Characterization of Sorghum germplasm for various qualitative traits
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Abstract
Present study was performed to characterize 750 germplasm lines with 4 checks namely CSV17, CSV20, CSV27 and CSV21F for various qualitative traits of Sorghum. These 754 genotypes were sown in augmented RBD with 30 replications during Kharif 2014 at Instructional Farm, Rajasthan College of Agriculture, Udaipur. Majority of the accessions showed poor early plant vigour (40.2 %), dark green leaf (88.6 %), non- tan leaf sheath pigmentation (60 %), drooping leaves (100 %), white midrib colour (51.6 %), senescence (60 %), loose panicle density (31.5 %), elliptical panicle shape (66.5 %), straw glume colour (48.2 %), 3/4 glume coverage (42.9 %), absence of awns (59.5 %), creamy straw seed (39.9 %), oval grain shape (48.8 %), medium seed size (43.7 %), non-lustrous seed (62.0 %), intermediate endosperm texture (50.3 %) and bicolor race (49.6 %). Very good early plant vigour, tan type leaf sheath pigmentation, drooping leaf orientation, straw glume colour, ½ glume covering, oval grain shape, intermediate endosperm texture appeared in all the 4 check. The results of this study indicated that considerable genetic diversity exists among the sorghum accessions.
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Keywords
Accessions, Augmented RBD, Frequency of genotypes, Qualitative traits, Sorghum
References
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Appa Rao, S., E. S. Monyo, L. R., House, M. H. Mengesha and Negumbo (1992). Germplasm collection mission to Namibia. FAO/IBPGR Plant Genetic Resources Newsletter. 90: 42
Assefa, Y. and Staggenborg, S. A. (2011). Phenotypic changes in grain sorghum over the last five decades. Journal Agronomy Crop Science, 197: 249–57
Audilakshmi, S., Stenhouse, J. W., Reddy T. P. and Prasad M. V. R., (1999). Grain mould resistance and associated characters of sorghum genotypes. Euphytica, 107: 91-103
Ayana, A. and Bekele, E. (1998 a.) Geographical patterns of morphological variation in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) germplasm from Ethiopia and Eritrea: Qualitative characters. Hereditas, 129: 195-205
Borrell, A. K., Hammer, G. L. and Andrew Douglas. C. L. (2000). Does maintaining green leaf area in sorghum improve yield under drought? I. Leaf growth and senescence. Crop Science, 40: 1026–37
Doggett, H., (1988b). “Sorghum” Second edition. New York, USA: John Wiley and Sons. 512.
Duncan, R. R., Bockholt, A. J. and Miller, F. R. (1981). Descriptive comparison of senescent and non-senescent sorghum genotypes. Agronomy Journal, 73: 849–53
Durrishahwar, M. N., Rahman, H., Ihteramullah Shah, I. A., Ali, F., Shah, S. M. A. and Mehmood, N. (2012). Characterization of sorghum germplasm for various morphological and fodder yield parameters. African Journal of Biotechnology, 11 (56): 11952-59
Edwards, G. E., Franceschi, V. R. and Voznesenskaya, E. V. (2004). Single cell C4 photosynthesis versus the dual-cell (Kranz) paradigm. Annal Revised Plant Biology, 55: 173-196
Elangovan, M., Prabhakar, and Reddy, D. C. S. (2007). Characterization and evaluation of sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] germplasm. Karnataka Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 20 (4): 840-42
Elangovan, M., Prabhakar, Chandra, D. and Reddy, S. (2007). Characterization and evaluation of sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] germplasm from Karnataka. Karnataka Journal for Agricultural Science, 20 (4): 840-42
Fellner, M., E. D. Ford, E. and Van Volkenburgh (2006). Development of erect leaves in a modern maize hybrid is associated with reduced responsiveness to auxin and light of young seedlings in vitro. Plant Signal. Behav, 1: 201–11
Harlan, J. R. and J. M. J. de Wet. (1972). A simple classification of cultivated sorghum. Crop Science, 12: 172-76
Harlan, J. R. ( 1992). Crops and Man. Madison, Wisconsin, CSSA, 272
Hikeezi Doreen Mwiita, (2010). The importance of sorghum grain colour and hardness and their causes and measurement. INTSORMIL Presentations.18
Ibrahim, O. E., Nyquist, W. E. and Axtell, J. D. (1985). Quantitative inheritance and correlations of agronomic and grain quality traits of sorghum. Crop Science, 25: 649
Jambunathan, R., Kherdekar, M. S. and Stenhouse, J. W. (1992). Sorghum grain hardness and its relationship to mold susceptibility and mold resistance. Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry, 40:1403
Kudadjie, C. Y. (2006). Integrating science with farmer knowledge: Sorghum diversity management in north-east Ghana. PhD thesis, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
Mukuru, S. Z. (1992). Breeding for grain mold resistance. A Second World Review. ICRISAT, 273- 85
Mutegi, E., Sagnard, F., Semagn, K., Deu, M., Muraya, M., Kanyenji, B., de Villiers, S., Kiambi, D., Herselman, L. and Labuschagne, M. (2010). Genetic structure and relationships within and between cultivated and wild sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) in Kenya as revealed by microsatellite markers. Theoritical and Applied Genetics, 122: 989-1004
Narayanan, S., Aiken, R. M., Vara Prasad, P. V., Xin, Z. and Yu, J., (2013). Water and radiation use efficiencies in sorghum. Agronomy Journal, 105: 649–56
Prasada Rao, K. E., Mengesha, M. H. and Reddy, V. G. (1989). International use of sorghum germplasm collection. 49-67
Rosenow, D. T. (1977). Breeding for lodging resistance in sorghum.171–85
Rosenow, D. T., Clark, L. E., (1981). Drought tolerance in sorghum.18–31
Rosenow, D. T. and Dalhberg, J. A. (2000). Collection, Conversion and Utilization of Sorghum. In: Smith, C. W. and Frederiksen, A. R. (Eds.) Sorghum, Origin, History, Technology and Production, John Wiley and Sons, New York, USA. 309-328
Sajid, M., Bashir, A., Ahmad, A., Akram, Z., Jabeen, N. and Gulfrazi, M. (2008). Molecular characterization of regional Sorghum bicolor varieties from Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 40 (5): 2015-2021
Sergio, L., Gianni, B. (2005). Molecular markers based analysis for crop germplasm preservation. The role of biotechnology, Villa Gualino, Turin, Italy, 55. pf
Singh F., Rai, K. N., Reddy, B. V. snd Dawakar, B. (1997). Development of cultivars and seed production techniques in sorghum and pearl millet. Training manual. Training and Fellowship Program and Genetic Enhancement Division, ICRISAT.118
Teshome, A., Baum, B. R., Fahria, L., Torrance, J. K., Arnoson, T. J. and Lambert, J. D. (1997). Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) landrace variation and classification in North Shewa and South Welo, Ethiopia. Euphytica, 97: 255-63
Taylor, J. R. N. (2004). Overview: Importance of sorghum in Africa.
Tian, F., P. J. Bradbury, P. J., Brown, H., Hung, Q., Sun, S., Flint-Garcia, T. R., Rocheford, M. D., McMullen, J. B., Holland, and Buckler, E. S. (2011). Genome-wide association study of leaf architecture in the maize nested association mapping population. Nature Genetics, 43: 159–62
Upadhyaya, H. D., Gowda, C. L. L. and Sastry, D. V. S. S. R. (2008). Plant genetic resources management: collection, characterization, conservation and utilization. International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Andhra Pradesh, India. Journal of SAT Agricultural Research, 6
Appa Rao, S., E. S. Monyo, L. R., House, M. H. Mengesha and Negumbo (1992). Germplasm collection mission to Namibia. FAO/IBPGR Plant Genetic Resources Newsletter. 90: 42
Assefa, Y. and Staggenborg, S. A. (2011). Phenotypic changes in grain sorghum over the last five decades. Journal Agronomy Crop Science, 197: 249–57
Audilakshmi, S., Stenhouse, J. W., Reddy T. P. and Prasad M. V. R., (1999). Grain mould resistance and associated characters of sorghum genotypes. Euphytica, 107: 91-103
Ayana, A. and Bekele, E. (1998 a.) Geographical patterns of morphological variation in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) germplasm from Ethiopia and Eritrea: Qualitative characters. Hereditas, 129: 195-205
Borrell, A. K., Hammer, G. L. and Andrew Douglas. C. L. (2000). Does maintaining green leaf area in sorghum improve yield under drought? I. Leaf growth and senescence. Crop Science, 40: 1026–37
Doggett, H., (1988b). “Sorghum” Second edition. New York, USA: John Wiley and Sons. 512.
Duncan, R. R., Bockholt, A. J. and Miller, F. R. (1981). Descriptive comparison of senescent and non-senescent sorghum genotypes. Agronomy Journal, 73: 849–53
Durrishahwar, M. N., Rahman, H., Ihteramullah Shah, I. A., Ali, F., Shah, S. M. A. and Mehmood, N. (2012). Characterization of sorghum germplasm for various morphological and fodder yield parameters. African Journal of Biotechnology, 11 (56): 11952-59
Edwards, G. E., Franceschi, V. R. and Voznesenskaya, E. V. (2004). Single cell C4 photosynthesis versus the dual-cell (Kranz) paradigm. Annal Revised Plant Biology, 55: 173-196
Elangovan, M., Prabhakar, and Reddy, D. C. S. (2007). Characterization and evaluation of sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] germplasm. Karnataka Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 20 (4): 840-42
Elangovan, M., Prabhakar, Chandra, D. and Reddy, S. (2007). Characterization and evaluation of sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] germplasm from Karnataka. Karnataka Journal for Agricultural Science, 20 (4): 840-42
Fellner, M., E. D. Ford, E. and Van Volkenburgh (2006). Development of erect leaves in a modern maize hybrid is associated with reduced responsiveness to auxin and light of young seedlings in vitro. Plant Signal. Behav, 1: 201–11
Harlan, J. R. and J. M. J. de Wet. (1972). A simple classification of cultivated sorghum. Crop Science, 12: 172-76
Harlan, J. R. ( 1992). Crops and Man. Madison, Wisconsin, CSSA, 272
Hikeezi Doreen Mwiita, (2010). The importance of sorghum grain colour and hardness and their causes and measurement. INTSORMIL Presentations.18
Ibrahim, O. E., Nyquist, W. E. and Axtell, J. D. (1985). Quantitative inheritance and correlations of agronomic and grain quality traits of sorghum. Crop Science, 25: 649
Jambunathan, R., Kherdekar, M. S. and Stenhouse, J. W. (1992). Sorghum grain hardness and its relationship to mold susceptibility and mold resistance. Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry, 40:1403
Kudadjie, C. Y. (2006). Integrating science with farmer knowledge: Sorghum diversity management in north-east Ghana. PhD thesis, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
Mukuru, S. Z. (1992). Breeding for grain mold resistance. A Second World Review. ICRISAT, 273- 85
Mutegi, E., Sagnard, F., Semagn, K., Deu, M., Muraya, M., Kanyenji, B., de Villiers, S., Kiambi, D., Herselman, L. and Labuschagne, M. (2010). Genetic structure and relationships within and between cultivated and wild sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) in Kenya as revealed by microsatellite markers. Theoritical and Applied Genetics, 122: 989-1004
Narayanan, S., Aiken, R. M., Vara Prasad, P. V., Xin, Z. and Yu, J., (2013). Water and radiation use efficiencies in sorghum. Agronomy Journal, 105: 649–56
Prasada Rao, K. E., Mengesha, M. H. and Reddy, V. G. (1989). International use of sorghum germplasm collection. 49-67
Rosenow, D. T. (1977). Breeding for lodging resistance in sorghum.171–85
Rosenow, D. T., Clark, L. E., (1981). Drought tolerance in sorghum.18–31
Rosenow, D. T. and Dalhberg, J. A. (2000). Collection, Conversion and Utilization of Sorghum. In: Smith, C. W. and Frederiksen, A. R. (Eds.) Sorghum, Origin, History, Technology and Production, John Wiley and Sons, New York, USA. 309-328
Sajid, M., Bashir, A., Ahmad, A., Akram, Z., Jabeen, N. and Gulfrazi, M. (2008). Molecular characterization of regional Sorghum bicolor varieties from Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 40 (5): 2015-2021
Sergio, L., Gianni, B. (2005). Molecular markers based analysis for crop germplasm preservation. The role of biotechnology, Villa Gualino, Turin, Italy, 55. pf
Singh F., Rai, K. N., Reddy, B. V. snd Dawakar, B. (1997). Development of cultivars and seed production techniques in sorghum and pearl millet. Training manual. Training and Fellowship Program and Genetic Enhancement Division, ICRISAT.118
Teshome, A., Baum, B. R., Fahria, L., Torrance, J. K., Arnoson, T. J. and Lambert, J. D. (1997). Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) landrace variation and classification in North Shewa and South Welo, Ethiopia. Euphytica, 97: 255-63
Taylor, J. R. N. (2004). Overview: Importance of sorghum in Africa.
Tian, F., P. J. Bradbury, P. J., Brown, H., Hung, Q., Sun, S., Flint-Garcia, T. R., Rocheford, M. D., McMullen, J. B., Holland, and Buckler, E. S. (2011). Genome-wide association study of leaf architecture in the maize nested association mapping population. Nature Genetics, 43: 159–62
Upadhyaya, H. D., Gowda, C. L. L. and Sastry, D. V. S. S. R. (2008). Plant genetic resources management: collection, characterization, conservation and utilization. International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Andhra Pradesh, India. Journal of SAT Agricultural Research, 6
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Characterization of Sorghum germplasm for various qualitative traits. (2017). Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 9(2), 1002-1007. https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v9i2.1311
