial multiple criteria analysis methodology. Waste Management, 25:818-832.
Kontos T, Komilis D, Halvadakis C., 2003. Siting MSW landfills on Lesvos island with a GIS based methodology. Waste Manag Res,21:262–277.
Khan, D., Samadder, S.R., 2015. A simplified multi-criteria evaluation model for landfill site ranking and selection based on AHP and GIS, J. Environ. Eng. Landsc. Manage., 23(4):267-278.
Lin, H. and Kao, J., 1998. Enhanced Spatial Model for Landfill Siting Analysis. Environmental Engineering, 125 (9): 845–851.
Matic´ I, Martinovic´ M, Vujasinovic´ S., 2005.Determination of sanitary protection of groundwater sources Panc?evo. The 14th Congress of Geologists of Serbia and Montenegro.
Malczewski, J., 2004. GIS- based land-use suitability analysis: a critical overview. Progress in Planning, 62(1):3-65.
Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climate Change (MoEFCC), 2016. Solid waste management rules revised after 16 years; rules now extend to urban and industrial areas: Javedkar. Central Monitoring Committee Under Environment Secretary to Monitor Implementation, press Information Bureau, Government of India (GoI).
Ministry of Urban Development, 2014. Municipal solid waste management manual, Central Public Health and Environmental Engineering Organisation (CPHEEO), Government of India.
Motlagh, Z.K., Sayadi, M.H., (2015). Siting MSW landfills using MCE methodology in GIS environment (Case study: Birjand plain, Iran), Waste Manag., 46:322-337.
Nascimento, V.F., Yesiller, N., Clarke, K.C., Ometto, J.P.H.B., Andrade, P.R., Sobral, A.C., 2017. Modeling the environmental susceptibility of landfill sites in California. GIScience & Remote Sensing, 1-21.
Nascimento, V.F.,Sobral, A.C., Andrade, P.R., Ometto, J.P.H.B., Yesiller, N., (2017). Modeling Environmental Susceptibility of Municipal Solid Waste Disposal Sites: A case study in Sao Paulo State, Brazil. Journal of Geographic Information System, 9:8-33.
Paul, K., Dutta A., Krishna, A.P., 2014.A comprehensive study on landfill site selection for Kolkata City, India. Journal of the Air and Waste Management Association, 64(7):846-861.
Paul, S., (2012). Location allocation for urban easte disposal site using multi-criteria analysis: A study on Nabadwip Municipality, West Bengal, India. International Journal of Geomatics and Geosciences, 3(1):74-88.
Poorna, A.C., Vinod, P.G., (2016). Solid waste disposal site selection by data analysis using GIS and Remote Sensing tools: A case study in Thiruvananthapuram Corporation area. International Journal of Geomatics and Geosciences, 6(4):1734-1747.
Pradhan, J and Samantha, K., (2015). Site suitability analysis using remote sensing and GIS for proper selection of solid waste disposal gound within Rajarhat Gopalpur Municipal area, Kolkata, West Bengal. International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, 6(4):67-72.
Rahmat, Z.G., Niri, M.V., Alavi, N., Goudary, G., Babaei, A.A., Baboli, Z., Hosseinzadah, M., (2017). Landfill site selection using GIS and AHP: a case study: Behbahan, Iran. KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering, 21(1):111-118. DOI 10.1007/s12205-016-0296-9.
Sadek, S., El?Fadel, M., Freiha, F., (2006). Compliance factors within a GIS-based framework for landfill siting. International Journal of Environmental Studies, 63, 71- 86
Samiullah, Rahman, A., Shah, S.A.A., Khan, Z., Nawaz, S., (2016). Identification of suitable sites for Solid Waste Disposal using GIS, Multi-criteria Analysis in Peshawar, Pakistan. Proceedings of the Pakistan Academy of Sciences, B.Life and Environmental Sciences, 53(4):309-321.
Swachh Bharat Mission, (2016). Municipal solid waste management manual, Central Public Health and Environmental Engineering Organisation (CPHEEO), Ministry of urban development, Government of India.
Saaty, T.L., Vargas, L.G., (1982). The Logic of Priorities; Applications in Business, Energy, Health, and Transportation, Boston: Kluwer-Nijhoff. Reprinted in Paperback (1991), Pittsburgh: RWS Publications.
Shahabi, H., Keihanfard, S., Ahmad, B.B., Amiri, M.J.T., (2014). Evaluating Boolean, AHP and WLC methods for the selection of waste landfill sites using GIS and satellite images. Environmental Earth Sciences, 71, 4221-4233.
Sener S, Sener E, Karaguzel R., (2011). Solid waste disposal site selection with GIS and AHP methodology: a case study in Senirkent—Uluborlu (Isparta) Basin, Turkey. Environ Monit Assess 173:533–554.
?ener, ?., ?ener, E., Nas, B., Karagüzel, R., (2010). Combining AHP with GIS for landfill site selection: A case study in the Lake Bey?ehir catchment area (Konya, Turkey). Waste Management, 30, 2037-2046.
Simsek C, Kincal C, Gunduz O (2006) A solid waste disposal site selection procedure based on groundwater vulnerability mapping. Environ Geol 49:620–633.
Solid Waste Management Rules, 2016. Ministry of Environment, Forestry and Climate change, Government of India.
Swachh Bharat Mission, 2016. Municipal solid waste management manual. CPHEEO, Ministry od Urban Development (MoUD)
Sumathi, V.R., Natesan, U., Chinmoy, S., 2008. GIS-based approach for optimized siting of municipal solid waste landfill. Waste Management, 28, 2146–2160.
Vasiljevic, T.Z., Srdjevic, Z., Bajcetic, R., Miloradov, M.V., 2012. GIS and the Analytic Hierarchy Process for Regional Landfill Site Selection in Transitional Countries: A Case Study From Serbia. Environmental Management, 49, 445–458.
Yal, G.P., Akgün, H., 2013. Landfill site selection utilizing TOPSIS methodology and clay liner geotechnical characterization: a case study for Ankara, Turkey. Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 73, 369-388.
Yahaya S, Ilori C, Whanda S, Edicha, J., 2010. Landfill site selection for municipal solid waste management using geographic information system and multicriteria evaluation. Am J Sci Res 10: 34–49.
Y?ld?r?m, V., 2012. Application of raster-based GIS techniques in the siting of landfills in Trabzon Province, Turkey: a case study. Waste Management & Research, 30, 949-960.
Y?ld?r?m, Ü., Güler, C., 2016. Identification of suitable future municipal solid waste disposal sites for the Metropolitan Mersin (SE Turkey) using AHP and GIS techniques. Environmental Earth Sciences, 75, 101.
Zelenovic´ Vasiljevic´ T, Srdjevic´ Z, Bajc?etic´ R, Vojinovic M., 2012. GIS and the analytic hierarchy process for regional landfill site selection in transitional countries: a case study from Serbia. Environ Manage 49:445–458.
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GIS based modeling using Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) for optimization of landfill site selection of Rohtak city, Haryana (India). (2018). Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 10(2), 633-642. https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v10i2.1753
