Potential of Inula racemosa root extract and its fractions to suppress root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita
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Abstract
Nematicidal potential of chloroform root extract of Inula racemosa and its fractions was investigated on egg hatching and mortality of root knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita. Egg masses and second stage juveniles (J2) of M. incognita were exposed to different concentrations (0.1-8.0 mg ml-1) of I. racemosa root extract and its fractions. Observations on egg hatch were recorded on 1st, 3rd, 5th, 7th and 9th day and those of mortality studies were recorded on 2nd, 4th, 6th, 8th and 10th day, respectively. Significant mortality as well as egg hatch inhibition was observed for all the tested components at 5 %. The root extract was found to be most effective in controlling egg hatching as complete inhibition was observed at 8.0 mg ml-1 concentration on 1stday of treatment and nonpolar fraction was most effective in causing mortality of J2 of M. incognita as 100 % inhibition was observed at 6.0 and 8.0 mg ml-1 concentration on 2nd day of treatment. Maximum inhibition of egg hatching was observed for root extract at 8.0 mg ml-1 concentration and 100 % mortality was observed for root extract as well as nonpolar fraction at the same concentration. The nonpolar fraction was most effective in causing mortality as maximum mortality was observed at 6.0 and 8.0 mg ml-1 concentration throughout the exposure time. Polar fraction was least effective among all the components both in egg hatch inhibition and J2 mortality of M. incognita. Both the activities showed concentrations as well as time dependence. Results show different role of tested components on egg hatching and mortality of root knot nematode. The root extract of I. racemosa and its fractions showed a potential to develop new nematicide.
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Keywords
Asteraceae, Egg hatching, Juvenile, Root knot nematode, Soxhlet extraction
References
Adegbite, A. A. (2011). Effects of some indigenous plant extracts as inhibitors of egg hatch in root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita race 2). Am. J. Exp. Agric., 1(3): 96-100
Adegbite, A. A. (2003). Comparative effects of carbofuran and water extract of Chromolaena odorata on growth, yield and food components of root-knot nematode-infested soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill). Ph.D. Dissertation. University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
Bahl, B. S. and Bahl, A. (1992). A text book of organic chemistry. 13th ed. S chand and Company Ltd: New Delhi.
Barrero, A. F. U., Oltraa, J. E., Alvarez, M., Raslan, D. S., Saude, D. A. and Akssirad, M. (2000). New sources and antifungal activity of sesquiterpene lactones. Fitoterapia, 71: 60-64
Bharadwaj, A. and Sharma, S. (2007). Effect of some plant extracts on the hatch of Meloidogyne incognita eggs. Int. J. Bot., 3: 312-316
Bokadia, M. M., Macleod, A. J., Mehta S. C., Mehta B. K. and Patel, H. (1986). The essential oil of Inula racemosa. Phytochemistry,. 25(12): 2887-2888
Bourrel, C., Vilarem, G. and Perineau, F. (1993). Chemical analysis, bacteriostatic and fungistatic properties of the essential oil of elecampane (Inula helenium L.). J. Essent. Oil Res., 5:411–417
Chahal, K. K., Singh, B., Kataria, D. and Dhillon, N. K. (2016). Nematotoxicity of lemongrass oil, citral and its derivatives against Meloidogyne incognita. Allelopathy J., 39(2): 219-232
Chitwood, D. J. (2002). Phytochemical based strategies for nematode control. Annu. Rev.Phytopathol., 40: 221-249
Datta, S. and Saxena, D. B. (2001). Pesticidal properties of parthenin (from Parthenium hysterophorus) and related compounds. Pest Manag.Sci., 57(1): 95-101
Gommers, F. J. (1981). Biochemical interactions between nematodes and plants and the irrelevance to control:A review. Helminthological Abstracts (B), 50: 9-24
Goswami, B. K. and Vijayalakshmi, V. (1986). Nematicidal properties of some indigenous plant materials against rootknot nematode Meloidogyne incognita on tomato. Indian J. Nematol., 16: 65-68
Goyal, R., Chhabra, B. R. and Kalsi, P. S. (1990). Three oxygenated alantolides from Inula racemosa. Phytochemistry, 29(7): 2341-2343
Hong, L., Guohong L., Zhou, W., Wang, X. and Zhang, K. (2007). Screening and isolation of a nematicidal sesquiterpenes from Magnolia grandiflora L. Pest Manag. Sci., 63: 301-305
Iruthaya, K. and Devraj, A. (2011). Effect of root exudates of Tagetes sp. on egg hatching behavior of Meloidogyne incognita. IRJP, 2(10): 93-96
Kalsi, S., Goyal, R., Talwar, K. K. and Chhabra, B. R. (1989). Stereostructures of two biologically active sesquiterpene lactones from Inula racemosa. Phytochemistry, 28: 2093-2096
Kataria, D. and Chahal, K. K. (2013).Chemistry and antifungal potential of alantolides from Inula racemosa H. J. Chem. Sci., 125(1): 187–191
Khare, C. P. (2007). Indian Medicinal Plants: An Illustrated Dictionary. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg.
Lauro, L. and Rolih, C. (1990). Observations and research on an extract of Inula viscosa. Bollettinodella Societa Italiana di Biologia Sperimentale, 66: 829-834
Liu, C. H., Mishra, A. K. and Tan, R. X. (2006). Repellent, insecticidal and phytotoxic activities of isoalantolactone from Inula racemosa. Crop Prot., 25: 508–511
Ma, Y. Y., Zhao, D. G. and Gao, K. (2013). Structural investigation and biological activity of Sesquiterpene lactones from the traditional Chinese herb Inula racemosa. J. Nat. Prod., 76(4): 564-570
Mahajan, R., Singh, P., Bajaj, K. L. and Kalsi, P. S. (1986). Nematicidal activity of some sesquiterpenoids against root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita). Nematologica, 32: 119–123
Marongiu, B., Piras, A., Pani, F., Porcedda, S. and Ballero, M. (2003). Extraction, separation and isolation of essential oils from natural matrices by supercritical CO2. Flavour Frag. J.,18: 505–509
Moerman, D. E. (1986). Medicinal plants of native America. University of Michigan AnnArbor., Museum of Anthroplogy. Technical report 19: II.
Moosavi, M. R. (2012). Nematicidal effect of some herbal powders and their aqueous extracts against Meloidogyne javanica. Nematropica, 42: 48-56
Nimbalkar, R. S. K. and Rajurkar, S. K. (2009). Effect of plant root extracts to control root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne spp.) of soybean (Glycine max). BFAIJ1, (1): 65-68
Noling, J. W. and Becker, J. O. (1994). The challenge of research and extension to define and implement alternatives to methyl bromide. J. Nematol., 26: 573–586
Oka, Y., Ben-Daniel, B. H. and Cohen, Y. (2006). Control of Meloidogyne javanica by formulations of Inula viscosa leaf extracts. J. Nematol., 38(1): 46-51
Oka, Y., Ben-Daniel, B. H. and Cohen, Y. (2001). Nematicidal activity of powder and extracts of Inula viscosa. Nematology, 3: 735–742
Oka, Y., Nacar, S., Putievsky, E., Ravid, U., Yaniv, Z., and Spiegel, Y. (2000). Nematicidal activity of essential oils and their components against the root-knot nematode. Phytopathology, 90: 710–715
Onifade, A. K. and Egunjobi, O. A. (1994). Suppression of Meloidogyne incognitapopulations with water hyacinth and water lettuce in Nigeria. Afro-Asian Journal of Nematology, 4: 96-100
Perez, M. P., Navas-Cortes, J. A., Pascual-Villalobos, M. J. and Castillo, P. (2003). Nematicidal activity of essential oils and organic amendments form Asteraceae against root-knot nematodes. Plant Pathol., 52: 395-401
Renco, M., Sasanelli, N. and Maistrello, L. (2014). Plants as natural sources of nematicides. In: Nematodes.Nova Science Publishers, Inc. Pp. 115-142
Sarin, Y. K. (1996) Illustrated Manual of Herbal Drugs used in Ayurveda. National Institute of Science Communication (CSIR), Dr. K. S. Krishnan Marg. New Dehli,
India.
Seca, A. M. L., Grigore, A., Pinto, D. C. G. A. and Silva, A. M. S. (2014). The genus Inula and their metabolites from ethnopharmacological to medicinal uses. J. Ethnopharmacol, 154(2): 286-310
Serfoji, P., Rajeshkumar, S. and Selvaraj, T. (2010). Management of root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita on tomato cv Pusa Ruby by using vermicompost, AM fungus, Glomus aggregatum and mycorrhiza helper bacterium, Bacillus coagulans. IJAT, 6(1): 37-45
Shabir, P. A., Nawchoo, I. A. and Wani, A. A. (2010). Development of vegetative and sexual multiplication protocol for commercialization of Inula racemosa Hook. f.-a critically endangered medicinal plant of N. W. Himalaya. Nat. Sci., 8: 246-252
Singh, S., Singh, B. and Singh, A. P. (2015). Nematodes: A threat to sustainability of agriculture. Procedia Environ. Sci., 29:215-216
Trudgill, D. L. and Block, V. C. (2001). Apomistic, polyphagus root-knot nematode. Ann. Rev. Phytopathol., 39: 53-77
Ulubelen, A., Öksüz, S. and Gören, N. (1987). Sesquiterpene acids from Inula viscosa. Phytochemistry, 26: 1223–1224
Wang, K., Liu, H., Zhao, Y., Chen, X., Hu, Z., Song, Y. and Ma, X. (2000). Separation and determination of alantolactone and isoalantolactone in traditional Chinese herbs by capillary electrophoresis. Talanta, 52:1001-1005
Wollenweber, E., Mayer, K. and Roitman, J. N. (1991). Exudate flavonoids of Inula viscosa. Phytochemistry, 30: 2445–2446
Wu, H., Wu, H., Wang, W., Liu, T., Qi, M., Feng, J., Li, X. and Liu, Y. (2016). Insecticidal activity of sesquiterpene lactones and monoterpenoid from the fruits of Carpesium abrotanoides. Ind. Crops Prod., 92:77-83
Adegbite, A. A. (2003). Comparative effects of carbofuran and water extract of Chromolaena odorata on growth, yield and food components of root-knot nematode-infested soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill). Ph.D. Dissertation. University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
Bahl, B. S. and Bahl, A. (1992). A text book of organic chemistry. 13th ed. S chand and Company Ltd: New Delhi.
Barrero, A. F. U., Oltraa, J. E., Alvarez, M., Raslan, D. S., Saude, D. A. and Akssirad, M. (2000). New sources and antifungal activity of sesquiterpene lactones. Fitoterapia, 71: 60-64
Bharadwaj, A. and Sharma, S. (2007). Effect of some plant extracts on the hatch of Meloidogyne incognita eggs. Int. J. Bot., 3: 312-316
Bokadia, M. M., Macleod, A. J., Mehta S. C., Mehta B. K. and Patel, H. (1986). The essential oil of Inula racemosa. Phytochemistry,. 25(12): 2887-2888
Bourrel, C., Vilarem, G. and Perineau, F. (1993). Chemical analysis, bacteriostatic and fungistatic properties of the essential oil of elecampane (Inula helenium L.). J. Essent. Oil Res., 5:411–417
Chahal, K. K., Singh, B., Kataria, D. and Dhillon, N. K. (2016). Nematotoxicity of lemongrass oil, citral and its derivatives against Meloidogyne incognita. Allelopathy J., 39(2): 219-232
Chitwood, D. J. (2002). Phytochemical based strategies for nematode control. Annu. Rev.Phytopathol., 40: 221-249
Datta, S. and Saxena, D. B. (2001). Pesticidal properties of parthenin (from Parthenium hysterophorus) and related compounds. Pest Manag.Sci., 57(1): 95-101
Gommers, F. J. (1981). Biochemical interactions between nematodes and plants and the irrelevance to control:A review. Helminthological Abstracts (B), 50: 9-24
Goswami, B. K. and Vijayalakshmi, V. (1986). Nematicidal properties of some indigenous plant materials against rootknot nematode Meloidogyne incognita on tomato. Indian J. Nematol., 16: 65-68
Goyal, R., Chhabra, B. R. and Kalsi, P. S. (1990). Three oxygenated alantolides from Inula racemosa. Phytochemistry, 29(7): 2341-2343
Hong, L., Guohong L., Zhou, W., Wang, X. and Zhang, K. (2007). Screening and isolation of a nematicidal sesquiterpenes from Magnolia grandiflora L. Pest Manag. Sci., 63: 301-305
Iruthaya, K. and Devraj, A. (2011). Effect of root exudates of Tagetes sp. on egg hatching behavior of Meloidogyne incognita. IRJP, 2(10): 93-96
Kalsi, S., Goyal, R., Talwar, K. K. and Chhabra, B. R. (1989). Stereostructures of two biologically active sesquiterpene lactones from Inula racemosa. Phytochemistry, 28: 2093-2096
Kataria, D. and Chahal, K. K. (2013).Chemistry and antifungal potential of alantolides from Inula racemosa H. J. Chem. Sci., 125(1): 187–191
Khare, C. P. (2007). Indian Medicinal Plants: An Illustrated Dictionary. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg.
Lauro, L. and Rolih, C. (1990). Observations and research on an extract of Inula viscosa. Bollettinodella Societa Italiana di Biologia Sperimentale, 66: 829-834
Liu, C. H., Mishra, A. K. and Tan, R. X. (2006). Repellent, insecticidal and phytotoxic activities of isoalantolactone from Inula racemosa. Crop Prot., 25: 508–511
Ma, Y. Y., Zhao, D. G. and Gao, K. (2013). Structural investigation and biological activity of Sesquiterpene lactones from the traditional Chinese herb Inula racemosa. J. Nat. Prod., 76(4): 564-570
Mahajan, R., Singh, P., Bajaj, K. L. and Kalsi, P. S. (1986). Nematicidal activity of some sesquiterpenoids against root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita). Nematologica, 32: 119–123
Marongiu, B., Piras, A., Pani, F., Porcedda, S. and Ballero, M. (2003). Extraction, separation and isolation of essential oils from natural matrices by supercritical CO2. Flavour Frag. J.,18: 505–509
Moerman, D. E. (1986). Medicinal plants of native America. University of Michigan AnnArbor., Museum of Anthroplogy. Technical report 19: II.
Moosavi, M. R. (2012). Nematicidal effect of some herbal powders and their aqueous extracts against Meloidogyne javanica. Nematropica, 42: 48-56
Nimbalkar, R. S. K. and Rajurkar, S. K. (2009). Effect of plant root extracts to control root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne spp.) of soybean (Glycine max). BFAIJ1, (1): 65-68
Noling, J. W. and Becker, J. O. (1994). The challenge of research and extension to define and implement alternatives to methyl bromide. J. Nematol., 26: 573–586
Oka, Y., Ben-Daniel, B. H. and Cohen, Y. (2006). Control of Meloidogyne javanica by formulations of Inula viscosa leaf extracts. J. Nematol., 38(1): 46-51
Oka, Y., Ben-Daniel, B. H. and Cohen, Y. (2001). Nematicidal activity of powder and extracts of Inula viscosa. Nematology, 3: 735–742
Oka, Y., Nacar, S., Putievsky, E., Ravid, U., Yaniv, Z., and Spiegel, Y. (2000). Nematicidal activity of essential oils and their components against the root-knot nematode. Phytopathology, 90: 710–715
Onifade, A. K. and Egunjobi, O. A. (1994). Suppression of Meloidogyne incognitapopulations with water hyacinth and water lettuce in Nigeria. Afro-Asian Journal of Nematology, 4: 96-100
Perez, M. P., Navas-Cortes, J. A., Pascual-Villalobos, M. J. and Castillo, P. (2003). Nematicidal activity of essential oils and organic amendments form Asteraceae against root-knot nematodes. Plant Pathol., 52: 395-401
Renco, M., Sasanelli, N. and Maistrello, L. (2014). Plants as natural sources of nematicides. In: Nematodes.Nova Science Publishers, Inc. Pp. 115-142
Sarin, Y. K. (1996) Illustrated Manual of Herbal Drugs used in Ayurveda. National Institute of Science Communication (CSIR), Dr. K. S. Krishnan Marg. New Dehli,
India.
Seca, A. M. L., Grigore, A., Pinto, D. C. G. A. and Silva, A. M. S. (2014). The genus Inula and their metabolites from ethnopharmacological to medicinal uses. J. Ethnopharmacol, 154(2): 286-310
Serfoji, P., Rajeshkumar, S. and Selvaraj, T. (2010). Management of root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita on tomato cv Pusa Ruby by using vermicompost, AM fungus, Glomus aggregatum and mycorrhiza helper bacterium, Bacillus coagulans. IJAT, 6(1): 37-45
Shabir, P. A., Nawchoo, I. A. and Wani, A. A. (2010). Development of vegetative and sexual multiplication protocol for commercialization of Inula racemosa Hook. f.-a critically endangered medicinal plant of N. W. Himalaya. Nat. Sci., 8: 246-252
Singh, S., Singh, B. and Singh, A. P. (2015). Nematodes: A threat to sustainability of agriculture. Procedia Environ. Sci., 29:215-216
Trudgill, D. L. and Block, V. C. (2001). Apomistic, polyphagus root-knot nematode. Ann. Rev. Phytopathol., 39: 53-77
Ulubelen, A., Öksüz, S. and Gören, N. (1987). Sesquiterpene acids from Inula viscosa. Phytochemistry, 26: 1223–1224
Wang, K., Liu, H., Zhao, Y., Chen, X., Hu, Z., Song, Y. and Ma, X. (2000). Separation and determination of alantolactone and isoalantolactone in traditional Chinese herbs by capillary electrophoresis. Talanta, 52:1001-1005
Wollenweber, E., Mayer, K. and Roitman, J. N. (1991). Exudate flavonoids of Inula viscosa. Phytochemistry, 30: 2445–2446
Wu, H., Wu, H., Wang, W., Liu, T., Qi, M., Feng, J., Li, X. and Liu, Y. (2016). Insecticidal activity of sesquiterpene lactones and monoterpenoid from the fruits of Carpesium abrotanoides. Ind. Crops Prod., 92:77-83
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Potential of Inula racemosa root extract and its fractions to suppress root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita. (2017). Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 9(2), 1090-1096. https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v9i2.1327
