Dynamics of Sclerotium rolfsii as influenced by different crop rhizosphere and microbial community
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Abstract
This study was carried out with the aim of evaluating pathogenicity of Sclerotium rolfsii to different crops influenced by different crop rhizosphere microbes and their population dynamics. Napier was found to be non-preferred host against S. rolfsii pathogen. Among the seven tested crops in micro-plot study, highest level of induction of sclerotial population was observed in groundnut and cow peas (21.81 and 20.06 numbers of sclerotia /100 g of soil, respectively), whereas, reduction in sclerotial number was observed in napier, maize and sorghum plots. S. rolfsii induced damping off was found to be significantly positively correlated with average sclerotial population irrespective of plant cover even at 1% level of significance (r = 0.985) and among the microbiological parameters, FDA was found to be significantly negatively correlated with damping off disease percentage at 5% level of significance (r = - 0.830). Therefore, Napier may be the potential crop to be incorporated in the sequence of rice/vegetable based cropping system in West Bengal for management of this dreaded pathogen.
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Keywords
Conducive soils, Crop rhizosphere, FDA, Soil borne pathogens, Suppressive soils
References
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Dasgupta, M.K. (1988). Principles of plant pathology. New Delhi: Allied Publisher Ltd. 1040 pp.
Devi, T.R. and Chhetry, G.K.N. (2012). Rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere microbial population dynamics and their effect on wilt causing pathogen of pigeonpea. Int J Sci Res Pub 2(5):1-4.
Elad, Y. and Chet, I. (1983). Improved selective media for isolation of Trichoderma spp. or Fusarium spp. Phytoparasitica 11(1):55-58.
Ferguson, L. M. and Shew, B.B. (2001). Wheat straw mulch and its impacts on three soilborne pathogens of peanut in microplots. Plant Disease. 85: 661-667.
Fery, R.L. and Dukes Sr., F.D. (2002). Southern blight (Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc.) of cowpea: yield-loss estimates and sources of resistance. Crop Prot. 21: 403–408.
Garren, K.H. (1961). Symposium on Scerotium rolfsii: Control of S. rolfsii through cultural practices. Phytopathology. 51:120-124.
Ghosh, P.P., Dutta, S. and Chattopadhyay, A. (2015) Integration of organic and inorganic amendments with native bioagents for bio-intensive management of vascular bacterial wilt on eggplant (Solanum melongena). Ind Phytopathol. 68(1):32-38.
Gupta, S.K., Sharma, A., Shyam, K.R. and Sharma, J.C. (2002). Role of soil temperature and moisture on the development of crown rot (Sclerotium rolfsii) of French bean. Plant Dis. Res. 17: 366-368.
Harinath Naidu (2000). Crossandra - a new host record for Sclerotium rolfsii. Ind Phytopathol 53: 496-497.
Harlapur, S.I. (1988). Studies on some aspects of foot rot to wheat caused by Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. M.Sc. (Agri) Thesis, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, 98-99.
Ingale, R.V. and Mayee, C.D. (1986). Efficacy and economics of some management practices of fungal diseases of groundnut. J. Oilseeds Res. 3: 201-204.
Jeffrey, L.S.H. (2008). Isolation, characterization and identification of actinomycetes from agricultural soils at Semongok, Sarawak. Afr J Biotechnol 7:3697-3702.
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Leach, L. D. and Davey, A. E. (1938). Determining the sclerotial population of Scleritium rolfsii by soil analysis and predicting losses of sugar beets on the basis of these analysis. J Agric Res 56:619-631.
Lynch J. M. and Whipps, J. M. (1990). Substrate flow in rhizosphere. Plant soil.129:1-10.
Mayee, C.D. and Datar, V.V. (1988). Diseases of groundnut in the tropics. Review Trop. Pl. Path. 5: 169-198.
Morsy, S.M. and El-Korany, A.E. (2007). Suppression of Damping off and Charcoal-rot of sunflower with composted and non-composted agricultural wastes. Egypt. J. Phytopathol. 35(2):23-38.
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Singh, A. and Singh, H.B. (2004). Control of collar rot in mint (Mentha sp.) caused by Sclerotium rolfsii using biological means. Curr. Sci. 87: 362-366.
Thiribhubanamala,. G, Rajeswar, E. and Sabitha Doraiswamy (1999). Inoculum levels of Sclerotium rolfsii on the incidence of stem rot in tomato. Madras Agric. J. 86: 334.
USDA (2003). Biological control of Fusarium wilt and other soil-borne pathogenic fungi.Retrieved from http://www.ars.usda.gov/research/projects/projects.htm?ACCN_NO=406590&fy=2003.
Utkhede R. S. and Rahe J. F. (1979). Wet sieving flotation technique for isolation of Sclerotium cepivorum from Muck soil. Phytopathology. 69:295-297.
van Agtmaal, M. (2015). Suppression of soil-borne plant pathogens. PhD thesis, Wageningen University, Wageningen, NL. Page No.: 11.
Wright, P.J., Falloon, R.E. and Hedderley, D. (2016). A long-term vegetable crop rotation study to determine effects on soil microbial communities and soilborne diseases of potato and onion, New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science, DOI: 10.1080/ 01140671. 2016.1229345.
Xu, Z.H., Harrington, T.C., Gleason, M.L. and Batzer, J.C. (2008). Phylogenetic placement of plant pathogenic Sclerotium species among teleomorph genera. Mycologia. 102(2): 337-346.
Cook, R.J. and Baker, K.F. (1983). The Na¬ture and Practice of Biological Control of Plant Pathogens. APS Press, St. Paul, MN.
Dasgupta, M.K. (1988). Principles of plant pathology. New Delhi: Allied Publisher Ltd. 1040 pp.
Devi, T.R. and Chhetry, G.K.N. (2012). Rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere microbial population dynamics and their effect on wilt causing pathogen of pigeonpea. Int J Sci Res Pub 2(5):1-4.
Elad, Y. and Chet, I. (1983). Improved selective media for isolation of Trichoderma spp. or Fusarium spp. Phytoparasitica 11(1):55-58.
Ferguson, L. M. and Shew, B.B. (2001). Wheat straw mulch and its impacts on three soilborne pathogens of peanut in microplots. Plant Disease. 85: 661-667.
Fery, R.L. and Dukes Sr., F.D. (2002). Southern blight (Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc.) of cowpea: yield-loss estimates and sources of resistance. Crop Prot. 21: 403–408.
Garren, K.H. (1961). Symposium on Scerotium rolfsii: Control of S. rolfsii through cultural practices. Phytopathology. 51:120-124.
Ghosh, P.P., Dutta, S. and Chattopadhyay, A. (2015) Integration of organic and inorganic amendments with native bioagents for bio-intensive management of vascular bacterial wilt on eggplant (Solanum melongena). Ind Phytopathol. 68(1):32-38.
Gupta, S.K., Sharma, A., Shyam, K.R. and Sharma, J.C. (2002). Role of soil temperature and moisture on the development of crown rot (Sclerotium rolfsii) of French bean. Plant Dis. Res. 17: 366-368.
Harinath Naidu (2000). Crossandra - a new host record for Sclerotium rolfsii. Ind Phytopathol 53: 496-497.
Harlapur, S.I. (1988). Studies on some aspects of foot rot to wheat caused by Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. M.Sc. (Agri) Thesis, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, 98-99.
Ingale, R.V. and Mayee, C.D. (1986). Efficacy and economics of some management practices of fungal diseases of groundnut. J. Oilseeds Res. 3: 201-204.
Jeffrey, L.S.H. (2008). Isolation, characterization and identification of actinomycetes from agricultural soils at Semongok, Sarawak. Afr J Biotechnol 7:3697-3702.
Kumar, N., Dagla, M. C., Ajay, B. C., Jadon, K. S. and Thirumalaisamy, P. P. (2013). Sclerotium Stem Rot: A Threat to Groundnut Production. Popular Kheti, 1(3): 26-30
Le, C.N. (2011). Diversity and biological control of Sclerotium rolfsii, causal agent of stem rot of groundnut.152 pp.
Leach, L. D. and Davey, A. E. (1938). Determining the sclerotial population of Scleritium rolfsii by soil analysis and predicting losses of sugar beets on the basis of these analysis. J Agric Res 56:619-631.
Lynch J. M. and Whipps, J. M. (1990). Substrate flow in rhizosphere. Plant soil.129:1-10.
Mayee, C.D. and Datar, V.V. (1988). Diseases of groundnut in the tropics. Review Trop. Pl. Path. 5: 169-198.
Morsy, S.M. and El-Korany, A.E. (2007). Suppression of Damping off and Charcoal-rot of sunflower with composted and non-composted agricultural wastes. Egypt. J. Phytopathol. 35(2):23-38.
Paramageetham, Ch. and Prasada Babu, G. (2012) Antagonistic Activity of Fluorescent Pseudomonads against a Polyphagous Soil Born Plant Pathogen – Sclerotium rolfsii. 1:436. doi:10.4172/scientificreports.436.
Schnurer, J. and Rosswall, T. (1982). Fluorescein Diacetate Hydrolysis as a measure of total microbial activity in soil and litter. Appl Environ Microbiol 43(6):1256-1261.
Singh, A. and Singh, H.B. (2004). Control of collar rot in mint (Mentha sp.) caused by Sclerotium rolfsii using biological means. Curr. Sci. 87: 362-366.
Thiribhubanamala,. G, Rajeswar, E. and Sabitha Doraiswamy (1999). Inoculum levels of Sclerotium rolfsii on the incidence of stem rot in tomato. Madras Agric. J. 86: 334.
USDA (2003). Biological control of Fusarium wilt and other soil-borne pathogenic fungi.Retrieved from http://www.ars.usda.gov/research/projects/projects.htm?ACCN_NO=406590&fy=2003.
Utkhede R. S. and Rahe J. F. (1979). Wet sieving flotation technique for isolation of Sclerotium cepivorum from Muck soil. Phytopathology. 69:295-297.
van Agtmaal, M. (2015). Suppression of soil-borne plant pathogens. PhD thesis, Wageningen University, Wageningen, NL. Page No.: 11.
Wright, P.J., Falloon, R.E. and Hedderley, D. (2016). A long-term vegetable crop rotation study to determine effects on soil microbial communities and soilborne diseases of potato and onion, New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science, DOI: 10.1080/ 01140671. 2016.1229345.
Xu, Z.H., Harrington, T.C., Gleason, M.L. and Batzer, J.C. (2008). Phylogenetic placement of plant pathogenic Sclerotium species among teleomorph genera. Mycologia. 102(2): 337-346.
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Dynamics of Sclerotium rolfsii as influenced by different crop rhizosphere and microbial community. (2017). Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 9(3), 1544-1550. https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v9i3.1399
