Photoperiod-induced clock-shifting in the circadian protein and amino acid rhythms in the larval fat body of silkworm, Bombyx mori
Article Main
Abstract
The photoperiod-induced clock-shifting in the free running time of the circadian protein and amino acid rhythms was studied in the larval fat body of Bombyx mori. The analysis of peaks and troughs of phase response curves of the rhythm revealed that the fourth and fifth instar larvae grown under normal 12 h light and 12 h dark cycle (LD) showed 7 protein synthetic cycles, while those reared under continuous light (LL) recorded 9.5 cycles in fourth instar and 8 in fifth instar. Under continuous dark (DD), the protein rhythm maintained 8 cycles in fourth instar and 7.5 cycles in fifth instar. Clearly, both LL and DD conditions advance the 24-h free running time of the protein rhythm by durations ranging from 1.6 to 6.5 h. Comparative analysis of protein and amino acid rhythms shows that the photoperiod modulates the free running time of the former by altering the rate of amino acid mobilization.
Article Details
Article Details
Keywords
Bombyx mori, Circadian amino acid rhythm, Circadian protein rhythm, Fat body, Photoperiod
References
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Chen, W. and You, Q. (2004). Studies on properties of sericin protein of Bombyx mori Part III: Denaturation and deterioration of sericin at high temperature and high humidities. Bull. Ind. Acad. Seri., 8 (1): 23-28.
Ciechanover, A. (2005). Proteolysis from the lysosome to ubiquitin and the proteasome. Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol., 6: 79-87.
Colowick, S. P. and Kaplan, N.O. (1957). Methods in Enzymology. Academic Press, New York, 63: 28.
Damiola, F., Le Minh, N., Preitner, N., Kornmann, B., Fleury- Olela, F. and Schibler, U. (2000). Restricted feeding uncouples circadian oscillators in peripheral tissues from the central pacemaker in the suprachiasmatic nucleus. Genes Dev., 14 (23): 2950-2961.
David, B.V. and Ananthakrishnan, T.N. (2006). General and Applied Entomology. New Delhi: Tata McGRaw – Hill Publishing Company Ltd., 56–65.
Dolezel, D., Zdechovanova, L., Sauman, I. and Hodkova, M. (2008). Endocrine-dependent expression of circadian clock genes in insects. Cell Mol Life Sci., 65(6): 964 -969.
Durand, B., Drevet, J. and Couble, P. (1992). P25 Gene regulation in Bombyx mori silk gland: two promoter – binding factors have distinct tissue and developmental specificities. Mol. Cell Biol., 12: 5768 - 5777.
Forster, C.H. (2000). Differential control of morning and evening components in the activity rhythm of Drosophila melanogaster-sex-specific differences suggest a different quality of activity. J. Biol. Rhythms, 15 (2): 135-154.
Fukuta, M., Matsuno, K., Hui, C., Nagata, T., Takiya, S., Xu, P.-X., Ueno, K. and Suzuki,Y. (1993). Molecular cloning of a POU domain-containing factor involved in the regulation of the Bombyx sericin-1 gene. J. Boil. Chem., 268: 19471-19475.
Gizelak, K. (1995). Control of expression of silk protein genes. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B: Biochem. Mol. Boil., 110: 671-681.
Grima, B., Chelot, B.E., Xia, R. and Rouyer, F. (2004). Morning and evening peaks of activity rely on different clock neurons of the Drosophila brain. Nature, 431:862-868.
Hall, J.D. (2003). Genetics and Molecular Biology of Rhythms in Drosophila and other insects. Academic Press, Amsterdam, pp 286.
Hardin, P.E. (2004). Transcription regulation within the circadian clock: the E – box and beyond. J. Biol. Rhythms, 19: 348-360.
Hou, Y., Xia, Q., Zhao, P., Yong Zou , Y., Liu, H., Guan, J., Gong, J. and Xiang, Z. (2007). Studies on middle and posterior silk glands of silkworm (Bombyx mori) using two-dimensional electrophoresis and mass spectrometry. Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol., 37: 486-496.
Inoue, A., Tanaka, K. and Arisakaffi, F. (2000). Silk fibroin of Bombyx mori is secreted, assembling a high molecular mass elementary unit consisting of H-chain,L-chain, and P25, with a 6:6:1 molar ratio. J. Biol. Chem., 275: 40517-40528.
Ishikawa, E. and Suzuki ,Y. (1985). Tissue and stage-specific expression of sericin genes in the middle silk gland of Bombyx mori. Dev. Growth Diff., 27: 73-82.
Iwai, S., Fukui, Y., Fujiwara, Y. and Takeda, M. (2006). Structure and expressions of two circadian clock genes, period and timeless in the commercial silkmoth, Bombyx mori. J. Insect Physiol., 52(6): 625-637.
Kanyan Xu., Zheng, X. and Seghal, A. (2008). Regulation of feeding and metabolism by neuronal and peripheral clocks in Drosophila. Cell Metabolism, 8: 289-300.
Kenny, N.A. and Saunders, D.S. (1991). Adult locomotor rhythmicity as “hands” of the maternal photoperiodic clock regulating larval diapause in the blowfly, Calliphora vicina. J. Biol. Rhythms, 6: 217-233.
Kimura, K., Oyama, F., Ueda, H., Mizuno ,S. and Shimura, K. (1985). Molecular cloning of the fibroin light chain complementary DNA and its use in the study of the expression of the light chain gene in the posterior silk gland of Bombyx mori. Experientia, 41: 1167-1171.
Kita, Y., Shiozawa, M., Jin, W., Majewski, R. R., Besharse, J.C., Greene, A.S. and Jacob, H.J. (2002). Implications of circadian gene expression in kidney, liver and the effects of fasting on pharmacogenomic studies. Pharmacogenetics, 12 (1): 55-65.
Koga, M., Ushirogawa, H. and Tomioka, K. (2005). Photoperiodic modulation of circadian rhythms in the cricket, Gryllus bimaculatus. J. Insect Physiol., 51: 219- 230
Krishnaswami, S. (1986). New technology of silkworm rearing. Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore, India.
Kyung, H.S., Su, J.J., Young, R.S., Seok, W.K. and Sung, S.H. (2006). Identification of up-regulated proteins in the hemolymph of immunized Bombyx mori larvae.Comp. Biochem. Physiol., D1: 260-266.
Lowry, O.H., Rosenbrough, N.J., Farra, L. and Randall, R.J. (1951). Protein measurement with Folin phenol reagent. J. Biol. Chem., 1933: 265 – 275.
Michaille, J.J., Garel, A. and Prudhomme, J.C. (1989). The expression of five middle silk gland specific genes is territorially regulated during the larval development of Bombyx mori. Insect Biochem., 19: 19-27.
Moore, S. and Stein, W.A. (1954). A modified ninhydrin reagent for the photometric determination of amino acids and related compounds. J. Biol. Chem., 211: 907-913.
Obara, T. and Suzuki, Y. (1988). Temporal and spatial control of silk gene transcription analyzed by nuclear run-on assay. Devl. Biol., 127: 384-391.
Paijo, S. (2010). ‘Fat body’. Retrieved December, 20 2010 from http://insectspedia.blogspot.com/2010/10/fat-body.
Peschel, N., Chen, K.F., Szabo, G. and Stanewsky, R. (2009). Light-dependent interactions between the Drosophila circadian clock factors cryptochrome, jetlag and timeless. Curr. Biol., 19(3): 241-247.
Reppert, S.M. (2006). A colorful model of the circadian clock. Cell, 124: 233-236.
Sailaja, B. and Sivaprasad, S. (2010 a). Photoperiodic modulation of circadian rhythms in the silk gland protein profiles of Bombyx mori and its influence on the silk productivity and quality. J. Appl. & Nat. Sci., 2(1): 48-56.
Sailaja, B. and Sivaprasad, S. (2010 b). Photoperiodic modulation of circadian protein rhythm in the silk gland of Bombyx mori during fourth instar development. Bioscan., 5 (2): 177- 183.
Sehadova, H., Markova, E.P., Sehnal, F. and Takeda, M.(2004). Distribution of circadian clock related proteins in the cephalic nervous system of the silkworm, Bombyx mori. Journal of Biological Rhythms, 19:466-482.
Scott, R.C., Schuldiner, O. and Neufeld, T.P. (2004). Role and regulation of starvation-induced autophagy in the Drosophila fat body. Dev. Cell,7;167-178.
Shafer, T.O., Levine, J.D., Truman, J.W. and Hall, J.C. (2004). Flies by night: Effects of changing day length on Drosophila’s circadian clock. Curr. Biol.,14 (5): 424-432.
Sharma, V. K. (2003). Adaptive significance of circadian clocks. Chronobiol. Int., (20):901-919.
Shimizu, I., Kawai, Y., Tainguchi, M. and Aoki, S. (2001). Circadian rhythm and cDNA cloning of the clock gene period in the honeybee Apis cerana japonica. Zoological Science, 18: 778-789.
Stokkan, K.A., Yamazaki, S., Tei, H., Sakaki, Y. and Menaker, M. (2001). Entrainment of the circadian clock in the liver by feeding. Science, 291(5503): 490-493.
Stoleru, D., Peng, Y., Agosto, J. and Rosbash, M. (2004). Coupled oscillators control morning and evening locomotor behaviour of Drosophila. Nature, 431: 862-868.
Syrova, Z., Dolezel, D., Saumann, I. and Hodkova, M. (2003). Photoperiodic regulation of diapause in linden bugs: Are period and Clock genes involved? Cell. Mol. Life Sci., 60: 2510-2515.
Takasu, Y., Yamada, H., Saito, H. and Tsubouchi, K. (2005). Characterization of Bombyx mori Sericins by the Partial Amino Acid Sequences. J. Insect Biotechnology and Sericology, 74: 103-109.
Yamaoka, K., Hoshino, M. and Hirai, T.(1971). Role of sensory hairs on the anal papillae in oviposition behaviour of Bombyx mori. J. Insect Physiol., 47: 2327-2336.
Zhang, P. B., Aso, Y.K., Yamamoto, Banno, Y., Wang, Y.Q., Tsuchida, K.Y., Kawaguchi and Fujii, H. (2006). Proteome analysis of silk gland proteins from the silkworm, Bombyx mori. Proteomics, 6: 2586-2599.
Chen, W. and You, Q. (2004). Studies on properties of sericin protein of Bombyx mori Part III: Denaturation and deterioration of sericin at high temperature and high humidities. Bull. Ind. Acad. Seri., 8 (1): 23-28.
Ciechanover, A. (2005). Proteolysis from the lysosome to ubiquitin and the proteasome. Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol., 6: 79-87.
Colowick, S. P. and Kaplan, N.O. (1957). Methods in Enzymology. Academic Press, New York, 63: 28.
Damiola, F., Le Minh, N., Preitner, N., Kornmann, B., Fleury- Olela, F. and Schibler, U. (2000). Restricted feeding uncouples circadian oscillators in peripheral tissues from the central pacemaker in the suprachiasmatic nucleus. Genes Dev., 14 (23): 2950-2961.
David, B.V. and Ananthakrishnan, T.N. (2006). General and Applied Entomology. New Delhi: Tata McGRaw – Hill Publishing Company Ltd., 56–65.
Dolezel, D., Zdechovanova, L., Sauman, I. and Hodkova, M. (2008). Endocrine-dependent expression of circadian clock genes in insects. Cell Mol Life Sci., 65(6): 964 -969.
Durand, B., Drevet, J. and Couble, P. (1992). P25 Gene regulation in Bombyx mori silk gland: two promoter – binding factors have distinct tissue and developmental specificities. Mol. Cell Biol., 12: 5768 - 5777.
Forster, C.H. (2000). Differential control of morning and evening components in the activity rhythm of Drosophila melanogaster-sex-specific differences suggest a different quality of activity. J. Biol. Rhythms, 15 (2): 135-154.
Fukuta, M., Matsuno, K., Hui, C., Nagata, T., Takiya, S., Xu, P.-X., Ueno, K. and Suzuki,Y. (1993). Molecular cloning of a POU domain-containing factor involved in the regulation of the Bombyx sericin-1 gene. J. Boil. Chem., 268: 19471-19475.
Gizelak, K. (1995). Control of expression of silk protein genes. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B: Biochem. Mol. Boil., 110: 671-681.
Grima, B., Chelot, B.E., Xia, R. and Rouyer, F. (2004). Morning and evening peaks of activity rely on different clock neurons of the Drosophila brain. Nature, 431:862-868.
Hall, J.D. (2003). Genetics and Molecular Biology of Rhythms in Drosophila and other insects. Academic Press, Amsterdam, pp 286.
Hardin, P.E. (2004). Transcription regulation within the circadian clock: the E – box and beyond. J. Biol. Rhythms, 19: 348-360.
Hou, Y., Xia, Q., Zhao, P., Yong Zou , Y., Liu, H., Guan, J., Gong, J. and Xiang, Z. (2007). Studies on middle and posterior silk glands of silkworm (Bombyx mori) using two-dimensional electrophoresis and mass spectrometry. Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol., 37: 486-496.
Inoue, A., Tanaka, K. and Arisakaffi, F. (2000). Silk fibroin of Bombyx mori is secreted, assembling a high molecular mass elementary unit consisting of H-chain,L-chain, and P25, with a 6:6:1 molar ratio. J. Biol. Chem., 275: 40517-40528.
Ishikawa, E. and Suzuki ,Y. (1985). Tissue and stage-specific expression of sericin genes in the middle silk gland of Bombyx mori. Dev. Growth Diff., 27: 73-82.
Iwai, S., Fukui, Y., Fujiwara, Y. and Takeda, M. (2006). Structure and expressions of two circadian clock genes, period and timeless in the commercial silkmoth, Bombyx mori. J. Insect Physiol., 52(6): 625-637.
Kanyan Xu., Zheng, X. and Seghal, A. (2008). Regulation of feeding and metabolism by neuronal and peripheral clocks in Drosophila. Cell Metabolism, 8: 289-300.
Kenny, N.A. and Saunders, D.S. (1991). Adult locomotor rhythmicity as “hands” of the maternal photoperiodic clock regulating larval diapause in the blowfly, Calliphora vicina. J. Biol. Rhythms, 6: 217-233.
Kimura, K., Oyama, F., Ueda, H., Mizuno ,S. and Shimura, K. (1985). Molecular cloning of the fibroin light chain complementary DNA and its use in the study of the expression of the light chain gene in the posterior silk gland of Bombyx mori. Experientia, 41: 1167-1171.
Kita, Y., Shiozawa, M., Jin, W., Majewski, R. R., Besharse, J.C., Greene, A.S. and Jacob, H.J. (2002). Implications of circadian gene expression in kidney, liver and the effects of fasting on pharmacogenomic studies. Pharmacogenetics, 12 (1): 55-65.
Koga, M., Ushirogawa, H. and Tomioka, K. (2005). Photoperiodic modulation of circadian rhythms in the cricket, Gryllus bimaculatus. J. Insect Physiol., 51: 219- 230
Krishnaswami, S. (1986). New technology of silkworm rearing. Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore, India.
Kyung, H.S., Su, J.J., Young, R.S., Seok, W.K. and Sung, S.H. (2006). Identification of up-regulated proteins in the hemolymph of immunized Bombyx mori larvae.Comp. Biochem. Physiol., D1: 260-266.
Lowry, O.H., Rosenbrough, N.J., Farra, L. and Randall, R.J. (1951). Protein measurement with Folin phenol reagent. J. Biol. Chem., 1933: 265 – 275.
Michaille, J.J., Garel, A. and Prudhomme, J.C. (1989). The expression of five middle silk gland specific genes is territorially regulated during the larval development of Bombyx mori. Insect Biochem., 19: 19-27.
Moore, S. and Stein, W.A. (1954). A modified ninhydrin reagent for the photometric determination of amino acids and related compounds. J. Biol. Chem., 211: 907-913.
Obara, T. and Suzuki, Y. (1988). Temporal and spatial control of silk gene transcription analyzed by nuclear run-on assay. Devl. Biol., 127: 384-391.
Paijo, S. (2010). ‘Fat body’. Retrieved December, 20 2010 from http://insectspedia.blogspot.com/2010/10/fat-body.
Peschel, N., Chen, K.F., Szabo, G. and Stanewsky, R. (2009). Light-dependent interactions between the Drosophila circadian clock factors cryptochrome, jetlag and timeless. Curr. Biol., 19(3): 241-247.
Reppert, S.M. (2006). A colorful model of the circadian clock. Cell, 124: 233-236.
Sailaja, B. and Sivaprasad, S. (2010 a). Photoperiodic modulation of circadian rhythms in the silk gland protein profiles of Bombyx mori and its influence on the silk productivity and quality. J. Appl. & Nat. Sci., 2(1): 48-56.
Sailaja, B. and Sivaprasad, S. (2010 b). Photoperiodic modulation of circadian protein rhythm in the silk gland of Bombyx mori during fourth instar development. Bioscan., 5 (2): 177- 183.
Sehadova, H., Markova, E.P., Sehnal, F. and Takeda, M.(2004). Distribution of circadian clock related proteins in the cephalic nervous system of the silkworm, Bombyx mori. Journal of Biological Rhythms, 19:466-482.
Scott, R.C., Schuldiner, O. and Neufeld, T.P. (2004). Role and regulation of starvation-induced autophagy in the Drosophila fat body. Dev. Cell,7;167-178.
Shafer, T.O., Levine, J.D., Truman, J.W. and Hall, J.C. (2004). Flies by night: Effects of changing day length on Drosophila’s circadian clock. Curr. Biol.,14 (5): 424-432.
Sharma, V. K. (2003). Adaptive significance of circadian clocks. Chronobiol. Int., (20):901-919.
Shimizu, I., Kawai, Y., Tainguchi, M. and Aoki, S. (2001). Circadian rhythm and cDNA cloning of the clock gene period in the honeybee Apis cerana japonica. Zoological Science, 18: 778-789.
Stokkan, K.A., Yamazaki, S., Tei, H., Sakaki, Y. and Menaker, M. (2001). Entrainment of the circadian clock in the liver by feeding. Science, 291(5503): 490-493.
Stoleru, D., Peng, Y., Agosto, J. and Rosbash, M. (2004). Coupled oscillators control morning and evening locomotor behaviour of Drosophila. Nature, 431: 862-868.
Syrova, Z., Dolezel, D., Saumann, I. and Hodkova, M. (2003). Photoperiodic regulation of diapause in linden bugs: Are period and Clock genes involved? Cell. Mol. Life Sci., 60: 2510-2515.
Takasu, Y., Yamada, H., Saito, H. and Tsubouchi, K. (2005). Characterization of Bombyx mori Sericins by the Partial Amino Acid Sequences. J. Insect Biotechnology and Sericology, 74: 103-109.
Yamaoka, K., Hoshino, M. and Hirai, T.(1971). Role of sensory hairs on the anal papillae in oviposition behaviour of Bombyx mori. J. Insect Physiol., 47: 2327-2336.
Zhang, P. B., Aso, Y.K., Yamamoto, Banno, Y., Wang, Y.Q., Tsuchida, K.Y., Kawaguchi and Fujii, H. (2006). Proteome analysis of silk gland proteins from the silkworm, Bombyx mori. Proteomics, 6: 2586-2599.
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Photoperiod-induced clock-shifting in the circadian protein and amino acid rhythms in the larval fat body of silkworm, Bombyx mori. (2011). Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 3(1), 38-50. https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v3i1.151
