Effect of sowing methods, nutrients and seed rate on mungbean (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek) growth, productivity and water-use efficiency
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Abstract
A experiment comprising of 18 treatments i.e. two sowing methods (flat bed - 30 cm spacing, and raisedbed with two mungbean (Vigna radiata) rows bed–1 on 67.5 cm including 30 cm furrow), three seed rates (10, 15 and 20 kg ha–1 ) and three nutrient treatments (6.25 + 20.0, 9.38 + 30.0 and 12.5 + 40.0 kg N+P2O5 ha–1 ) was conducted at the Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India during kharif 2007 to 2009. The mungbean grain yield recorded in 2008 was similar in 2009 but higher than 2007. The increase of 3.94% in grain yield was recorded in raised-bed than in flat bed. The grain yield recorded with seed rate of 20 kg ha–1 was higher than with 10 kg ha–1 but similar with 15 kg ha-1 in 2006 and 2008. The grain yield recorded with 12.5 kg N + 40 kg P2O5 ha–1 was higher (p<0.05) than other treatments. Raised-bed planting with 33.3% lesser irrigation water used recorded 3.91% lesser water use than flat bed planting and 9.77% higher water use efficiency (WUE) (p<0.05) as compared to flat bed planting. Seed rate of 20 kg ha–1 recorded 35.9 and 8.9% higher (p<0.05) WUE than with 10 and 15 kg ha-1 . The highest WUE was recorded with 12.5 kg N + 40 kg P2O5 ha–1 which was higher (p<0.05) than 6.25 kg N + 20 kg P2O5 ha–1 but at par with 9.38 kg N + 24 kg P2O5 ha–1 .
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Keywords
Mungbean, Nutrients, Raised-bed sowing, Sowing methods, Water use efficiency
References
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Anonymous (2013b) Package of practices for crops of Punjab. Kharif 2014. Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana. 31:62–66.
Baijukya, F.P., Ridder, N.D. and Giller, K.E. (2005) Managing legume cover crops and their residues to enhance productivity of degraded soils in the humid tropics: A case study in Bukoba district, Tanzania. Nutr. Cycl. Agroecosys. 73:75–87.
Bhatt, R., Kukal S.S., Busari MA, Arora S and Yadav M. 2016. Sustainability issues on rice–wheat cropping system. Intl Soil Water Con. Res., 4: 64¬74.
Bing, L.I.U., Xiao-bing, L.I.U., Cheng, W., Jian, J.I.N., Herbert, S.J. and Hashemi, M. (2010) Responses of soybean yield and yield components to light enrichment and planting density. Int J. Plant Prod. 4:1735-
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Dhindwal, A.S., Hooda, I.S., Malik, R.K. and Kumar, S. (2006) Water productivity of furrow irrigated rainy season pulses planted on raised beds. Indian J. Agron. 51:49–53.
Hira, G.S. (2009) Water management in northern states and the food security of India. J. Crop Improvement 23:136–157.
Kabir, M.H. and Sarkar, M.A.R. (2008) Seed yield of mungbean as affected by variety and plant spacing in Kharif-I season. J. Bangladesh Agric. Univ. 6:239–244.
Kantwa, S.R., Ahlawat, I.P.S. and Gangaiah, B. (2006) Performance of sole and intercropped pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan) as influenced by land configuration, post-monsoon irrigation and phosphorus fertilization. Indian J. Agric. Sci. 76:635–637.
Kumar, P., Rana, K.S. and Rana, D.S. (2012) Effect of planting systems and phosphorus with bio-fertilizers on the performance of sole and intercropped pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan) under rainfed conditions Indian J. Agron. 57:127–132.
Malik, M.A., Saleem, M.F., Ali, A. and Ishaq, R.A.F. (2006) Effect of sowing dates and planting pattern on growth and yield of mungbean (Vigna radiata L.). J. Agric. Res. 44:139-146.
Mansoor, M., Khan, H., Ayaz, M., Zubair, M. and Nadim, M.A. (2010) Effect of different planting densities on some physiological parameters of mungbean. Gomal Univ J. Res. 26:1-8.
Maynard, M. (1991) Permanent beds-their potential role in soil management for the future. Large Area. Farmers' Newsletter No. 137. Irrigation Research and Extension Committee, CSIRO Centre for Irrigation Research, Griffith, NSW 14–18.
Mondal, M.M.A., Puteh, A., Malek, M.A. and Ismail, R. (2012) Determination of optimum seed rate for mungbean based on morpho-physiological criteria. Legume Res. 35:126–131.
Panwar, G. and Sharma, B.B. (2004) Effect of planting date, seed rate and row spacing on yield and yield attributes of bold seeded mungbean during spring/summer season. Indian J. Pulses Res 17:45–46.
Panwar, J.D.S. and Sirobi, G.S. (1987) Studies on the effect of plant population of grain yield and its components in mungbean. Indian J. Plant Physiol. 309:412–414.
Ram, H., Singh, G., Aggarwal, N. and Kaur, J. (2011) Soybean (Glycine max) growth, productivity and water use under different sowing methods and seeding rates in Punjab. Indian J. Agron. 56:377–380.
Ram, H., Yadvinder-Singh, Saini, K.S., Kler, D.S., Timsina, J. and Humphreys, E.J. (2012) Agronomic and economic evaluation of permanent raised beds, no tillage and straw mulching for an irrigated maize-wheat system in northwest India. Expl Agric. 48:21–38.
Rodell, M., Velicogna, I. and Famiglietti, J.S. (2009) Satellite-based estimates of groundwater depletion in India. Nature 460:999–1002.
Shah, Z., Shah, S.H., Peoples, M.B., Schwenke, B.D. and Herridge, D.F. (2003) Crop residue and fertilizer N effects on nitrogen fixation and yields of legume–cereal rotations and soil organic fertility. Field Crops Res., 83:1–11.
Singh, G., Ram, H., Sekhon, H.S., Aggarwal, N., Kumar, M., Kaur, P., Kaur, J. and Sharma, P. (2011a) Effect of nitrogen and phosphorus application on productivity of summer mungbean sown after wheat. J. Food Legumes 24:327-329.
Singh, G., Sekhon, H.S., Singh, G., Brar, J.S., Bains, T.S. and Shanmugasundarum, M. (2011b) Effect of plant density on the growth and yield of mungbean (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilzek.) genotypes under different environments in India and Taiwan. Int. J. Agric. Res., 6:573-583.
Tickoo, J.L., Chandra, N., Gangaiah, B. and Dikshit, H.K. (2006) Performance of mungbean (Vigrna radiata) varieties at different row spacings and nitrogen-phosphorus fertilizer levels. Indian J. Agric. Sci., 76:564–565.
Timsina, J. and Connor D.J. (2001) Productivity and management of rice-wheat cropping systems: issues and challenges. Field Crops Res., 69:93–132.
Vance, C. (1991) Root bacteria interactions. In: Waisel, Y., Amram, U. And Kafkafi, U. (Eds.), Plant Roots-the Hidden Half. Marcel Dekker, New York, 671–701.
Ambast, S.K., Tyagi, N.K. and Raul, S.K. (2006) Management of declining groundwater in the Trans Indo-Gangetic Plain (India): Some options. Agric. Water Manage. 82:279–296.
Anonymous (2013a) Project Coordinator Report. All India Coordinated Research Project on MULLaRP (ICAR). Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur, India, 21.
Anonymous (2013b) Package of practices for crops of Punjab. Kharif 2014. Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana. 31:62–66.
Baijukya, F.P., Ridder, N.D. and Giller, K.E. (2005) Managing legume cover crops and their residues to enhance productivity of degraded soils in the humid tropics: A case study in Bukoba district, Tanzania. Nutr. Cycl. Agroecosys. 73:75–87.
Bhatt, R., Kukal S.S., Busari MA, Arora S and Yadav M. 2016. Sustainability issues on rice–wheat cropping system. Intl Soil Water Con. Res., 4: 64¬74.
Bing, L.I.U., Xiao-bing, L.I.U., Cheng, W., Jian, J.I.N., Herbert, S.J. and Hashemi, M. (2010) Responses of soybean yield and yield components to light enrichment and planting density. Int J. Plant Prod. 4:1735-
8043.
Dainavizadeh, P and Mehranzadeh, M. (2013) Effect of seed rate on growth, yield components and yield of mungbean grown under irrigated conditions in the North of Khuzestan. Int J. Agric. Crop Sci. 5:2359-2364.
Dhadli, H.S., Gurpreet-Singh, Yadvinder-Singh and Sukhpreet-Singh (2009) Evaluation of different crops on permanent raised-beds on Vertic Ustochrepts in Punjab, India. In Abstracts 4th World Congress on Conservation Agriculture February 4–7, 2009 at New Delhi India. 111.
Dhindwal, A.S., Hooda, I.S., Malik, R.K. and Kumar, S. (2006) Water productivity of furrow irrigated rainy season pulses planted on raised beds. Indian J. Agron. 51:49–53.
Hira, G.S. (2009) Water management in northern states and the food security of India. J. Crop Improvement 23:136–157.
Kabir, M.H. and Sarkar, M.A.R. (2008) Seed yield of mungbean as affected by variety and plant spacing in Kharif-I season. J. Bangladesh Agric. Univ. 6:239–244.
Kantwa, S.R., Ahlawat, I.P.S. and Gangaiah, B. (2006) Performance of sole and intercropped pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan) as influenced by land configuration, post-monsoon irrigation and phosphorus fertilization. Indian J. Agric. Sci. 76:635–637.
Kumar, P., Rana, K.S. and Rana, D.S. (2012) Effect of planting systems and phosphorus with bio-fertilizers on the performance of sole and intercropped pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan) under rainfed conditions Indian J. Agron. 57:127–132.
Malik, M.A., Saleem, M.F., Ali, A. and Ishaq, R.A.F. (2006) Effect of sowing dates and planting pattern on growth and yield of mungbean (Vigna radiata L.). J. Agric. Res. 44:139-146.
Mansoor, M., Khan, H., Ayaz, M., Zubair, M. and Nadim, M.A. (2010) Effect of different planting densities on some physiological parameters of mungbean. Gomal Univ J. Res. 26:1-8.
Maynard, M. (1991) Permanent beds-their potential role in soil management for the future. Large Area. Farmers' Newsletter No. 137. Irrigation Research and Extension Committee, CSIRO Centre for Irrigation Research, Griffith, NSW 14–18.
Mondal, M.M.A., Puteh, A., Malek, M.A. and Ismail, R. (2012) Determination of optimum seed rate for mungbean based on morpho-physiological criteria. Legume Res. 35:126–131.
Panwar, G. and Sharma, B.B. (2004) Effect of planting date, seed rate and row spacing on yield and yield attributes of bold seeded mungbean during spring/summer season. Indian J. Pulses Res 17:45–46.
Panwar, J.D.S. and Sirobi, G.S. (1987) Studies on the effect of plant population of grain yield and its components in mungbean. Indian J. Plant Physiol. 309:412–414.
Ram, H., Singh, G., Aggarwal, N. and Kaur, J. (2011) Soybean (Glycine max) growth, productivity and water use under different sowing methods and seeding rates in Punjab. Indian J. Agron. 56:377–380.
Ram, H., Yadvinder-Singh, Saini, K.S., Kler, D.S., Timsina, J. and Humphreys, E.J. (2012) Agronomic and economic evaluation of permanent raised beds, no tillage and straw mulching for an irrigated maize-wheat system in northwest India. Expl Agric. 48:21–38.
Rodell, M., Velicogna, I. and Famiglietti, J.S. (2009) Satellite-based estimates of groundwater depletion in India. Nature 460:999–1002.
Shah, Z., Shah, S.H., Peoples, M.B., Schwenke, B.D. and Herridge, D.F. (2003) Crop residue and fertilizer N effects on nitrogen fixation and yields of legume–cereal rotations and soil organic fertility. Field Crops Res., 83:1–11.
Singh, G., Ram, H., Sekhon, H.S., Aggarwal, N., Kumar, M., Kaur, P., Kaur, J. and Sharma, P. (2011a) Effect of nitrogen and phosphorus application on productivity of summer mungbean sown after wheat. J. Food Legumes 24:327-329.
Singh, G., Sekhon, H.S., Singh, G., Brar, J.S., Bains, T.S. and Shanmugasundarum, M. (2011b) Effect of plant density on the growth and yield of mungbean (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilzek.) genotypes under different environments in India and Taiwan. Int. J. Agric. Res., 6:573-583.
Tickoo, J.L., Chandra, N., Gangaiah, B. and Dikshit, H.K. (2006) Performance of mungbean (Vigrna radiata) varieties at different row spacings and nitrogen-phosphorus fertilizer levels. Indian J. Agric. Sci., 76:564–565.
Timsina, J. and Connor D.J. (2001) Productivity and management of rice-wheat cropping systems: issues and challenges. Field Crops Res., 69:93–132.
Vance, C. (1991) Root bacteria interactions. In: Waisel, Y., Amram, U. And Kafkafi, U. (Eds.), Plant Roots-the Hidden Half. Marcel Dekker, New York, 671–701.
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How to Cite
Effect of sowing methods, nutrients and seed rate on mungbean (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek) growth, productivity and water-use efficiency. (2018). Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 10(1), 190-195. https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v10i1.1602
