Effect of planting techniques and weed control treatments on growth and yield of wheat
Article Main
Abstract
A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of different planting techniques (conventional drill sowing at 16, 18 and 20 cm row spacing and bed planting with two and three rows in main plots) and weed control treatments (pinoxaden 50 g/ha, ready-mix (RM) of carfentrazone and metsulfuron 25 g/ha and pinoxaden 50 g/ha + RM of carfentrazone and metsulfuron 25 g/ha in subplots) on growth and productivity of wheat. The grain yield under row spacing 18 cm (53.30 q/ha), and 20 cm (52.02 q/ha), and three rows bed planting (51.96 q/ha) were recorded statistically at par with each other and significantly higher than 16 cm (49.37 q/ha) row spacing and two row bed planting (48.53 q/ha). Gross returns (Rs. 95637/ha) and net returns (Rs. 43929/ha) and B:C ratio (1.85) were record-ed higher under 18 cm row spacing compared to other planting techniques. Tank mixed application of pinoxaden 50 g/ha + RM of carfentrazone and metsulfuron 25 g/ha applied at 35 days after sowing (DAS) controlled both grassy and broad leaved weeds effectively with lower values of weed dry matter accumulation (7.67 g/ha) and produced growth parameters, yield attributes and yield (53.16 q/ha) at par with weed free treatment. In light of the results to maximise productivity, 18 cm row spacing may be practiced and tank mix application of pinoxaden (50 g/ha) + RM of carfentrazone and metsulfuron (25 g/ha) is recommended to reduce losses due to complex weed flora in wheat.
Article Details
Article Details
Keywords
Growth, Planting techniques, Weed control, Wheat, Yield
References
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Bhullar, M.S., Shergill, L.S., Kaur, R., Walia, U.S. and Kaur, T. (2012). Bioefficacy of herbicides in relation to sowing methods in wheat. Indian J. Weed Sci. 44: 214–217.
Chhokar, R. S., Sharma, R. K. and Sharma, I. (2012). Weed management strategies in wheat-A review. J. Wheat Res. 4: 1-21.
Chhokar, R.S. and Malik, R.K. (2002). Isoproturon-resistant littleseed canary grass (Phalaris minor) and its response to alternate herbicides. Weed Technol. 16: 116-123.
Chopra, N. K., Chopra, N. and Choudhary, D. (2015). Bioefficacy of sole and tank-mix of pinoxaden and clodinafop with carfentrazone and metsulfuron for control of complex weed flora in wheat (Triticum aestivum). Indian J. Agron. 60: 104-108.
Dey, D., Nath, D. and Jamatia, P. B. (2015). Effect of raised bed planting method of maize under sandy loam soil of west Tripura. Int. J. Appl. Res.1: 561-563.
Ghane, E., Mostafazadeh-Fard, B., Feizi, M. and Landi, E. (2011). Effect of water quality and different planting methods on wheat yield. Commun. Soil Sci.Plan. 42: 369–380
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Katara, P., Kumar, S. and Rana, S. S. (2015). Influence of pinoxaden in combination with other herbicides on nutrient deplation by weeds in wheat. Indian J. Weed Sci. 47: 371–375.
Kaur, G., Kler, D.S., Singh, S., Kaur, G. and Singh, S. (2001). Relationship of height, lodging score and silica content with grain yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under different planting techniques at higher nitrogen nutrition. Environ. Ecol. 19: 412-417.
Kumar, V., Kumar, P. and Singh, R. (2013). Growth and yield of rice-wheat cropping sequence in raised bed planting system. Indian J. Agric. Res. 47: 157-162.
Mahajan, G. and Brar, L.S. (2001). Integrated management of Phalaris minor in wheat. Indian J. Weed Sci. 33: 9-13.
Mali, H. and Choudhary, J. (2013). Performance of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties under different row spacing. J. Wheat Res. 4: 55-57.
Naresh, R. K., Tomar, S. S., Purushottam, Singh, S. P., Kumar, D., Pratap, B., Kumar, V. and Nanher, A. H. (2014). Testing and evaluation of planting methods on wheat grain yield and yield contributing parameters in irrigated agro-ecosystem of western Uttar Pradesh, India. African J. Agric. Res. 9: 176-182.
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Panse, V.G. and Sukhatme, R.V. (1985). Statistical methods for agricultural workers 4th Ed. ICAR, New Delhi.
Piper, C.S. (1966). Soil and plant analysis; Hans Publishers, Bombay.
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Shoeran, S., Punia, S.S., Yadav, A. and Singh, S. (2013). Bioefficacy of pinoxaden in combination with other herbicides against complex weed flora in wheat. Indian J. Weed Sci. 45: 90-92.
Singh, C. B., Hashim, M., Kumar, A., Rishi Raj and Pandey, U. C. (2016). Performance of improved wheat (Triticum aestivum) varieties under various planting techniques in north eastern plain zone of India. J. Community Mobilization Sustain. Dev. 11: 145-149.
Singh, S., Punia, S.S., Yadav, A. and Hooda, V.S. (2011). Evaluation of carfentrazone - ethyl + metsulfuron - methyl against broadleaf weeds of wheat. Indian J. Weed Sci. 43: 12-22.
Subbiah, B.V. and Asija, A.K. (1956). A rapid procedure for the estimation of available nitrogen in soil. Curr. Sci. 24: 259-260.
Swaminathan, M. S. and Bhavani, R. V. (2013). Food production & availability - Essential prerequisites for sustainable food security. Indian J. Med. Res. 138: 383-391.
Thorsted, M.D., Olesen, J.E. and Weiner, J. (2006). Width of clover strips and wheat rows influence grain yield in winter wheat/white clover intercropping. Field Crop Res. 95: 280-290.
Walia, U.S., Brar, L.S. and Jand, S. (2003). Integrated effect of planting methods and herbicides on Phalaris minor and wheat. Indian J. Weed Sci. 35: 169-172.
Walkley, A.J. and Black, C.A. (1934). Estimation of soil organic carbon by the chromic acid titration method. Soil Sci. 37: 29-38.
Yadav, D. B., Yadav, A., Punia, S. S. and Chauhan, B. S. (2016). Management of herbicide-resistant Phalaris minor in wheat by sequential or tank-mix applications of pre- and post-emergence herbicides in north-western Indo-Gangetic Plains. Crop Prot. 89: 239-247.
Bhujel, B., Moinuddin and Lepcha, S. (2015). Influence of weed management practices and irrigation schedules under different establishment methods on performance of field pea (Pisum sativum L. arvense). Int. J. Curr. Res. Aca. Rev. 3: 52-60.
Bhullar, M.S., Shergill, L.S., Kaur, R., Walia, U.S. and Kaur, T. (2012). Bioefficacy of herbicides in relation to sowing methods in wheat. Indian J. Weed Sci. 44: 214–217.
Chhokar, R. S., Sharma, R. K. and Sharma, I. (2012). Weed management strategies in wheat-A review. J. Wheat Res. 4: 1-21.
Chhokar, R.S. and Malik, R.K. (2002). Isoproturon-resistant littleseed canary grass (Phalaris minor) and its response to alternate herbicides. Weed Technol. 16: 116-123.
Chopra, N. K., Chopra, N. and Choudhary, D. (2015). Bioefficacy of sole and tank-mix of pinoxaden and clodinafop with carfentrazone and metsulfuron for control of complex weed flora in wheat (Triticum aestivum). Indian J. Agron. 60: 104-108.
Dey, D., Nath, D. and Jamatia, P. B. (2015). Effect of raised bed planting method of maize under sandy loam soil of west Tripura. Int. J. Appl. Res.1: 561-563.
Ghane, E., Mostafazadeh-Fard, B., Feizi, M. and Landi, E. (2011). Effect of water quality and different planting methods on wheat yield. Commun. Soil Sci.Plan. 42: 369–380
Gul, S., Khan, M. H., Khanday, B. A. and Nabi, S. (2015). Effect of Sowing Methods and NPK Levels on Growth and Yield of Rainfed Maize (Zea mays L.). Hindawi Publishing Corporation Scientifica (Website: http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/198575).
Hussain, M., Khan, M.B., Mehmood, Z., Zia, A.B., Jabran, K. and Farooq M. (2013). Optimizing row spacing in wheat cultivars differing in tillering and stature for higher productivity. Arch. Agron. Soil Sci. 59: 1457-1470.
Idnani, L.K. and Kumar, A. (2012). Relative efficiency of different irrigation schedules for conventional, ridge and raised bed seeding of wheat (Triticum aestivum). Indian J. Agron. 57: 148-151.
Jackson, M. L. (1973). Soil chemical analysis. Prentice Hall of India Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi. pp. 183-192.
Jackson, M.L. (1958). Soil chemical analysis. Prentice Hall of India Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi. pp. 187.
Katara, P., Kumar, S. and Rana, S. S. (2015). Influence of pinoxaden in combination with other herbicides on nutrient deplation by weeds in wheat. Indian J. Weed Sci. 47: 371–375.
Kaur, G., Kler, D.S., Singh, S., Kaur, G. and Singh, S. (2001). Relationship of height, lodging score and silica content with grain yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under different planting techniques at higher nitrogen nutrition. Environ. Ecol. 19: 412-417.
Kumar, V., Kumar, P. and Singh, R. (2013). Growth and yield of rice-wheat cropping sequence in raised bed planting system. Indian J. Agric. Res. 47: 157-162.
Mahajan, G. and Brar, L.S. (2001). Integrated management of Phalaris minor in wheat. Indian J. Weed Sci. 33: 9-13.
Mali, H. and Choudhary, J. (2013). Performance of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties under different row spacing. J. Wheat Res. 4: 55-57.
Naresh, R. K., Tomar, S. S., Purushottam, Singh, S. P., Kumar, D., Pratap, B., Kumar, V. and Nanher, A. H. (2014). Testing and evaluation of planting methods on wheat grain yield and yield contributing parameters in irrigated agro-ecosystem of western Uttar Pradesh, India. African J. Agric. Res. 9: 176-182.
Olsen, S.R., Cole, C.V., Watanabe, F.S. and Dean, L.A. (1954). Estimation of available phosphorus in soils by extraction with sodium bicarbonate. USDA Circulation, 939.
Pandey, B.P., Basnet, K.B., Bhatta, M.R., Sah, S.K., Thapa, R.B. and Kandel, T.P. (2013). Effect of row spacing and direction of sowing on yield and yield attributing characters of wheat cultivated in western Chitwan, Nepal. Agr. Sci. 4: 309-316.
Panse, V.G. and Sukhatme, R.V. (1985). Statistical methods for agricultural workers 4th Ed. ICAR, New Delhi.
Piper, C.S. (1966). Soil and plant analysis; Hans Publishers, Bombay.
Ray, D. K., Mueller, N. D., West, P. C. and Foley, J. A. (2013). Yield trends are insufficient to double global crop production by 2050, San Francisco (CA): Public Library of Science (PLOS), volume 8(6); |cited 2017, Feb 27|. Available from: http:/www.plosone.org/article/info%3Aoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0066428.
Shoeran, S., Punia, S.S., Yadav, A. and Singh, S. (2013). Bioefficacy of pinoxaden in combination with other herbicides against complex weed flora in wheat. Indian J. Weed Sci. 45: 90-92.
Singh, C. B., Hashim, M., Kumar, A., Rishi Raj and Pandey, U. C. (2016). Performance of improved wheat (Triticum aestivum) varieties under various planting techniques in north eastern plain zone of India. J. Community Mobilization Sustain. Dev. 11: 145-149.
Singh, S., Punia, S.S., Yadav, A. and Hooda, V.S. (2011). Evaluation of carfentrazone - ethyl + metsulfuron - methyl against broadleaf weeds of wheat. Indian J. Weed Sci. 43: 12-22.
Subbiah, B.V. and Asija, A.K. (1956). A rapid procedure for the estimation of available nitrogen in soil. Curr. Sci. 24: 259-260.
Swaminathan, M. S. and Bhavani, R. V. (2013). Food production & availability - Essential prerequisites for sustainable food security. Indian J. Med. Res. 138: 383-391.
Thorsted, M.D., Olesen, J.E. and Weiner, J. (2006). Width of clover strips and wheat rows influence grain yield in winter wheat/white clover intercropping. Field Crop Res. 95: 280-290.
Walia, U.S., Brar, L.S. and Jand, S. (2003). Integrated effect of planting methods and herbicides on Phalaris minor and wheat. Indian J. Weed Sci. 35: 169-172.
Walkley, A.J. and Black, C.A. (1934). Estimation of soil organic carbon by the chromic acid titration method. Soil Sci. 37: 29-38.
Yadav, D. B., Yadav, A., Punia, S. S. and Chauhan, B. S. (2016). Management of herbicide-resistant Phalaris minor in wheat by sequential or tank-mix applications of pre- and post-emergence herbicides in north-western Indo-Gangetic Plains. Crop Prot. 89: 239-247.
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Effect of planting techniques and weed control treatments on growth and yield of wheat. (2017). Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 9(3), 1534-1539. https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v9i3.1397
