Weed flora of aerobic rice and their effect on growth, yield and nutrient uptake by rice Oryza sativa in the coastal region of Karaikal of Puducherry, India
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.main##
Abstract
A field experiment was conducted at farm lands of Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru College of Agriculture and Research Institute, Karaikal to know the weed floristic composition and their effect on growth, yield and nutrient uptake by aerobic rice (Oryza sativa). The results revealed that totally 29 species of weeds from 22 genera belonging to 17 families were noticed. Among them, four were grasses, six were sedges, and nineteen were broad leaved weeds. Of this 29 species, four were perennials, and the rest were annuals. During initial stages (30 DAS), sedges dominated (38.3%) whereas at later stages (60 DAS) broad leaved weeds dominated the aerobic rice fields (42.5%). Grasses were found to be comparatively less dominant at both the stages. Echinochloa colona Link. (28.1%) followed by E. cruss-galli (L.) Beauv. (6.1%) among the grasses; Cyperus difformis L. (19.8%) followed by C. iria L (9.9%) among the sedges and Ludwigia abyssinica (28.0%) among the broad leaved weeds, were the predominant weed species in aerobic rice cultivation. Weeds, when left unchecked, competed with rice for all resources like nutrients, space, light and soil moisture. The unweeded control recorded the maximum nutrient depletion by weeds (76.6, 6.4 and 106.8 Kg of N, P andK ha-1 ). Due to severe competition, weeds suppressed the growth of rice which resulted in lower growth and yield attributes leading to lower grain (333 kg ha-1 ) and straw yields (1903 kg ha-1 ).
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.details##
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.details##
Aerobic rice, Nutrient uptake, Weed flora, Yield
Bouman, B.A.M., Wang, H., Yang, X., Zhao, J. and Wang, C. (2002). Aerobic rice (Han Dao): A new way of growing rice in water-short areas. In: 12th International Soil Conservation Organization Conference, Beijing, China. Tsinghua University Press: 175-181
Caton, B.P., Foin, T.C. and Hill, J.E. (1997). Phenotypic plasticity of Ammania spp. competition with rice. Weed Research, (37):33-38
Chatterjee, B.N. and Maity, S. (1981). Principles and practices of rice growing, (2nd Edn). Oxford and IBH Publications, New Delhi, 293
Daniel, P.S.J., Poonghzhalan, R., Mohan, R. and Suburayalu, E. (2012). Weed management for enhanced production of aerobic rice. Indian Journal of Weed Science, 44(4):270-273
Ho, Nan-Kin and Romli, Z. (2000). Impact of direct seeding of rice cultivation: lessons from the Muda area of Malaysia. In: Proc. Workshop Direct Seeding: Research Strategies and Opportunities, 25-28 January 2000, Bangkok, Thailand.
Jackson, M.L. (1973). Soil Chemical Analysis, Ed. Prentice Hall of India Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, 121-125
Kamoshita, A., Ikeda, H., Yamagishi, J. and Ouk, M. (2010). Ecophysiological study on weed seed banks and weeds in Cambodian paddy fields with contrasting water availability. Weed Biology and Management., 10:261-272
Khaliq, A., Matloob, A., Ahmad, N., Rasul, F. and Awan, I.U. (2012). Post emergence chemical weed control in direct seeded fine rice. J.Anim. Plant Sci., 22(4):1101-1106
Khaliq, A., Riaz, M.Y. and Matloob, A. (2011). Bio-economic assessment of chemical and nonchemical weed management strategies in dry seeded fine rice (Oryza sativa). J. Plant Breed. Crop Sci., 3(12):302-310
Mahajan, G., Chauhan, B.S. and Johnson, D.E. (2009). Weed management in aerobic rice in Northwestern Indo-Gangetic Plains. Journal of Crop Improvement, 23, 366-382
Maity, S.K. and Mukherjee, P.K. (2008). Integrated weed management in dry direct-seeded rainy season rice (Oryza sativa). Indian Journal of Agronomy, 53(2):116-120
Mandal, D., Singh, D., Kumar, R., Kumari, A. and Kumar, V. (2011). Effects on production potential and economics of direct seeded rice sowing dates and weed management techniques. Indian Journal of Weed Science, 43(3&4):139-144
Micheal, J.S.A.S., Juraimi, A.S., Selamat, A., Man, A., Anwar, M.P. and Uddin, M.K. (2013). Critical period of weed control in aerobic system. Australian Journal of Crop Science, 7(5):665-673
Mann, R.A., Ahmad, S., Hassan, G. and Baloch, M.S. (2007). Weed management in direct seeded rice crop. Pakistan Journal of Weed Science Research, 13(3-4):219-226
Pasha, L.M., Reddy, M.D., Reddy, M.G. and Devi, M.U. (2011). Effect of irrigation schedule, weed management and nitrogen levels on weed growth in rice (Oryza sativa) under aerobic conditions. Indian Journal of Weed Science, 43(1&2):54-60
Ramachandiran, K. and Balasubramanian, R. (2012). Efficacy of herbicides for weed control in aerobic rice. Indian Journal of Weed Science, 44(2):118-121
Rao, A.N. and Nagamani, A. (2007). Available technologies and future research challenges for managing weeds in dry-seeded rice in India. In: 21st Asian Pacific Weed Science Conference, 391-401
Rawat, A., Chaudhary, C.S., Upadhyaya, V.B. and Jain, V. (2012). Efficacy of bispyribac sodium on weed flora and yield of drilled rice. Indian Journal of Weed Science, 44(3):183-185
Singh, S., Ladha, J.K., Gupta, R.K., Bhushan, L. and Rao, A.N. (2008). Weed management in aerobic rice systems under varying establishment methods. Crop Prot., 27:660-671
Singh, M. and Singh, R.P. (2010). Influence of crop establishment methods and weed management practices on yield and economics of direct-seeded rice (Oryza sativa). Indian Journal of Agronomy, 55(3): 224-229
Sipaseuth, I.P., Siyavong, P., Sihathep, V., Chanphengsay, M., Schiller, J.M., Linquist, B., Fukai, S. and Basnayake, J. (2000). Agronomic practices for improving yields of rainfed lowland rice in Laos. In: International Workshop Increased Lowland Rice Production in the Mekong Region, 30 October-2 November, Vientiane (Laos) 31-40
Sunil, C.M., Shekara, B.G., Kalyanamurthy, K.N. and Shankaralingappa, B.C. (2010). Growth and yield of aerobic rice as influenced by integrated weed management practices. Indian Journal of Weed Science, 42(3&4): 180-183
Thimmegowda, P., Murthy, K.N.K., Fathima, P.S. and Vidya, A. (2010). Studies in chemical weed control in aerobic rice (Oryza sativa L.). Crop Research, 40(1,2 & 3):20-24
Tomita, S., Miyagawa, S., Kono, Y., Noichana, C., Inamura, T., Nagata, Y., Sributta, A. and Nawata, E. (2003). Rice yield losses by competition with weeds in rainfed paddy fields in north-east Thailand. Weed Biology and Management, 3:162-171
This work is licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0) © Author (s)
