A study of constitutive heterochromatin and NOR banding in three species of Indian major carps from the State of Haryana, India
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Abstract
Cytogenetic survey of fishes becomes increasingly important to establish chromosomal relation between the teleosts, to have a glimpse of the relation between chromosomal evolution and differentiation of vertebrate species. In the present study, Chromosome banding studies was done in three species of carps i.e. Catla catla (Hamilton, 1822), Labeo rohita (Hamilton, 1822) and Cirrhinus mrigala (Hamilton, 1822). Diploid chromosome number 50 was observed in all 3 species of carps. The chromosomes of C. catla, L. rohita and C. mrigala showed constitutive heterochromatin at telomeric and centromeric regions of chromosomes. The Ag-NOR (Argyrophilic-Nucleolus Organizer Region) bands were observed on homologous chromosome pair number 11 in C. catla, 15th chromosome pair in L. rohita. In C. mrigala, the Ag- NOR staining elucidated the presence of darkly stained NORs on the terminal region of the long arms of one of the chromosome. Another homologue of this chromosome pair could not be localized due to scattering of chromosomes. The results depict that variation in ecological conditions with time due to human activities can not only affect the chromosomal number but also chromosomal morphology.
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Keywords
Catla catla, Labeo rohita, Cirrhinus mrigala, Chromosomes, Heterochromatin
References
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Takai, A. and Ojima, Y. (1988). Chromosomal Distribution of Nucleolus Organizer Regions in Six Species of Rhodeinae (Cyprinidae, Pisces). Proceed. Japan Acad. Sci. 64(3): 49-52.
Tan, X. Jian, G.Q. Chen, B. Chen, L and Li, X. (2004). Karyological analyses of redclaw crayfish Cherax quadricarinatus (Decapoda: Parastacidae). Aquaculture. 234: 65-76.
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Unal,S. Gaffaroglu, M. Ayata, K.M. and Yuksel,E.2014. Karyotype, C-banding and Ag-NORs of two endemic leuciscine fish, Pseudophoxinus crassus and P. hittitorum (Teleostei, Cyprinidae). Comp Cytogen. 8: 249-257.
Zhang, S.M. Reddy, P.V.G.K and Khan, H.A. (1991). Karyomorphological studies in four species of freshwater fishes from India. Veterinary Archives. 61:57-63
Al-Sabti, K. (1987). Cytogenetic studies on five species of Pisces from Yugoslavia. Cytobios. 49(198-199): 175-188.
Amemiya, C.T. and Gold, J.R. (1988). Chromosomal NORs as taxonomic and systematic characters in North American cyprinid fishes. Genetica. 76: 81-90.
Bhatnagar, A. Yadav, A.S. and Kamboj, N. (2014). Karyomorphology of three Indian major carps from Haryana, India. J. FisheriesSciences.com. 8(2): 95-103.
Cucchi, C. and Baruffaldi, A. (1990). A new method for karyological studies in teleost fishes. J. Fish Biol. 37: 71-75.
Gold, J.R. Amemiya, C.T. and Ellison, J.R. (1986). Chromosomal heterochromatin differentiation in North American cyprinid fishes. Cytologia. 51: 557-566.
Gold, J.R. Li, Y.C. Shipley, N.S and Powers, P.K. (1990). Improved methods for working with fish chromosomes with a review of metaphase chromosome banding. J. Fish Biol. 37: 563-575.
Gui, J.Y. Li, K. and Zhou, T. (1986). Transactions of the Chinese Society of lchthyology. Science Press Beijing. 7: 115–123.
Howell, W.M. and Black, D.A. (1980). Controlled silver-staining of nucleolus organizer regions with a protective colloidal developer: A 1-step method. Experentia. 36(1): 1014-1015.
Jana, R.K. (1993). Studies on some aspects of biology and cytogenetics of rohu-catla and catla-rohu hybrids. Thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of philosophy (Science) of the University of Calcutta.
Jayaram KC. (1999). The Freshwater fishes of the Indian region. Narendra Publishing House, Delhi.
Johal, M.S. and Jha, S.K. (2010). Ichthyofaunal composition and conservation status of five North Indian States (Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Punjab, Rajasthan and Uttrakhand). Res.Bull.Pun.Uni. 60: 19-39.
John, G. Barat, A and Lakra, W.S. (1992). Localization of nuclear organizer regions in fish species, Catla catla and Mystus vittatus. The Nucleus. 35(2-3):179-181.
John, G. Barat, A and Lakra, W.S. (1993). Localization of nuclear organizer regions in Labeo rohita (Cyprinidae). La Kromosoma. 70: 2381-2384.
Kalbassi, M.R. Hosseini, S.V and Tahergorabi, R. (2008). Karyotype Analysis in Schizothorax zarudnyi from Hamoon Lake, Iran. Turk. J. Fish. Aqua Sci. 8: 335-340.
Khan, T.A. Bhise, M.P. and Lakra , W.S. (2000). Chromosome manipulation in fish: a review. Ind J Ani Sci. 70(3): 213-221.
Khuda-Bukhsh, A.R and Chakrabarty, C. (1994). Localization of C-band heterochromatin in metaphase chromosomes of two species in Indian major carps. Inland Fish. Soc. Ind. 26: 44–46.
Lakra, W.S. Nagpure, N.S. Kumar, R. Kushwaha, B. Singh, P.J. and Srivastava, S.K. (2007). Genotoxic Assessment in fishes –A Practical manual NBFGR Publications. 1-71.
Magtoon, W. and Arai, R. (1993). Karyotype and distribution of nucleolus organizer regions in cyprinid fishes from Thailand. Japan. J. Ichthy. 40(4): 77-86.
Manna, G.K. (1984). Progress in fish cytogenetics. The Nucleus. 27: 203-231.
Nagpure, N.S. (1997). Distribution of C- band heterochromatin in Labeo rohita (Ham.) (Cyprinidae). Chrom. Sci. 1: 45-46.
Nagpure, N.S. Srivastava, S.K. Kushwaha, B. and Ponniah, A.G. (2001). Current status on Cytogenetics of North East Indian Fishes. P.161-167. In A.G. Ponniah and U.K. Sarkar (eds.). Fish Biodiversity of North East Indian Fishes NBFGR-NATP PUBL. 2: 228.
Nandini, S. and Arockia Rita J.J. (2014). Karyomorphology of two major carps, Catla catla and Labeo rohita. Biores. Bull.1:1-7
Neeru. (2014). A study of Fish Biodiversity and Karyology of Commercially Important Fish Species of Haryana. Thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of philosophy (Science) to the Kurukshetra University.
O’Connor, C. (2008). Karyotyping for chromosomal abnormalities. Nat. Edu. 1: 27.
Pal, R. (1994). Cytogenetic analysis in some fishes belonging to family cyprinidae. Ph.D. Thesis. Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra.
Rab, P. and Collares-Pereira, M..J. (1995). Chromosomes of European cyprinid fishes (Cyprinidae, Cypriniformes): a review. Folia Zoologica. 44: 193-214.
Rishi, K.K. (1989). Current status of fish cytogenetics. In: Fish Genetics in India. (eds Das, P. and Jhingran, V. G.) Today and tomorrows Printers and publishers, New Delhi.; 728-756.
Rishi, K.K and Mandhan, R.P. (1990). Analysis of C- banded heterochromatin in the chromosomes of Labeo rohita (Ham.) (Cyprinidae). Chrom. Inf. Ser., 48:3-4
Rishi, K.K and Mandhan, R.P. (1995). Study of C-banding, G- banding and Ag-NORs in the chromosomes of the Indian major carp, Catla catla (Family Cyprinidae, Pisces). Persp. Cyto. Gen. 8: 371-375.
Sola, L. Camerini, B. and Cataudella, S. (1984). Cytogenetics of Atlantic eel, C-and G-banding, nucleolus organizer regions and DNA content. Cytogenetics. 38: 206–210.
Suleyman, G. Ahmet, C. Ilhan, S. and Bertal, K. (2004). Karyotype analysis in Alburnus heckeli (Battalgil, 1943) from lake Hazer. Turk. J. Vet. Ani. Sci. 28: 309-314.
Sumner, A.T. (1972). A simple technique for demonstrate centromeric heterochromatin. Exper. Cell Res. 75: 304-306.
Takai, A. and Ojima, Y. (1988). Chromosomal Distribution of Nucleolus Organizer Regions in Six Species of Rhodeinae (Cyprinidae, Pisces). Proceed. Japan Acad. Sci. 64(3): 49-52.
Tan, X. Jian, G.Q. Chen, B. Chen, L and Li, X. (2004). Karyological analyses of redclaw crayfish Cherax quadricarinatus (Decapoda: Parastacidae). Aquaculture. 234: 65-76.
Tjio, J.H and Whang , J. (1965). In: Human chromo-some methodology. Newyork, Academic press.
Unal,S. Gaffaroglu, M. Ayata, K.M. and Yuksel,E.2014. Karyotype, C-banding and Ag-NORs of two endemic leuciscine fish, Pseudophoxinus crassus and P. hittitorum (Teleostei, Cyprinidae). Comp Cytogen. 8: 249-257.
Zhang, S.M. Reddy, P.V.G.K and Khan, H.A. (1991). Karyomorphological studies in four species of freshwater fishes from India. Veterinary Archives. 61:57-63
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A study of constitutive heterochromatin and NOR banding in three species of Indian major carps from the State of Haryana, India. (2018). Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 10(2), 535-539. https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v10i2.1731
