Linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) genetic resources for climate change intervention and its future breeding
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Abstract
Linseed or flax (Linum usitatissimum L.), a multiple purpose crop valued for its seed oil, fibre, probiotic and nutraceutical properties, is adapted to different environments and agro-ecologies. Modern breeding techniques using only limited number of selected varieties have resulted in a loss of specific alleles and thus, reduction in total genetic diversity relevant to climate-smart agriculture. However, well-curated collections of landraces, wild linseed accessions and other Linum species exist in the gene banks and are important sources of new alleles. This review is primarily focused on the studies of genetic diversity of linseed species and evaluation related to tolerance to abiotic and biotic stress factors that could be useful for improving linseed through future promising breeding programs in addition to briefly discussing different morphotypes and nutraceutical importance. Wide diversity in linseed germplasm indicates a considerable potential for improving this crop for both agronomic and quality traits required for developing climate-resilience tailored to specific environments. Recent release of the flax genome sequence coupled with wide range of genomic and analytical tools in public domain has furthered understanding of molecular mechanisms for detailed study of the genes underlying flax adaptation to stress and diversity in commercially important accessions. Important climate related traits and their constituent genes are presented and key developments for the future highlighted emphasizing the urgent need to increase the use of genetically diverse germplasm to meet the emerging challenges in agricultural production and to conserve valuable genetic resources for the future.
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Keywords
Climate change, Genebank, Genetic resources, Germplasm characterization, Linseed
References
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Diederichsen, A., Kusters, P. M., Kessler, D., Bainas, Z. and Gugel, R. K. (2013). Assembling a core collection from the flax world collection maintained by Plant Gene Resources of Canada. Genet. Resour. Crop Evol., 60: 1479–1485
Diederichsen, A., Raney, J. P. and Duguid, S. D. (2006). Variation of mucilage in flax seed and its relationship with other seed characters. Crop Sci., 46: 365–371
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Dikshit, N. and Sivaraj, N. (2015). Analysis of agro-morphological diversity and oil content in Indian linseed germplasm. Grasas Aceites, 66(1): e060. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/gya.0689141
Dillman, A.C. (1953). Classification of flax varieties, 1946. USDA Technical Bulletin No. 1054. United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, DC, Pp 56.
DIVSEEK. (2016). DivSeek: harnessing crop diversity to feed the future. Retrieved August, 2016 from www.divseek.org/.
Dwivedi, C., Natarajan, K. and Matthees, D. P. (2005). Chemopreventive effects of dietary flaxseed oil on colon tumor development. Nutr. Cancer, 51(1): 52–58
El-Beltagi, H. S. (2008). Some biochemical markers for evaluation of flax cultivars under salt stress conditions. Nat. Fibers., 5(4): 316–30.
FAOSTAT. (2016) Production of Crops: Linseed: Area Harvested and Production (tonnes). Retrieved July, 2016 from http://faostat3.fao.org/ home/index.html
Fenart, S., Ndong, Y. A., Duarte, J., Rivière, N., Wilmer, J., van Wuytswinkel, O., Lucau, A., Cariou, E., Neutelings, G., Gutierrez, L., Chabbert, B., Guillot, X., Tavernier, R., Hawkins, S., and Thomasset, B. (2010). Development and validation of a flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) gene expression oligo microarray. BMC Genomics, 11: 592
Fowler, C. (2004). Accessing genetic resources: international law establishes multilateral system. Genet. Resour. Crop Evol., 51(6): 609–620
Fu, Y. B. (2005). Geographic patterns of RAPD variation in cultivated flax. Crop Sci., 45(3): 1084–1091
Fu, Y. B. (2011). Genetic evidence for early flax domestication with capsular dehiscence. Genet. Resour. Crop Evol., 58: 1119–1128
Gitay, H., Suarez, A. and Watson, R. T. (2002). Climate change and biodiversity: IPCC Technical Paper V. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Geneva. pp 77
Gorshkova, T., Gurjanov, O., Mikshina, P., Ibragimova, N., Mokshina, N., Salnikov, V., Ageeva, M., Amenitskii, S., Chernova, T. and Chemikosova, S. (2010). Specific type of secondary cell wall formed by plant fibers. Russian J. Plant Physiol., 57(3): 328–341
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Gupta, U. S. (2007). Physiology of stressed crops. Georgia, USA, Science Publishers.
Heslop-Harrison, J. S. and Schwarzacher, T. (2012). Genetics and genomics of crop domestication. In: Altman, A. and Hasegawa, P. M. (eds.) Plant biotechnology and agriculture: Prospects for the 21st century. Elsevier Academic, USA, Pp. 3–18
Hosseinian, F. S., Rowland, G. G., Bhirud, P. R., Dych, J. H. and Tyler, R. T. (2004). Chemical composition and physicochemical and hydrogenation characteristics of high-palmitic acid solin (low linolenic acid flaxseed) oil. Journal of the American Oil Chemists’ Society, 81: 185–188
Huang, S. and Ziboh, A. (2001). Gamma-linolenic acid: Recent advances in biotechnology and clinical applications. Champaign, IL, AOCS Press.
Keijzer, P. and Metz, P. L. (1992). Breeding of flax for fibre production in western Europe. In: Sharma H.S., van Sumere, C.F. (eds.) The biology and processing of flax. M. Publications, Belfast, Pp. 33–66
Kurt, O. and Bozkurt, D. (2006). Effect of temperature and photoperiod on seedling emergence of flax (Linum usitatissimum L.). Journal of Agronomy, 5: 541–545
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Linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) genetic resources for climate change intervention and its future breeding. (2017). Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 9(2), 1112-1118. https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v9i2.1331
