Influence of cadmium on early growth of fluted pumpkin (Telfairia occidentalis Hook F.) and nutrient uptake in an ultisol
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Abstract
The greenhouse and field trials were conducted at the University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria to determine the influence of Cd on the growth, dry matter yield and nutrient uptake by fluted pumpkin (Telfairia occidentalis). Four levels of Cd(NO3)2 treatments namely 0, 50, 100, 200 mg per 5 kg soil equivalent to 0, 20, 40, 80 kgha-1 were used in the greenhouse and field trials respectively. The completely randomized and randomized complete block experimental designs were used in the greenhouse and field trials respectively. Results indicated that increased application of Cd decreased the height, number of leaves, leaf area, stem girth and dry matter yield of the plant. The nutrients content and uptake also decreased with the increase in the supply of the Cd. Higher Cd concentrations and uptake were recorded in the root of the treated plants when compared to the control treatments. The nutrients and oxides components of the soil decreased at various levels of the Cd application. These decrease in soil nutrient components were however not consistent. However, the Cd content of the soil increased with increased Cd treatments.
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Keywords
Ultisol, Uptake, Yield, Metal excluder, Pumpkin
References
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Azmat, R and Haider, S (2007). Pb Stress on phytochemistry of seedlings Phaseolus mungo and Lens culinaris. Asian Journal of Plant Science, 6(2): 332-337
Azmat, R. Haider, S and Askari, S. (2006). Phytoxicity of Pb I: Effects of Pb on germination, growth, morphology and histomorphology of Phaseolus mungo and Lens Culinaris. Pakistan Journal of Biological Science, 9:979-984
Azmat, R., Iftikar, B., Khanum, T; Hayyat, A., Talat, R. and Uddin, F. (2005). The inhibition of bean plant metabolism by cadmium metal 11: The inhibition of mineral acquisition in heavy metal contaminated environments. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, 8:748- 750
Begonia, G.B. (2006). Comparative lead uptake and responses of plants grown in lead contaminated soils. www.ejoun3.htm.
Black, C.A,(1965). Methods of soil analysis. Agronomy No 9 Part 2. America Society of Agronomy. Madison, Wisconsin.
Brown, K.W; Thomas, J.C. and Slowey, J.F. (1983). Metal accumulation by bermidagrass grown on four diverse soils amended with secondarily treated sewage effluent. Water, Air and Soil pollution, 20(4): 431-446.
Codex Alimentarius Commission (2004). Report of the 36th Session of Codex Alimentarius Committee on Food Additives and Contaminants Rotterdam, The Netherlands 22-26 March.
Day, P. R. (1965). Particle fractionation and particle size analysis: In methods of soil analysis, (C.A. Black Ed).Agronomy No 9 Part 1. American Society of Agronomy Madison, Wisconsin
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Foy, C.D., Chaney, R.L and White, M.C. (1978). The physiology of metal toxicity in plants. Annual Review of Plant Physiology, 29:511-566.
Godzik, B. (1993). Heavy metal contents in plants from zinc dumps and reference area. Poland Botanical Studies, 5:113-132.
International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) (1979). Selected methods for soil and plant analysis. Manual Series No 1. pp 70
Jackson, M.L.(1962). Soil chemical analysis. Prentice Hall, New York. 263-268
John, M. K., Vanlaerhoven, C. J. and Chukwuma, C. (1972). Plant uptake and phytotoxicity of cadmium added to soils. Environmental Science and Technology, 6 (2), 1005-1009.
Jones, L.H.P., Clement, C. R. and Hoope, M. J. (1973). Lead uptake from solution by perennial ryegrass and its transport from root and shoots. Plant Soil, 38:403-414.
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Kumar, P.B.A.N., Dushenkov, V., Matto, H. and Raskin, I. (1995). Phytoextraction: The use of plants to remove heavy metals from soils. Environmental Science and Technology, 29:1232-1238.
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Pinero, H.J.L., Miti, R.K., Julia-Verdestar, M.A., Diaz, G.G., Dnzalez, A.N., Cardenas-Avila, M.L. and Orough- Bakhih, R. (2002). Effect of Pb and Cd on seedlings, growth, chlorophyll and protein contest of common bean. Phascolus vulgaris, Alfalfa (Medigago sativa), Avena (Avena santiva and rye grass (Lolum multiflorum) selected as hyper accumulator of heavy metal. Research on Crops, 3:473-480.
Raskin, I., Kumar, P.B.A., Dushenkovs, N. and Salt, D. (1994). Bio-concentration of heavy metals by plants. Current Opinion on Biotechnology, 5: 285-290.
Rauser, W.E. (1990). Phytochelatins. Annual Review of Biochemistry, 59: 61-86..
Re, M., Gavagola, M.G., Crovato, E. and Cella, R. (1983). Cadmium distribution within corn plants as a function of Cadmium loading of the soil. Environmental Research, 30 (1) 44-49.
Rout, G. R. and Das, P. (2003). Effect of metal toxicity on plant growth and metabolism 1 Zinc. Agronomie, 23: 3-11
Schwertmann, U. (1991). Solubility and dissolution of iron oxides. Plant and Soil, 130:1-25.
Singh, B. (2001). Heavy metals in soils: sources, chemical reactions and forms In: Geo-environment proceeding of 2nd Australia and New Zealand conference of environmental geotechnic 2001 New South Wales.
Soon, Y. K. and Abboud, S. (1993). Cadmium, chromium, lead and nickel In: Soil sampling and methods of soil analysis (eds M.R. Carter). Canadian Society of Soil Science, 101-108.
Stiffens, J.C. (1990). The heavy metal binding peptides of plants. Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Molecular Biology, 41:553-575.
Subramani, A., Saravanan, S., Taraizhuiyay, P. and Lakshmanalharg, A.S. (1997). Influences of heavy metals non germination and early seedlings growth of Vigna mungo L. Pollution Research, 16(1): 29-31.
Tam, Y.L. and Singh, B. (2004). Heavy metals availability at industrially contaminated soils in NSW, Austral: In A.L. Juhaz, G. Magesan and R. Naidu (eds). Waste Management, Science. Publishers Plymouth 97 – 120.
WHO (World Health Organization) (1984). Guidelines for soil, water and plant quality. Vol. 1 Recommendation W.H.O. Geneva 130p.
ATSDR (1999). Toxicological profile for cadmium. U.S Department of Health Services. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDA ), 205-93-0606
AOAC (1970). Official methods of analysis, Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC) Ed 11 Washington D. C.
Azmat, R and Haider, S (2007). Pb Stress on phytochemistry of seedlings Phaseolus mungo and Lens culinaris. Asian Journal of Plant Science, 6(2): 332-337
Azmat, R. Haider, S and Askari, S. (2006). Phytoxicity of Pb I: Effects of Pb on germination, growth, morphology and histomorphology of Phaseolus mungo and Lens Culinaris. Pakistan Journal of Biological Science, 9:979-984
Azmat, R., Iftikar, B., Khanum, T; Hayyat, A., Talat, R. and Uddin, F. (2005). The inhibition of bean plant metabolism by cadmium metal 11: The inhibition of mineral acquisition in heavy metal contaminated environments. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, 8:748- 750
Begonia, G.B. (2006). Comparative lead uptake and responses of plants grown in lead contaminated soils. www.ejoun3.htm.
Black, C.A,(1965). Methods of soil analysis. Agronomy No 9 Part 2. America Society of Agronomy. Madison, Wisconsin.
Brown, K.W; Thomas, J.C. and Slowey, J.F. (1983). Metal accumulation by bermidagrass grown on four diverse soils amended with secondarily treated sewage effluent. Water, Air and Soil pollution, 20(4): 431-446.
Codex Alimentarius Commission (2004). Report of the 36th Session of Codex Alimentarius Committee on Food Additives and Contaminants Rotterdam, The Netherlands 22-26 March.
Day, P. R. (1965). Particle fractionation and particle size analysis: In methods of soil analysis, (C.A. Black Ed).Agronomy No 9 Part 1. American Society of Agronomy Madison, Wisconsin
Eun, S.O., Youn, H.S. and Lee, Y. (2002). Lead disturbs microtubile organization in root meristem of Zea mays Physiology of Plants, 110:357-365.
Foy, C.D., Chaney, R.L and White, M.C. (1978). The physiology of metal toxicity in plants. Annual Review of Plant Physiology, 29:511-566.
Godzik, B. (1993). Heavy metal contents in plants from zinc dumps and reference area. Poland Botanical Studies, 5:113-132.
International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) (1979). Selected methods for soil and plant analysis. Manual Series No 1. pp 70
Jackson, M.L.(1962). Soil chemical analysis. Prentice Hall, New York. 263-268
John, M. K., Vanlaerhoven, C. J. and Chukwuma, C. (1972). Plant uptake and phytotoxicity of cadmium added to soils. Environmental Science and Technology, 6 (2), 1005-1009.
Jones, L.H.P., Clement, C. R. and Hoope, M. J. (1973). Lead uptake from solution by perennial ryegrass and its transport from root and shoots. Plant Soil, 38:403-414.
Kachenko, A. and Singh, B. (2004). Heavy metals contamination of home grown vegetables near metal smelter in NSW. Super Soil: 2004 Australian/New Zealand Soil Conference, 5-9 December, 2004, Adelaide.
Khan, D. H. and Frankland, R. (1983). Effects of cadmium and lead on raddish with particular reference to movement of metals through soil profile and plant. Plant and Soil, 70: 335-345.
Kramer, F. and Konig, W. (1983). Cadmium contents in soil and plants: the growth and nutrient concentration of tomato and egg plant. Plant and soil, 74 (3):387-354.
Kumar, P.B.A.N., Dushenkov, V., Matto, H. and Raskin, I. (1995). Phytoextraction: The use of plants to remove heavy metals from soils. Environmental Science and Technology, 29:1232-1238.
McBride, M. B. (2003). Toxic metals in sewage sludge amended soil: Has promotion of beneficial use discounted the risk? Advance Environmental Research, 8: 5-17
Malone, C.D. Koeppe, D.E. and Miller, R.I. (1974). Localization of lead accumulated by corn plants. Plant Physiology, 53:385-394.
Marcilene, F. B., Marines, A. J., Margarate, S. S. and Ervin, L. (2003). Lead behaviors in soil treated with contaminated sewage sludge and cultivated with maize. Brazillian Archives of Biology and Technology, 46 (4): 1-11.
Murphy, J. and Riley, J. P. (1962). Analytical chemistry. Acta, 27:31-36.
Nasu, Y., Kugimoto, M., Tanaka, O., Yanase, D., and Takimoto A. (1984). Effect of cadmium, copper and cobalt existing in the medium on the growth and flowering of Lemna pancicostata in relation to their absorption. Enviromental Pollution. 33(3):262-274.
Orhue, E. R. (2008). Phytoavailability of lead and chromium to pumpkin in an ultisol Ph. D Thesis University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria.
Payne, R.W. (2002). Gent stat 6.1: Reevence manual VSN International Ltd. Oxford.
Pinero, H.J.L., Miti, R.K., Julia-Verdestar, M.A., Diaz, G.G., Dnzalez, A.N., Cardenas-Avila, M.L. and Orough- Bakhih, R. (2002). Effect of Pb and Cd on seedlings, growth, chlorophyll and protein contest of common bean. Phascolus vulgaris, Alfalfa (Medigago sativa), Avena (Avena santiva and rye grass (Lolum multiflorum) selected as hyper accumulator of heavy metal. Research on Crops, 3:473-480.
Raskin, I., Kumar, P.B.A., Dushenkovs, N. and Salt, D. (1994). Bio-concentration of heavy metals by plants. Current Opinion on Biotechnology, 5: 285-290.
Rauser, W.E. (1990). Phytochelatins. Annual Review of Biochemistry, 59: 61-86..
Re, M., Gavagola, M.G., Crovato, E. and Cella, R. (1983). Cadmium distribution within corn plants as a function of Cadmium loading of the soil. Environmental Research, 30 (1) 44-49.
Rout, G. R. and Das, P. (2003). Effect of metal toxicity on plant growth and metabolism 1 Zinc. Agronomie, 23: 3-11
Schwertmann, U. (1991). Solubility and dissolution of iron oxides. Plant and Soil, 130:1-25.
Singh, B. (2001). Heavy metals in soils: sources, chemical reactions and forms In: Geo-environment proceeding of 2nd Australia and New Zealand conference of environmental geotechnic 2001 New South Wales.
Soon, Y. K. and Abboud, S. (1993). Cadmium, chromium, lead and nickel In: Soil sampling and methods of soil analysis (eds M.R. Carter). Canadian Society of Soil Science, 101-108.
Stiffens, J.C. (1990). The heavy metal binding peptides of plants. Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Molecular Biology, 41:553-575.
Subramani, A., Saravanan, S., Taraizhuiyay, P. and Lakshmanalharg, A.S. (1997). Influences of heavy metals non germination and early seedlings growth of Vigna mungo L. Pollution Research, 16(1): 29-31.
Tam, Y.L. and Singh, B. (2004). Heavy metals availability at industrially contaminated soils in NSW, Austral: In A.L. Juhaz, G. Magesan and R. Naidu (eds). Waste Management, Science. Publishers Plymouth 97 – 120.
WHO (World Health Organization) (1984). Guidelines for soil, water and plant quality. Vol. 1 Recommendation W.H.O. Geneva 130p.
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Influence of cadmium on early growth of fluted pumpkin (Telfairia occidentalis Hook F.) and nutrient uptake in an ultisol. (2011). Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 3(2), 159-165. https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v3i2.174
