Comparative evaluation of water budgeting parameters under different rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivation methods
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.main##
Abstract
Water budgeting studies under different rice cultivation methods provides an insight into the amount of water used by the plant and percolated below the root zone for judicious water management. To undertake this study, a field experiment was conducted to estimate different soil water balance parameters under three rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivation methods viz. Direct Seeded Rice (DSR), System of Rice Intensification (SRI) and Conventional Puddled Rice (CPR). The experiment was conducted during kharif 2013 and kharif 2014 season at research farm of Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India. In this study, the rainfall and irrigation depth, Crop Evapotranspiration (ETc), percolation beyond root zone of the crop and surface runoff during the crop growth period were accounted in water budgeting. It was observed that the percolation be-yond root zone of the crop was the highest under CPR method amounting 963 mm and 831 mm, which was about 55% and 58% of total water applied during 2013 and 2014, respectively. However, the percolation beyond root zone of the crop was the lowest under DSR method of rice cultivation amounting 367 mm and 332 mm which was 43% and 39% of total water applied during 2013 and 2014, respectively. Water loss through Etc was around 30% of total water applied in all three cultivation methods for year 2013. However, it was 59%, 46% and 43% of total water ap-plied for DSR, SRI and CPR, respectively in the year 2014.This indicates more effective utilization of total applied water in the year 2014.The study highlighted that water loss through deep percolation beyond root zone is the major factor contributing to the high water requirement in CPR and SRI methods compare to DSR method. Moreover, different soil water balance components computed in this study will be helpful for estimation of irrigation water requirement in the rice growing areas of the agro-climatic region VI (Trans-gangetic Plains) of India.
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.details##
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.details##
Direct seeded rice, Conventional puddled rice, System of rice intensification, Water budgeting
Ali, M. H. and Talukder, M.S.U. (2008). Increasing water productivity in crop production – A synthesis.Agril. Water mgmt., 95:1201-1213
Anonymous. 2016. First Advance Estimates of Production of Foodgrains for 2016-17.Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare, Government of India.
Angus, J.F. (1991). The evolution of methods for quantifying risk in water limited environments. In Muchow RC, Bellamy JA (eds) Climate risk in crop production: models and management for the semiarid tropics and subtropics. CAB international, Wallingford, Pp. 39-53
Bouman, B. A. M., Peng, S., Castaneda, A. R. and Visperas, R. M. (2005). Yield and water use of irrigated tropical aerobic rice systems. Agril. Water Mgmt., 74: 87–105
Bouman, B.A.M. (2007). A conceptual framework for the improvement of crop water productivity at different spatial scales. Agril. Systems, 93:43-60
Bouyoucos, G.J. (1927). The hydrometer as a new method for mechanical analysis of soil. Soil Sci., 23:343-353
Choudhury,B.U., Singh, A. K. and Pradhan S. (2013). Estimation of crop coefficients of dry-seeded irrigated rice–wheat rotation on raised beds by field water balance method in the Indo-Gangetic plains, India. Agril. Water mgmt., 123:20-31
Chowdary, V. M., Rao, N. H. and Sharma, P. B. S. (2004). A coupled soil water and nitrogen balance model for flooded rice fields in India. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environ., 103:425–441
Chusnul, A. (2010). Optimizing Water Management in System of Rice Intensification Paddy fields by monitoring
technology, Ph.D. thesis, The University of Tokyo.
Dash, J., Sarangi, A., Singh, D. K., Singh, A. K. and Adhikary, P. P. (2014). Prediction of root zone water and nitrogen balance in an irrigated rice field using a simulation model. Paddy Water Environ., 13(3):281–290
Fagaria, N.K. 2007. Yield physiology of rice. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 30: 843-879
FAO. 2006. CROPWAT, a computer program for irrigation planning and management by M. Smith. FAO Irrigation and Drainage Paper No. 26. Rome.
Jung, J., Yoon, K., Joe, D. and Lim, B. (2012). Water management practices and SCS curve numbers of paddy fields equipped with surface drainage pipes. Agril. Water mgmt., 110: 78 -83
Li, Y. and Barker, R. (2004). Increasing water productivity for paddy irrigation in China. Paddy Water Environ.,2: 187–193
Linquist, B., Snyder, R., Anderson, F., Espino, L., Inglese, G., Marras, S., Moratiel, R., Mutters, R., Nicolosi, P., Rejmanek, H., Russo, A., Shapland, T., Song, Z., Swelam, A., Tindula, G. and Hill, J. 2015. Water balances and evapotranspiration in water and dry seeded rice systems. Irrig. Sci., 33:375–385
Murty, V. V. N. and Jha, M.K. (2013). Land and Water Management Engineering. Kalyani Publishers. Delhi.
Odhiambo, L.O. and Murty, V.V.N. (1996). Modeling water balance components in relation to field layout inlowland paddy fields. II: Model application. Agril. Water Mgmt., 30: 201-216
Sandhu, S.S., Mahal, S.S., Vashist, K.K., Buttarb, G.S., Brar, A.S. and Singh, M. (2012). Crop and water productivity of bed transplanted rice as influenced by various levels of nitrogen and irrigation in northwest India. Agril. Water mgmt., 104: 32 – 39
Singh, K.B., Gajri, P.R., Arora, V.K. (2001). Modelling the effects of soil and water management practices on the water balance and performance of rice. Agril. Water Mgmt., 49: 77–95
Singh, K. B. (2011). Dynamics of Hydraulic Properties of Puddled Soils, Hydraulic Conductivity - Issues, Determination and Applications, Prof.LakshmananElango (Ed.), Pp. 29 – 49.Retrieved August, 28 2016 http://www.intechopen.com/books/hydraulic-conductivity-issues-determination-andapplications/dynamics-of-hydraulic-properties-of-puddled-soils
Wickham, T. H. and Singh, V.P. (1978). Water movement through wet soils. In: Soils and Rice. International Rice Research Institute, Los Banos, Philippines, Pp. 337–357
Yadav, S., Gill,G., Kukal, S. S., Humphreys, E., Rangarajan, R. and Walia, U. S. (2010). Water balance in dry seeded and puddled transplanted rice in Punjab, India. 19th World Congress of Soil Science, Soil Solutions for a Changing World, Pp. 43-46.
This work is licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0) © Author (s)
