Toxic effects of endosulfan on cholesterol levels of liver, brain and gills of stinging catfish, Heteropneustes fossilis
Article Main
Abstract
Stinging catfish Heteropneustes fossilis exposed to different concentrations of an organochlorine pesticide endosulfan under static conditions, revealed statistically significant increase in cholesterol contents of liver, brain and gill tissues even at the lowest concentration (0.0010 mg/l). Fish also elicited behavioral changes due to pesticide toxicity. Hypercholesterolemia appeared to be due to stress induced metabolic alterations caused by intoxication.
Article Details
Article Details
Keywords
Endosulfan, Toxicity, Hypercholesterolemia, Behavioral alterations
References
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Arasta, T., Bais, V.S. and Thakur, P.B. (1999). Changes is selected biochemical parameters in the liver and muscles of fish Mystus vittatus exposed to aldrin. In Environment Pollution Mangement. Creative Pub. Sagar PP-109-112.
Bais, V.S. and Arasta, T. (1995). Effect of sublethal concentration of Aldex on protein, lipid and glycogen levels in the liver and muscles of a catfish Mystus vittatus J. Freshwat Biol 7:151-154.
Bonga, S.E.W. (1997). The stress response in fish. Physiol, Rew., 77:591-625.
Chandra, S. (1988). Effect of malathion on the cholesterol levels of different tissues of fresh water catfish Clarias batrachus., J. Rec. Adv. Appl. Sc. 3:50-503.
Chandra S. (2008). Toxic effect of Malathion on acetylcholinesterase activity of liver, brain and gills of freshwater catfish Heteropneustes fossilis. Environ. Conserv. J., 9:47-52.
Chandra, S. (2010). Impact of Rogor toxicity on aldolase and acetylcholinesterase activity in liver, brain and gills of freshwater catfish Clarias batrachus. Rec. Adv. Fish Ecol. Limn. Ecoconserv. 8:165-175.
Chandra S., Bajpai, N.K. and Dubey, A. (2007). Pesticide induced changes is the activity of transaminases in tissues of freshwater catfish Clarias batrachus. Rec. Adv. Fish. Ecol. Limn. Ecoconserv., 7:143-149.
Daniels, R.J.(2000). Freshwater fishes of Peninsular India. Ind. Acad. Sci. Univ. Press Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.
David, M., Mushiger, S.B., Prashant, M.S. and Mathad, S.G. (2003). Hepatotoxicity of Malathion on protein metabolism in Catla catla. Adv. Biol., 22:115-120.
Deshmukh, D.R. and Sonawane, S.R. (2007). Effect of long term exposure to endosulfan on blood cell count in Channa gachua. J. Indian Fish Assoc., 34:83-85.
Doudoroff, P., Anderson, B.G., Burdick, G.E., Galtsof, P.S., Hart, W.B., Patric, R., Strong, E.R., Surber, E.W. and Vanhorn, W.M. (1951). Bioassay methods for the evaluation of acute toxicity of industrial wastes to fish. Sewage Ind. Wastes, 23: 1380-1397.
Evans, D.H. (1998). The physiology of fishes, 2nd ed. C.R.C. Press, Boca, N. York.
Geraldine, P., Bhavan, P.S., Kaliamurthy, J. and Zayapragassarazan, Z. (1999). Effect of dichlorv intoxication in the freshwater prawn Macrobrachium malcolmsoni. J. Environ. Biol., 20:141-148.
Karuppasamy, R. (2002). Short and long term effect of phenyl mercuric. acelate on protein metabolism in Channa punctatus. J. Natcon., 12: 83-93.
Kasthuri, J. and Chandran, M.R. (1997). Sublethal effect of lead on feeding, energetics growth performance, biochemical composition and accumulation in the eusturine catfish Mystus gulia. J. Env. Biol., 18:95-101.
Krishnagopal, Ram, M.D., Gupta, G.S.D. and Anand, M. (1988). Lindane induced histological changes in the gills of Channa punctatus. Ind. J. Bioresearch., 8:25-29.
Kulkarni, G.P.P. and Sunita Dharmadhker, M.(1998). Effect of dairy effluents on biochemical parameters of wheat seed and fish. Proc. Acad. Environ. Biol. 7:57-60.
Kumar, S., Lata, S. and Krishnagopal (2000). Histopathological changes in gills of Heteropneustes fossilis, induced by Deltamethrin. Proc. Acad. Environ. Biol., 9:171-173.
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Matsmura, F. (1980). Toxicity of Insecticides. Plenum Press, London.
Mayer, F.L.,Versteeg, D.J. and Rattner, B.A. (1992). Biomarkers – Physiological and histological markers of anthropogenic stress. Proc. Viii Pelston Workshop, Lewis Pub. U.S.A.
Nath, A., (2003). Bioaccumulation of various pesticides in fish muscle. J. Ecophysiol. Occup. Hlth., 1:40-46
Padmini, E., Thendral Hepsibha, B. and Santhalin Shellomith, A.S. (2004). Lipid alteration as stress markers in grey mullets Mugil cephalus caused by industrial effluents in Ennore eustury. Aquacult., 5:115-118.
Pandey, A.C., Krishnagopal and Pandey, A.K. (2000). Pollution and fish physiology. Aquacult., 1:1-8.
Rao, D.M.R., Dani., A.M. and Murthy, A.S. (1981). Toxicity and metabolism of endosulfan and its effect on oxygen consumption and total nitrogen excretion of the fish Macrognathus aculeatum. Pestic, Biochem. Physiol., 15:282-287.
Reddy, T.G. and Gonathy, S. (1977). Toxicity and respiratory effect on catfish Mystus vittatus, Ind. J. Env. Hlth., 19:360-363.
Rosenthal, H.L., Pfluke, M.L. and Buscaglia, S. (1957). A stable iron reagent for determination of Cholesterol. J. Lab. Clin. Med., 50:318.
Schocttiger, R.A. (1970). Toxicity of thiodon in several fish and aquatic invertebrates. U.S. dept. Int. Fish. Wildl. Serv. Rep., 35.
Sharma, R.R., Pandey, A.K. and Shukla, G.R. (2001). Histopathological alterations in fish tissues Induced by pesticides toxicity. Aquacult., 2: 31-43.
Shell, E.W. (1961). Chemical composition of blood of small mouthbass. Res. Rep. U.S. Wildl. Serv., 57:1-36.
Shrivastava, S., Singh, S. and Shrivastava, K. (2002). Effect of carbaryl on glucose content in the brain of Heteropneustes fossilis. J. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Monit., 12:205-208.
Singh, N.N. and Srivastava, A.K.(1998). Formothion induced biochemical changes in blood and tissues of freshwater catfish Heteropneustes fossilis. Malys. Appl. Biol., 27:39-43
Suhail, M., Athar, J. and Rizvi, S.I. (1988). Lipid changes in red cell membrane in leukemia., Ind. J. Med. Res., 88:350- 355.
Talwar, P.K. and Jhingran, R.J. (1991). Inland Fishes. vol. 2, Oxford & IBH Pub. Co. Pvt. Ltd., India.
Tandon, R.S. and Dubey, A. (1983). Toxic effects of two organophosphorus pesticides on Fructose 1,6, diphosphate Aldolase activity of liver, brain and gills of the freshwater fish Clarias batrachus. Environ. Pollut., 31:1-7.
Thosar, M.R. and Lonker, A.N. (2004). Respiratory response of male fish Labestes reticulatus exposed to sublethal concentration of insecticide Metasystox., J. Ecol. Occup. Hlth., 4:62-67.
Tiez., N.W. (1970). Fundamentals of clinical chemistry, W.B. Saunders Co., USA.
Arasta, T., Bais, V.S. and Thakur, P.B. (1999). Changes is selected biochemical parameters in the liver and muscles of fish Mystus vittatus exposed to aldrin. In Environment Pollution Mangement. Creative Pub. Sagar PP-109-112.
Bais, V.S. and Arasta, T. (1995). Effect of sublethal concentration of Aldex on protein, lipid and glycogen levels in the liver and muscles of a catfish Mystus vittatus J. Freshwat Biol 7:151-154.
Bonga, S.E.W. (1997). The stress response in fish. Physiol, Rew., 77:591-625.
Chandra, S. (1988). Effect of malathion on the cholesterol levels of different tissues of fresh water catfish Clarias batrachus., J. Rec. Adv. Appl. Sc. 3:50-503.
Chandra S. (2008). Toxic effect of Malathion on acetylcholinesterase activity of liver, brain and gills of freshwater catfish Heteropneustes fossilis. Environ. Conserv. J., 9:47-52.
Chandra, S. (2010). Impact of Rogor toxicity on aldolase and acetylcholinesterase activity in liver, brain and gills of freshwater catfish Clarias batrachus. Rec. Adv. Fish Ecol. Limn. Ecoconserv. 8:165-175.
Chandra S., Bajpai, N.K. and Dubey, A. (2007). Pesticide induced changes is the activity of transaminases in tissues of freshwater catfish Clarias batrachus. Rec. Adv. Fish. Ecol. Limn. Ecoconserv., 7:143-149.
Daniels, R.J.(2000). Freshwater fishes of Peninsular India. Ind. Acad. Sci. Univ. Press Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.
David, M., Mushiger, S.B., Prashant, M.S. and Mathad, S.G. (2003). Hepatotoxicity of Malathion on protein metabolism in Catla catla. Adv. Biol., 22:115-120.
Deshmukh, D.R. and Sonawane, S.R. (2007). Effect of long term exposure to endosulfan on blood cell count in Channa gachua. J. Indian Fish Assoc., 34:83-85.
Doudoroff, P., Anderson, B.G., Burdick, G.E., Galtsof, P.S., Hart, W.B., Patric, R., Strong, E.R., Surber, E.W. and Vanhorn, W.M. (1951). Bioassay methods for the evaluation of acute toxicity of industrial wastes to fish. Sewage Ind. Wastes, 23: 1380-1397.
Evans, D.H. (1998). The physiology of fishes, 2nd ed. C.R.C. Press, Boca, N. York.
Geraldine, P., Bhavan, P.S., Kaliamurthy, J. and Zayapragassarazan, Z. (1999). Effect of dichlorv intoxication in the freshwater prawn Macrobrachium malcolmsoni. J. Environ. Biol., 20:141-148.
Karuppasamy, R. (2002). Short and long term effect of phenyl mercuric. acelate on protein metabolism in Channa punctatus. J. Natcon., 12: 83-93.
Kasthuri, J. and Chandran, M.R. (1997). Sublethal effect of lead on feeding, energetics growth performance, biochemical composition and accumulation in the eusturine catfish Mystus gulia. J. Env. Biol., 18:95-101.
Krishnagopal, Ram, M.D., Gupta, G.S.D. and Anand, M. (1988). Lindane induced histological changes in the gills of Channa punctatus. Ind. J. Bioresearch., 8:25-29.
Kulkarni, G.P.P. and Sunita Dharmadhker, M.(1998). Effect of dairy effluents on biochemical parameters of wheat seed and fish. Proc. Acad. Environ. Biol. 7:57-60.
Kumar, S., Lata, S. and Krishnagopal (2000). Histopathological changes in gills of Heteropneustes fossilis, induced by Deltamethrin. Proc. Acad. Environ. Biol., 9:171-173.
Lehninger, A.L. (1975). Biochemistry, 2nd ed. Werth Publ. Inc., New Work.
Matsmura, F. (1980). Toxicity of Insecticides. Plenum Press, London.
Mayer, F.L.,Versteeg, D.J. and Rattner, B.A. (1992). Biomarkers – Physiological and histological markers of anthropogenic stress. Proc. Viii Pelston Workshop, Lewis Pub. U.S.A.
Nath, A., (2003). Bioaccumulation of various pesticides in fish muscle. J. Ecophysiol. Occup. Hlth., 1:40-46
Padmini, E., Thendral Hepsibha, B. and Santhalin Shellomith, A.S. (2004). Lipid alteration as stress markers in grey mullets Mugil cephalus caused by industrial effluents in Ennore eustury. Aquacult., 5:115-118.
Pandey, A.C., Krishnagopal and Pandey, A.K. (2000). Pollution and fish physiology. Aquacult., 1:1-8.
Rao, D.M.R., Dani., A.M. and Murthy, A.S. (1981). Toxicity and metabolism of endosulfan and its effect on oxygen consumption and total nitrogen excretion of the fish Macrognathus aculeatum. Pestic, Biochem. Physiol., 15:282-287.
Reddy, T.G. and Gonathy, S. (1977). Toxicity and respiratory effect on catfish Mystus vittatus, Ind. J. Env. Hlth., 19:360-363.
Rosenthal, H.L., Pfluke, M.L. and Buscaglia, S. (1957). A stable iron reagent for determination of Cholesterol. J. Lab. Clin. Med., 50:318.
Schocttiger, R.A. (1970). Toxicity of thiodon in several fish and aquatic invertebrates. U.S. dept. Int. Fish. Wildl. Serv. Rep., 35.
Sharma, R.R., Pandey, A.K. and Shukla, G.R. (2001). Histopathological alterations in fish tissues Induced by pesticides toxicity. Aquacult., 2: 31-43.
Shell, E.W. (1961). Chemical composition of blood of small mouthbass. Res. Rep. U.S. Wildl. Serv., 57:1-36.
Shrivastava, S., Singh, S. and Shrivastava, K. (2002). Effect of carbaryl on glucose content in the brain of Heteropneustes fossilis. J. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Monit., 12:205-208.
Singh, N.N. and Srivastava, A.K.(1998). Formothion induced biochemical changes in blood and tissues of freshwater catfish Heteropneustes fossilis. Malys. Appl. Biol., 27:39-43
Suhail, M., Athar, J. and Rizvi, S.I. (1988). Lipid changes in red cell membrane in leukemia., Ind. J. Med. Res., 88:350- 355.
Talwar, P.K. and Jhingran, R.J. (1991). Inland Fishes. vol. 2, Oxford & IBH Pub. Co. Pvt. Ltd., India.
Tandon, R.S. and Dubey, A. (1983). Toxic effects of two organophosphorus pesticides on Fructose 1,6, diphosphate Aldolase activity of liver, brain and gills of the freshwater fish Clarias batrachus. Environ. Pollut., 31:1-7.
Thosar, M.R. and Lonker, A.N. (2004). Respiratory response of male fish Labestes reticulatus exposed to sublethal concentration of insecticide Metasystox., J. Ecol. Occup. Hlth., 4:62-67.
Tiez., N.W. (1970). Fundamentals of clinical chemistry, W.B. Saunders Co., USA.
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Toxic effects of endosulfan on cholesterol levels of liver, brain and gills of stinging catfish, Heteropneustes fossilis. (2011). Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 3(1), 93-96. https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v3i1.162
