Morphological characterization of forage sorghum genotypes for its various DUS traits
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Abstract
The present investigation was conducted to characterize 20 genotypes of sorghum {Sorghum bicolor (L.) moench} on the basis of 33 morphological characters provided by Protection of Plant Variety & Farmer’s Right Act (PPV&FRA) for Distinctiveness Uniformity and Stability (DUS) testing in sorghum. Experimental results revealed that maximum variation was found on the basis of glume colour among the genotypes i.e. G 46, HC 308, HJ 513 had green white, IS 3237, SSG 9, HC 171 had yellow white, SSG 59-3, COFS 29 had grayed purple, S 437-1, SGL-87, S 540-S, SSG (PSSG) had grayed yellow and remaining seven genotypes had grayed orange glume colour. The studied traits showed five genotypes had distinct state of expression. Genotype S-540 showed very high plant height upto the base of flag leaf, HC 136 had compact panicle density at maturity, COFS 29 had very long glume length, SSG 59-3 had distinct expression for days to panicle emergence (50 % of the plants with 50 % of anthesis) and COFS 29 and IS 18551 had short and very long leaf width of blade, respectively. The Principal Component Analysis (PCA) revealed principal Factor (PFI) and Principal Factor (PFII) with maximum variability (64.99 %). Classification of genotypes on the basis of DUS traits provided identification of key characteristics of various genotypes.
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Keywords
DUS, Forage, PPV and FRA, Principal component analysis, Sorghum bicolor
References
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Anonymous. (2004). National Guidelines for the Conduct of tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and Stability of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.). ITG/03 sorghum, 28/10/03.1-16 (http://agricoop.nic.in/SeedTestguide/)
Anonymous. (2007). General Guidelines to the examination of DUS and the development of harmonized descriptors of plant varieties. Plant Var. J., 1:192-201
Ayana A. and Bekele E. (2000). Geographical patterns of morphological variation in sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] germplasm from Ethiopia and Eritrea: Quantitative characters. Euphytica, 115: 91-104
Chandgi, R., Punia, R. C., Grewal, R. P. S. and Lodhi, G. P. (1998). Characterization of sorghum cultivars for tannic acid. Forage Res., 24(2): 125-126
Doggett, H. (1988). “Sorghum” Second edition. New York, USA: John Wiley and Sons. 512
Durrishahwar., Muhammad, N., Hidayat, R., Ihteramullah, Irfan, A. S., Farhan, A., Syed, M. A. S. and Nasir, M. (2012). Characterization of sorghum germplasm for various morphological and fodder yield parameters. Afr. J. Biotechnol., 11(56). 11952-11959
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Hair, J. F. J., Anderson, R. E., Tatham, R. C. and Black, W. C. (1998). Multivariate data analysis. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
Joshi, D. C., Shrotria, P. K., Singh, R. and Chawla, H. S. (2009). Morphological characterization of forage sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] varieties for DUS testing. Ind. J. Genet. Pl. Breed., 69(4): 383-393
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Nabi, C. G., Muhammad, R. and Ghulam, A. (2006). Comparison of some advanced lines of Sorghum bicolor L. Monech for green fodder/ dry matter yields and morpho-economic parameters. J. Agril. Res. Lahore., 44(3): 191-196
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Rakshit, S., Gomashe, S. S., Ganapathy, K. N. Elangovan, M., Ratnavathi, C. V., Seetharama, N. and Patil, J. V. (2012). Morphological and molecular diversity reveal wide variability among sorghum Maldandi landraces from India. J. Plant Biochem. Biotechnol., 21(2):145–156
Reddy, B. V. S., Sharma, H. C., Thakur, R. P. and Ramesh, S. (2006). Special issue: Characterization of ICRISAT- bred Sorghum hybrid parents (set I). Int. Sorghum and Millets Newsletter, 47: 138
Reddy, D. C. S., Audilakshmi, S. and Seetharama, N. (2009). Genetic variability and divergence for DUS testing traits in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor). Ind. J. Agril. Sci., 79(4): 286-290
Reddy, R. N., Mohan, S. M., Madhusudhana, R., Umakanth, A. V., Satish, K. and Srinivas, G. (2008). Inheritance of morphological characters in sorghum. J. SAT Agril Res., 6: 1-3
Ringo J.H., Mneney E. E., Onkware A.O., Owuoche J. O.,Were B.A., Too E.J and Gudu S.O. (2014). Diversity of Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) Germplasm from Tanzania. J. Biol., Agricul Healthcare, 4 (24):36-44
Sangwan, V. P., Chauhan, P. and Ram, C. (2005). Varietal identification of forage sorghum through morphological characters. Seed Res., 33(1): 117-118
Selvaraju, P. and Sivasubramaniam, K. (2000). Identification keys for sorghum varieties. Madras Agril. J., 87: 10-12
Sharma J.R. (1998). Statistical and biometrical techniques in plant breeding. New Age International (P) Limited Publishers, New Delhi, India. 432
Singh, S., Yadav, Y. P., Yadav, H. P., Vart, D. and Yadav, N. (2016). Morphological characterization of pearl millet hybrids [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.] and their parents. Afr. J. Agric. Res., 11(5) 371-378
Thangavel, P., Bhatati, A., Natarajan, N. and Evera, T. (2005). Varietal grouping in sorghum by seed and seedling morphology and response to chemical testing. Karnat. J. Agril. Sci., 18(3): 664-672
Ali, M. A., Shahid, N., Amjad, A., Waseem, S. and Khawar, J. (2009). Genetic diversity and assessment of drought tolerant sorghum landraces based on morph-physiological traits at different growth stages. Plant Omics., 2(5) 214-227
Anonymous. (2001). Protection of Plant Varieties and Farmers Rights Act. (No. 53 of 2001). Deptt. of Agriculture and Co-operation. Ministry of Agriculture, Govt. of India, Krishi Bhavan, New Delhi.
Anonymous. (2004). National Guidelines for the Conduct of tests for Distinctness, Homogeneity and Stability of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.). ITG/03 sorghum, 28/10/03.1-16 (http://agricoop.nic.in/SeedTestguide/)
Anonymous. (2007). General Guidelines to the examination of DUS and the development of harmonized descriptors of plant varieties. Plant Var. J., 1:192-201
Ayana A. and Bekele E. (2000). Geographical patterns of morphological variation in sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] germplasm from Ethiopia and Eritrea: Quantitative characters. Euphytica, 115: 91-104
Chandgi, R., Punia, R. C., Grewal, R. P. S. and Lodhi, G. P. (1998). Characterization of sorghum cultivars for tannic acid. Forage Res., 24(2): 125-126
Doggett, H. (1988). “Sorghum” Second edition. New York, USA: John Wiley and Sons. 512
Durrishahwar., Muhammad, N., Hidayat, R., Ihteramullah, Irfan, A. S., Farhan, A., Syed, M. A. S. and Nasir, M. (2012). Characterization of sorghum germplasm for various morphological and fodder yield parameters. Afr. J. Biotechnol., 11(56). 11952-11959
Earp, C. F., McDonough, C. M., Awika, J. and Rooney, L. W. (2004). “Testa development in the caryopsis of Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench”. J. Cereal Sci., 39:303–311
Elangovan, M., Prabhakar and Reddy, D. C. S. (2007). Characterization and evaluation of sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] germplasm from Karnataka, India. Karnat. J. Agril. Sci., 20(4): 840-842
Elangovan, M. and Babu, P. K. (2015). Genetic variability and diversity of sorghum landraces collected from uttar pradesh, India. Indian J. Plant Genet. Resour., 28(2):213-221
Fenty, J. (2004). Analysing distances. The Strata Journal, 4: 1-26
Franco, T. L. and Hidalgo, R. (2003). Análisis estadístico de datos de caracterización morfológica de recursos fitogenéticos. Franco, T. L. & Hidalgo, R. (eds.). Boletín Técnico Núm. 8 Instituto Internacional de Recursos Fitogenéticos (IPGRI), Cali, Colombia. 89
Hair, J. F. J., Anderson, R. E., Tatham, R. C. and Black, W. C. (1998). Multivariate data analysis. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
Joshi, D. C., Shrotria, P. K., Singh, R. and Chawla, H. S. (2009). Morphological characterization of forage sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] varieties for DUS testing. Ind. J. Genet. Pl. Breed., 69(4): 383-393
Joshi, M. A., Sarao, N. K., Sharma, R. C., Singh, P. and Bharaj, T. S. (2007). Varietal characterization of rice (Oryza sativa L.) based on morphological descriptors. Seed Res., 35: 188-193
Kannababu, N., Rakshit, S., Audilakshmi, S., Tonapi, V. A., Patil, J. V., Dhandapani, A., Reddy, D. C. S., Venugopal, K., Swarnalatha, M., Balakrishna Raghunath, G. K. and Subhakar, V. (2013). Genetic variability among Indian rainy season sorghum cultivars revealed by morpho-agronomic traits. Indian J. Genet., 73(1): 110-115
Madhusudhana, R. and Patil, J. (2013) A major QTL for plant height is linked with bloom locus in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench). Euphytica., 191(2) 259-268
Nabi, C. G., Muhammad, R. and Ghulam, A. (2006). Comparison of some advanced lines of Sorghum bicolor L. Monech for green fodder/ dry matter yields and morpho-economic parameters. J. Agril. Res. Lahore., 44(3): 191-196
Nagaraja, G. S., Varier, A., Singh, U. and Sharma, S. P. (2000). Characterization of inbreds and hybrids of sorghum {Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench} by seed and seedling morphology and electrophoresis of seed proteins and isoenzymes. Pl. Var. Seeds., 13(1): 17-29
Raghuvanshi, S., Swamy, D., Mahadevakumar, S. and Singh, O. P. (2014). DUS discriptor of seventeen forage cultivars of sorghum [Sorghum bicolour (L.) Moench]. G.J.B.B. 3 (1): 100-108
Rakshit, S., Gomashe, S. S., Ganapathy, K. N. Elangovan, M., Ratnavathi, C. V., Seetharama, N. and Patil, J. V. (2012). Morphological and molecular diversity reveal wide variability among sorghum Maldandi landraces from India. J. Plant Biochem. Biotechnol., 21(2):145–156
Reddy, B. V. S., Sharma, H. C., Thakur, R. P. and Ramesh, S. (2006). Special issue: Characterization of ICRISAT- bred Sorghum hybrid parents (set I). Int. Sorghum and Millets Newsletter, 47: 138
Reddy, D. C. S., Audilakshmi, S. and Seetharama, N. (2009). Genetic variability and divergence for DUS testing traits in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor). Ind. J. Agril. Sci., 79(4): 286-290
Reddy, R. N., Mohan, S. M., Madhusudhana, R., Umakanth, A. V., Satish, K. and Srinivas, G. (2008). Inheritance of morphological characters in sorghum. J. SAT Agril Res., 6: 1-3
Ringo J.H., Mneney E. E., Onkware A.O., Owuoche J. O.,Were B.A., Too E.J and Gudu S.O. (2014). Diversity of Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) Germplasm from Tanzania. J. Biol., Agricul Healthcare, 4 (24):36-44
Sangwan, V. P., Chauhan, P. and Ram, C. (2005). Varietal identification of forage sorghum through morphological characters. Seed Res., 33(1): 117-118
Selvaraju, P. and Sivasubramaniam, K. (2000). Identification keys for sorghum varieties. Madras Agril. J., 87: 10-12
Sharma J.R. (1998). Statistical and biometrical techniques in plant breeding. New Age International (P) Limited Publishers, New Delhi, India. 432
Singh, S., Yadav, Y. P., Yadav, H. P., Vart, D. and Yadav, N. (2016). Morphological characterization of pearl millet hybrids [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.] and their parents. Afr. J. Agric. Res., 11(5) 371-378
Thangavel, P., Bhatati, A., Natarajan, N. and Evera, T. (2005). Varietal grouping in sorghum by seed and seedling morphology and response to chemical testing. Karnat. J. Agril. Sci., 18(3): 664-672
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Morphological characterization of forage sorghum genotypes for its various DUS traits. (2017). Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 9(2), 912-919. https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v9i2.1297
