Population characteristics of Phthiraptera occurring on Red Whiskered Bulbul (Pycnonotus jocosus)
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Abstract
Two phthirapteran species, Menacanthus eurysternus (Amblycera) and Brueelia sp. (Ischnocera) were recovered from 100 Red Whiskered Bulbuls (Pycnonotus jocosus) during March to December 2006. The occurrence of both the phthirapteran species on the aforesaid host are new host records. The prevalence, intensity of infestation, range of infestation, variance to mean ratio, sex ratio, adult nymph ratio, index of discrepancy (D) and exponent of negative binomial (k) were computed. The frequency distribution pattern of M. eurysternus conforms to negative binomial model. The frequency distribution pattern of Brueelia sp. was skewed but not described by the negative binomial.
Article Details
Article Details
Keywords
Phthiraptera, Lice, Prevalence, Ischnocera, Amblycera, Mallophaga
References
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Chandra, S., Agarwal, G. P., Singh, S. P. N. and Saxena, A. K. (1990). Seasonal changes in a population of Menacanthus eurysternus (Mallophaga: Amblycera) on the common Myna, Acridotheres tristis. Int. J. Parasitol., 20: 1063-1065.
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Crofton, H.D. (1971). A quantitative approach to parasitism. Parasitology, 62: 179-193.
Gupta, N., Kumar, S. and Saxena, A. K. (2007). Prevalence and population structure of lice (Phthiraptera) on the Indian Red Avadavat. Zool. Sci., 24: 381-383.
Khan, V., Kumar, S., Gupta, N., Ahmad, A. and Saxena, A. K. (2008). Prevalence of phthirapteran ectoparasites on selected poultry in the district, Rampur (U.P.). Indian Vet. J., 85: 447-448.
Khan V., Kumar, S. Gupta, N., Ahmad, A. and Saxena, A. K. (2009). Prevalence of lice in pigeons. Indian Vet. J., 86: 531-532.
Kumar Sandeep, Nidhi Gupta and Saxena, A. K. (2004). Population composition of selected poultry lice (Phthiraptera). Res. Rev. Parasitol., 64: 49 - 54.
Lakshminaryana, K.V. (1979). A synoptic list of Mallophaga. Rec. Zool. Surv. India, 75: 39-201.
Marshall, A. G. (1981). The ecology of ectoparasitic insects. Academic Press, London.
Price, M.A. and Graham, O.H. (1997). Chewing and Sucking lice as parasites of mammals and birds. USDA Agr. Res. Serv. Tech. Bull. No. 1-1849: 1-1257.
Price, R.D., Hellenthal, R.A., Palma, R.L., Johnson, K.P. and Clayton, D.H. (2003). The chewing lice: World checklist and biological overview. Illinois Natural History Survey special Publication, 1- 501.
Rajput, S., Joshi, V. D., Gupta, N., Khan, V. and Saxena, A. K. (2009). Population dynamics of Phthiraptera on Indian Bank Myna, Acridotheres ginginianus. Entomon, 34 (2): 99- 102.
Rekasi, J., Rozsa, L. and Kiss, B. J. (1997). Patterns in the distribution of avian lice (Phthiraptera : Amblycera, Ischnocera). J. Avian Biol., 28: 150-156.
Rozsa, L., Rekasi, J. and Reiczigel, J. (1996). Relationship of host coloniality to the population ecology of avian lice (Insecta: Phthiraptera). J. Anim. Ecol., 65: 242-258.
Rozsa, L., Reiczigel, J. and Majoros, G. (2000). Quantifying parasites in sample of hosts. J. Parasitol., 86: 228- 232.
Saxena, A. K., Kumar, A., Surman and Singh, S. K. (1995). Prevalence of Menopon gallinae Linne. (Phthiraptera : Amblycera) on poultry birds of Garhwal. J. Parasitic Dis., 19 (1): 69-72.
Saxena, A. K., Surman, Singh,S. K., Kumar, A. and Trivedi, M. C. (1997). Population composition of poultry shaft louse, Menopon gallinae (Insecta, Phthiraptera, Amblycera, Menoponidae). Rudolst. Nat. Sch., 7: 49-51.
Saxena, A. K., Kumar, S., Gupta, N. and Singh, S.K. (2004). Prevalence of phthirapteran ectoparasitic insects on domestic hens of Rampur. J. Parasitic Dis., 28(1): 57-60.
Saxena A. K., S. Kumar, N. Gupta, J. D. Mitra, S. A. Ali and R. Srivastava (2007). Distribution pattern of phthirapterans infesting certain common Indian birds. J. Parasitol., 93/4: 957-958.
Singh, S. K., Surman, A. Kumar and A. K. Saxena (1998). Population composition of four phthirapteran ectoparasites infesting blue rock pigeon Columba livia. J. Parasitic Dis., 22(2): 144-147.
Singh, S. K., Surman, A. K. Saxena and J. D. Mitra (2000a). Seasonal variation in the population of poultry shaft louse, Menopon gallinae (Phthiraptera : Amblycera). Ind. J. Env. Ecoplan., 3(3): 615-618.
Singh, S. K., A. Kumar, Surman, Smita Badola and A. K. Saxena (2000b). Seasonal variation in population of one amblyceran and one ischncoeran pigeon lice (Phthiraptera, Insecta). J. Parassitol. Appl. An. Biol., 9(2): 89-96.
Singh, S. K., Surman, Saxena, A. K., Maurya, N. and Suresh Chandra (2009). Prevalence of Eomenacanthus stramineus (Insecta, Phthiraptera, Amblycera, Memoponidae) on poultry birds (Gallus gallus F. Domesticus) of Jaunpur. J. App. Nat. Sci., 1(2): 235-240.
Trivedi, M. C. and Saxena, A. K. (1991). Population dynamics of chicken body louse, Menacanthus stramineus (Phthiraptera : Amblycera). J. Zool Res., 4 (1&2):37-42.
Trivedi, M. C., A. K. Saxena and B. S. Rawat (1992). Incidence of Mallophaga on poultry in Dehradun (India). Angew. Parasitol., 33: 69-78.
Chandra, S., Agarwal, G. P., Singh, S. P. N. and Saxena, A. K. (1990). Seasonal changes in a population of Menacanthus eurysternus (Mallophaga: Amblycera) on the common Myna, Acridotheres tristis. Int. J. Parasitol., 20: 1063-1065.
Clayton, D.H. and Drown D.M. (2001). Critical evaluation of five methods for quantifying chewing lice (Insecta: Phthiraptera). J. Parasitol., 87: 1291-1300.
Crofton, H.D. (1971). A quantitative approach to parasitism. Parasitology, 62: 179-193.
Gupta, N., Kumar, S. and Saxena, A. K. (2007). Prevalence and population structure of lice (Phthiraptera) on the Indian Red Avadavat. Zool. Sci., 24: 381-383.
Khan, V., Kumar, S., Gupta, N., Ahmad, A. and Saxena, A. K. (2008). Prevalence of phthirapteran ectoparasites on selected poultry in the district, Rampur (U.P.). Indian Vet. J., 85: 447-448.
Khan V., Kumar, S. Gupta, N., Ahmad, A. and Saxena, A. K. (2009). Prevalence of lice in pigeons. Indian Vet. J., 86: 531-532.
Kumar Sandeep, Nidhi Gupta and Saxena, A. K. (2004). Population composition of selected poultry lice (Phthiraptera). Res. Rev. Parasitol., 64: 49 - 54.
Lakshminaryana, K.V. (1979). A synoptic list of Mallophaga. Rec. Zool. Surv. India, 75: 39-201.
Marshall, A. G. (1981). The ecology of ectoparasitic insects. Academic Press, London.
Price, M.A. and Graham, O.H. (1997). Chewing and Sucking lice as parasites of mammals and birds. USDA Agr. Res. Serv. Tech. Bull. No. 1-1849: 1-1257.
Price, R.D., Hellenthal, R.A., Palma, R.L., Johnson, K.P. and Clayton, D.H. (2003). The chewing lice: World checklist and biological overview. Illinois Natural History Survey special Publication, 1- 501.
Rajput, S., Joshi, V. D., Gupta, N., Khan, V. and Saxena, A. K. (2009). Population dynamics of Phthiraptera on Indian Bank Myna, Acridotheres ginginianus. Entomon, 34 (2): 99- 102.
Rekasi, J., Rozsa, L. and Kiss, B. J. (1997). Patterns in the distribution of avian lice (Phthiraptera : Amblycera, Ischnocera). J. Avian Biol., 28: 150-156.
Rozsa, L., Rekasi, J. and Reiczigel, J. (1996). Relationship of host coloniality to the population ecology of avian lice (Insecta: Phthiraptera). J. Anim. Ecol., 65: 242-258.
Rozsa, L., Reiczigel, J. and Majoros, G. (2000). Quantifying parasites in sample of hosts. J. Parasitol., 86: 228- 232.
Saxena, A. K., Kumar, A., Surman and Singh, S. K. (1995). Prevalence of Menopon gallinae Linne. (Phthiraptera : Amblycera) on poultry birds of Garhwal. J. Parasitic Dis., 19 (1): 69-72.
Saxena, A. K., Surman, Singh,S. K., Kumar, A. and Trivedi, M. C. (1997). Population composition of poultry shaft louse, Menopon gallinae (Insecta, Phthiraptera, Amblycera, Menoponidae). Rudolst. Nat. Sch., 7: 49-51.
Saxena, A. K., Kumar, S., Gupta, N. and Singh, S.K. (2004). Prevalence of phthirapteran ectoparasitic insects on domestic hens of Rampur. J. Parasitic Dis., 28(1): 57-60.
Saxena A. K., S. Kumar, N. Gupta, J. D. Mitra, S. A. Ali and R. Srivastava (2007). Distribution pattern of phthirapterans infesting certain common Indian birds. J. Parasitol., 93/4: 957-958.
Singh, S. K., Surman, A. Kumar and A. K. Saxena (1998). Population composition of four phthirapteran ectoparasites infesting blue rock pigeon Columba livia. J. Parasitic Dis., 22(2): 144-147.
Singh, S. K., Surman, A. K. Saxena and J. D. Mitra (2000a). Seasonal variation in the population of poultry shaft louse, Menopon gallinae (Phthiraptera : Amblycera). Ind. J. Env. Ecoplan., 3(3): 615-618.
Singh, S. K., A. Kumar, Surman, Smita Badola and A. K. Saxena (2000b). Seasonal variation in population of one amblyceran and one ischncoeran pigeon lice (Phthiraptera, Insecta). J. Parassitol. Appl. An. Biol., 9(2): 89-96.
Singh, S. K., Surman, Saxena, A. K., Maurya, N. and Suresh Chandra (2009). Prevalence of Eomenacanthus stramineus (Insecta, Phthiraptera, Amblycera, Memoponidae) on poultry birds (Gallus gallus F. Domesticus) of Jaunpur. J. App. Nat. Sci., 1(2): 235-240.
Trivedi, M. C. and Saxena, A. K. (1991). Population dynamics of chicken body louse, Menacanthus stramineus (Phthiraptera : Amblycera). J. Zool Res., 4 (1&2):37-42.
Trivedi, M. C., A. K. Saxena and B. S. Rawat (1992). Incidence of Mallophaga on poultry in Dehradun (India). Angew. Parasitol., 33: 69-78.
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Population characteristics of Phthiraptera occurring on Red Whiskered Bulbul (Pycnonotus jocosus). (2010). Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 2(2), 263-265. https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v2i2.132
