Effect of paper industry effluent on enzyme activity and protein profiling of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)
Article Main
Abstract
Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is a legume which is mostly cultivated in India than other countries that can give significant amounts of dietary minerals and protein to humans. The effect of paper industrial effluent on chick-pea (C. arietinum L.) were analysed along with different concentration (10%, 20% 40%, 60% 80% and 100%) and pure tap water as a control to compare the effect of paper industrial effluent for one week. The amount of protein were comparable with control, their amount was increased at 40% in effluent treated seeds. The maximum activity of enzymes was found below 40% level of effluent. In this study protein profile of imbibed seeds, shoot, root and residual cotyledons were examined under the different concentration of effluent. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of total protein showed that the maximum number of protein bands seen in the imbibed seeds whereas minimum number of protein bands observed in the root. SDS-PAGE revealed that less degradation and/or more rapid accumulation of proteins occurred in higher molecular weight proteins. From this study, it is clear that the industrial effluent rich in organic matter and plant nutrients are finding their use in agriculture as the cheaper way of disposal.
Article Details
Article Details
Keywords
Amylase, Chickpea, Imbibed seeds, Paper industry effluent, SDS-PAGE
References
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Chaudhary, R., Arya, S., Tyagi, S., Mishra, A. and Vaishali (2016). Morphological and Biochemical Analysis of Cicer arietinum L. under Paper Industrial Effluent Stress conditions. Journal of Applied and Natural Science 8 (4): 2099-2103.
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Divyapriya, S., Dimi, D. and Deepthi, K. P. (2014). Biochemical effect of industrial effluence on germinating seeds of Cicerarientum. International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 6(2): 538-542.
Duff, S.M.G., Sarath, G. and Plaxton, W.T. (1994). The role of acid phosphatases in plant phosphorus metabolism. PhysiologiaPlantarum, 90(4): 791-800.
FAOSTAT (2013). Food and agriculture organization of the united nations at: http://faostat3.fao.org/home/index.html.
Filner and Verner, J.E. (1967). A test for denovo synthesis of enzymes. Density labeling with H2O18 of barley, alpha amylase induced by gibberelic acid. Prac. Not 1 Acad, Sci., 58: 1520-1526.
Hameed, A., Shah, T.M., Atta, B.M., Iqbal, N., Haq M.A. and Ali, H. (2009). Comparative seed storage protein profiling of kabuli chickpea genotypes. Pak. J. Bot., 41(2): 703-710.
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Kieleczawa, J. Coughlan, S.J. and Hind, G. (1992). Isolation and Characterization of an Alkaline Phosphatase from Pea Thylakoids. Plant Physiol., 99(3): 1029-1036.
Kumar, S., Sahay, S.S. and Sinha, M.K. (1995). Bioassay of distillery effluent on common guppy, Lebister reticulates (peter) Bull. Environ. Contam. toxicol., 54: 309-316.
Kumari,V., Kumar, S., Haq,I., Yadav, A., Singh, V.K., Ali, Z.and Raj, A. (2014). Effect of tannery effluent toxicity on seed germination amylase activity and early seedling growth of mung bean (vigna radiata) seeds. International Journal of Latest Research in Science and Technology, 3(4):165-170.
Lea, P.J. (1990). Methods in Plant Biochemistry. Vol 3. Enzyme of primary metabolism academic Press. New York.
McLachlan, K.D. (1980). Acid phosphatase activity of intact roots and phosphorus nutrition in plants. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research, 31(3): 429-440.
Nath, K., Saini, S. and Sharma, Y.K. (2005). Chromium in tannery industry effluent and its effect on plant metabolism and growth.?Journal of Environmental Biology, 26(2): 197-204.
Nath, K., Singh, D., Shyam, S. and Shama, Y.K. (2009). Phytotoxic effects of chromium and tannery effluent on growth and metabolism of Phaseolus mungoRoxb. Journal of Environmental Biology, 30(2): 227-34.
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Roy, F., Boye, J. and Simpson, B. (2010). Bioactive proteins and peptides in pulse crops: Pea, chickpea and lentil. Food Research International, 43: 432-442.
Sang Wan S, Babbers and Varghese, T.M. (1997). Effect of salinity on growth and soluble content J. Indian soc.Soil science, 3(9): 402-404.
Sawhney, S.K. and Singh, Randhir (2007). Introductory praticalbiochemistry,Narosa Publishing House, 135- 142. New Delhi, INDIA.
Singh, A.P. and Sakal, R. (2001). Sewage sludge treated soils Distribution and translocation of micronutrient cations in different plant species. Sustainable use of Chemicals in Agriculture, 2: 23-32.
Singh, P.K. and Singh, D. (2015). Effect of ? Radiation on Seed storage Proteins of Chickpea using SDS-PAGE. Sch. Acad. J. Biosci., 3(1B): 104-107.
Upadhyay, V.K. and Pandey, G.C. (2013). Studies on the physiological and biochemical parameters of Wheat, Maize and Sweet pea under copper stress. International Journal of Advanced Research. 1(4): 46-51.
Varshney, R. K., Ribaut, J. M., Buckler, E. S., Tuberosa, R., Rafalski, J. A. and Langridge, P. (2012). Can genomics boost productivity of orphan crops.Nat. Biotechnol, 30: 1172-1176.
Wilson, K. and walker, J. (1996). Practical biochemistry principles and techniques. Yedu Cambridge University Press. London.
Amthussalam, A., Abusbacker, M. N. and Jayabal, N. J. (2002). Growth and physiological activity of green gram under effluent stress. Ind. Poll. Con., 118-119.
Bernfeld, P. (1955). Amylase alpha and beta. Meth Enzymol., 1: 149-158.
Chaudhary, R., Arya, S., Tyagi, S., Mishra, A. and Vaishali (2016). Morphological and Biochemical Analysis of Cicer arietinum L. under Paper Industrial Effluent Stress conditions. Journal of Applied and Natural Science 8 (4): 2099-2103.
Chugh, L.K. and Sawhney, S.K. (1996). Effect of cadmium on germination, amylases and rate of respiration of germinating pea seeds. Environmental pollution, 92(1): 1-5.
Divyapriya, S., Dimi, D. and Deepthi, K. P. (2014). Biochemical effect of industrial effluence on germinating seeds of Cicerarientum. International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 6(2): 538-542.
Duff, S.M.G., Sarath, G. and Plaxton, W.T. (1994). The role of acid phosphatases in plant phosphorus metabolism. PhysiologiaPlantarum, 90(4): 791-800.
FAOSTAT (2013). Food and agriculture organization of the united nations at: http://faostat3.fao.org/home/index.html.
Filner and Verner, J.E. (1967). A test for denovo synthesis of enzymes. Density labeling with H2O18 of barley, alpha amylase induced by gibberelic acid. Prac. Not 1 Acad, Sci., 58: 1520-1526.
Hameed, A., Shah, T.M., Atta, B.M., Iqbal, N., Haq M.A. and Ali, H. (2009). Comparative seed storage protein profiling of kabuli chickpea genotypes. Pak. J. Bot., 41(2): 703-710.
John, D.B.A., Kumar, P.B.J.R., Gracelin, D.H.S.G. and Jency, S.S. (2011). Drought Stress and Its Impact on Protein in Three Species of Vitex. Journal of Stress Physiology & Biochemistry, 7(3): 152-158.
Kakaei, M., Farshadfar, M., Moradi, F. and Mahmoudi, R. (2012). Study of Leaves and Seed Protein profiles of Chickpea (Cicerarientinum L.) under Drought Stress and non Stress conditions. Intl J Agri Crop Sci., 4 (6), 280-283.
Kaur, P., Kaur, J., Satvir Kaur, S., Singh, S. and Inderjit Singh, I. (2014). Salinity induced physiological and biochemical changes in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) genotypes. Journal of Applied and Natural Science 6 (2): 578-588.
Kieleczawa, J. Coughlan, S.J. and Hind, G. (1992). Isolation and Characterization of an Alkaline Phosphatase from Pea Thylakoids. Plant Physiol., 99(3): 1029-1036.
Kumar, S., Sahay, S.S. and Sinha, M.K. (1995). Bioassay of distillery effluent on common guppy, Lebister reticulates (peter) Bull. Environ. Contam. toxicol., 54: 309-316.
Kumari,V., Kumar, S., Haq,I., Yadav, A., Singh, V.K., Ali, Z.and Raj, A. (2014). Effect of tannery effluent toxicity on seed germination amylase activity and early seedling growth of mung bean (vigna radiata) seeds. International Journal of Latest Research in Science and Technology, 3(4):165-170.
Lea, P.J. (1990). Methods in Plant Biochemistry. Vol 3. Enzyme of primary metabolism academic Press. New York.
McLachlan, K.D. (1980). Acid phosphatase activity of intact roots and phosphorus nutrition in plants. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research, 31(3): 429-440.
Nath, K., Saini, S. and Sharma, Y.K. (2005). Chromium in tannery industry effluent and its effect on plant metabolism and growth.?Journal of Environmental Biology, 26(2): 197-204.
Nath, K., Singh, D., Shyam, S. and Shama, Y.K. (2009). Phytotoxic effects of chromium and tannery effluent on growth and metabolism of Phaseolus mungoRoxb. Journal of Environmental Biology, 30(2): 227-34.
Prince, N.C. and Stevens, L. (1982). Fundamental of enzymology. Oxford university press. Oxford.
Patel, K.P., Pandya, R.R., Maliwal, G.L., Patel, K.C., Ramani, V.P. and George, V. (2004). Heavy metal content of different effluents and their relative availability in soil irrigated with effluent waters around major industrial cities of Gujarat. Journal of Indian Society of Soil Science. Vol. 52: 89-94.
Roy, F., Boye, J. and Simpson, B. (2010). Bioactive proteins and peptides in pulse crops: Pea, chickpea and lentil. Food Research International, 43: 432-442.
Sang Wan S, Babbers and Varghese, T.M. (1997). Effect of salinity on growth and soluble content J. Indian soc.Soil science, 3(9): 402-404.
Sawhney, S.K. and Singh, Randhir (2007). Introductory praticalbiochemistry,Narosa Publishing House, 135- 142. New Delhi, INDIA.
Singh, A.P. and Sakal, R. (2001). Sewage sludge treated soils Distribution and translocation of micronutrient cations in different plant species. Sustainable use of Chemicals in Agriculture, 2: 23-32.
Singh, P.K. and Singh, D. (2015). Effect of ? Radiation on Seed storage Proteins of Chickpea using SDS-PAGE. Sch. Acad. J. Biosci., 3(1B): 104-107.
Upadhyay, V.K. and Pandey, G.C. (2013). Studies on the physiological and biochemical parameters of Wheat, Maize and Sweet pea under copper stress. International Journal of Advanced Research. 1(4): 46-51.
Varshney, R. K., Ribaut, J. M., Buckler, E. S., Tuberosa, R., Rafalski, J. A. and Langridge, P. (2012). Can genomics boost productivity of orphan crops.Nat. Biotechnol, 30: 1172-1176.
Wilson, K. and walker, J. (1996). Practical biochemistry principles and techniques. Yedu Cambridge University Press. London.
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Effect of paper industry effluent on enzyme activity and protein profiling of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). (2017). Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 9(4), 1910-1915. https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v9i4.1462
