Endophytic microorganisms of tropical tuber crops: Potential and perspectives
Article Main
Abstract
Endophytic microorganisms which include both bacteria and fungi colonise almost every plant species. In order to colonize the plant and compete with other microorganisms, they produce a plethora of secondary metabolites, including toxins, enzymes, antibiotics, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory and antifungal compounds. Endophytic fungi can have profound impacts on plant communities which include abiotic and biotic stress tolerance, increase of biomass, decrease of water consumption and alteration of resource allocation, nitrogen fixation, increased drought resistance, thermal protection, survival under osmotic stress and degradation of pollutants. Though tuber crops are the second most important group of crop plants providing food energy to humans after cereals, less attention has been paid to the these traditional crops in general. Investigations regarding the association of endophytes with the tuber crops have been sparsely studied though in some tuber crops like cassava, sweet potato and yams, presence of endophytes have been reported. Hence from the scarcely available literature, in the current review an attempt was made to put light on the various beneficial activities of endophytes on tuber crops. These reports glorified many symbiotically associated endophytes to have antagonistic properties against many plant pathogens like Rhizoctoniasolani, Pythiumaphanidermatumand Sclerotiumrolfsii. Species like Rahnellawas resilient to cold shock, UV irradiation and antibiotics. Many diazotropihic and non-diazotropihicendophytic bacteria were involved in nitrogen fixation. Actinomycetesendophytes were novel sources of industrially important thermostableamylolytic enzymes. However, inspite of all these profound beneficial effects endophytic associations are still to be studied in many tuber crops like taro, elephant foot yam, greater yam etc. So this review put forward the urge to carry out comprehensive research on these important microbes on such important crops.
Article Details
Article Details
Keywords
Cassava, Endophytes, Sweet potato, Tuber crops, Yam, Yam bean
References
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Brader, G., Compant, S., Mitter, B., Trognitz, F. and Sessitsch, A. (2014). Metabolic potential of endophytic bacteria. Curr. Opin. Biotech., 27: 30-37
Canova, S. P., Petta, T., Reyes, L. F., Zucchi, T. D., Moraes, L. A. B. and Melo, I. S. (2010). Characterization of lipopeptides from Paenibacillus sp. (IIRAC30) suppressing Rhizoctonia solani. World. J. Micro. Biot., 26: 2241-2247
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Chauhan, R. D., Beyene, G. and Taylor, N. J. (2013). Identification of Hyphomicrobium as a bacterial endophyte of cassava (Manihot Esculenta Crantz) and its elimination from In Vitro cultures. In vitro biology meeting. 2013 meeting of the society for in vitro biology. June 15-19, Providence, Rhode Island. Retrived on 10th December 2016 from https://sivb.org/meetings/pastmeetings/2013Meeting/2013Assets/addendum%20booklet.pdf.
Chipeta, M. M., Bokosi, J. M. (2013). Status of Cassava (Manihot esculenta) Production and utilization in Malawi. International. J. Agron. Plant. Product, 4 (S): 3637-3644
De Melo, F. M. P., Fiore, M. F., DeMoraes, L. A. B., Stenico, M. E. S., Scramin, S., Teixeira, M. A. and DeMelo, I. S. (2009). Antifungal Compound Produced by the Cassava Endophyte Bacillus pumilus MAIIIM4A. Sci. Agric. (Piracicaba, Braz.), 66(5): 583-592
DeAraujo, B. S., de Oliveira, J. O., Machado, S. S. (2004). Comparative studies of the peroxidases from hairy roots of Daucus carota, Ipomoea batatas and Solanum aviculare. Plant. Sci., 167: 1151-1157
Doty, S. L. (2008) Enhancing phytoremediation through the use of transgenics and endophytes. New. Phytol., 179:318-333
Elbeltagy, A., Nishioka K., Sato T., Suzuki H., Ye B., Hamada T., Isawa T., Mitsui H., and Minamisawa K. (2001). Endophytic colonization and in planta nitrogen fixation by a Herbaspirillum sp. isolated from wild rice species. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 67: 5285-5293
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Hallmann, J., Quadt-hallmann, A., Mahaffee, W. F. and Kloepper, J. W. (1997). Bacterial endophytes in agricultural crops. Canadian. J. Microbiol., 43: 895-914
Hipol, R. M. (2012). Molecular Identification and Phylogenetic Affinity of Two Growth Promoting Fungal Endophytes of Sweet Potato (Ipomea batatas (L.) Lam.) from Baguio City, Philippines. Elect. J. Biol., 8(3): 57-61
Horton, D. and Fano, H. (1985). Potato Atlas, International Potato Center (CIP), Lima, Peru. p. 136.
IITA: International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, PMB. 5320, Oyo Road Ibadan, Nigeria. Retrived on 10th December 2016 fromhttp://www.iita.org/c/document_library/get_file?p_l_id=45268&folderId=7172121&name=DLFE-8906.pdf.
Khan, Z. and Doty, S. L. (2009). Characterization of bacterial endophytes of sweet potato plants. Plant. Soil. 322(1): 197-207.
Krebs, B., Höding, B., Kübart, S., Alemayehu-Workie, M., Junge, H., Schmiedeknecht, G., Grosch, R., Bochow, H. and Hevesi, M. (1998) Use of Bacillus subtilis as biological control agent. I. Activities and characterization of Bacillus subtilis strains. J. Plant Dis. Prot., 105:181-197
Lebot, V. (2009). Tropical Root and Tuber Crops: Cassava, Sweet Potato, Yams and Aroids; CAB International: Oxford, UK, 2009; Crop Production Science in Horticulture Series, 17, P. 413
Loeffler, W., Tschen, S. M., Vanittanakom, N., Kugler, M., Knorpp, E., Hsieh, T. F., Wu, T. G. (1986) Antifungal effects of bacilysin and fengymycin from Bacillus subtilis F29-3: a comparison with activities of other Bacillus antibiotics. J. Phytopath., 115: 204-213
Maggirwar, R. C., Tayde, S. S., Khodke, S. P., Deotare, P. W. and Hedawoo, G. B. (2013). Incidence of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal and Dark Septate Fungal association in Dioscorea species, Int. J. Life. Sci., 1(3): 161-164
Menpara, D. and Chanda, S. (2013). Endophytic bacteria- Unexplored reservoir of antimicrobials for combating microbial pathogens. In: Mendez-Vilas A (Ed) Microbial Pathogens and Strategies for Combating them: Science, Technology and Education. Formatex, Badazoj, Spain, 1095-1103
Mitra, S. (2012). Nutritional Status of Orange-Fleshed Sweet Potatoes in Alleviating Vitamin A Malnutrition through a Food-Based Approach. J. Nutr. Food. Sci., 2(8): 160
Nayak, S., Mukherjee, A., Kishore, K., Mandal, S., Pillai, R and Patro, R. (2016). Putative endophytic fungi from taro (Colocasia Esculenta), greater yam (Dioscorea Alata) and elephant foot yam (Amorphophallus Paeoniifolius). Int. J. Agr. Env. Biotech., 9(2): 209-212
Nayar, N. M. (2014). The Contribution of Tropical Tuber Crops Towards Food Security. J. Root. Crops, 40 (1): 1-12
Omoregie, S. N., Asemota, H. N., Osagie, A. U., Mantell, S. and Ahmad, M. H. (1999). Occurrence of free-living bacteria in tubers of Dioscorea yams. Trop. Agri., 76(4): 250-255
Porras-Alfaro, A. and Bayman, P. (2011). Hidden Fungi, Emergent Properties: Endophytes and Microbiomes. Annu. Rev. Phytopathol, 49: 291-315
Purnawati, A. and Nirwanto, H. (2013). Endophytic Bacteria as Biocontrol Agents of Xanthomonas campestris pv. manihotis on Cassava In Vitro. 4th International Conference on Global Resource Conservation & 10th Indonesian Society for Plant Taxonomy Congress Brawijaya University, February 7-8th, 2013.
Ravi, V., Aked, J. and Balagopalan, C. (1996). Review on tropical root and tuber crops, Storage methods and quality changes. Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr., 36: 661-709
Reiter, B., Burgmann, H., Burg, K. and Sessitsch, A. (2003). Endophytic nifH gene diversity in African sweet potato. Canadian. J. Microbial., 49(9): 549-555
Rennie, R. J. (1981). A single medium for the isolation of acetylene-reducing (dinitrogen-fixing) bacteria from soils. Can. J. Microbiol., 27: 8-14
Rivera, M. F., Laberry, R. and Lozano, J. C. (1992). Evidences for Endophytes Parasiting Traditional Clones of Cassava (Manihot esculenta crantz). Proceedings of the first international scientific meeting cassava biotechnology network. Organized by the Biotechnology Research Unit, Cassava Program, and Institutional Development Support Program, Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT) Cartagena de Indias, Colombia 25-28 August 1992.
Rodriguez, R. J., White, J. F. Jr., Arnold, A. E. and Redman, R. S. (2009). Fungal endophytes: diversity and functional roles. New Phytologist.
Rosenblueth, M. and Martinez-Romero, E. (2006). Bacterial Endophytes and Their Interactions with Hosts. Mol. Plant-Microbe. Interact., 19 (8): 827-837
Ryan, R. P., Germaine, K., Franks, A., Ryan, D. J. and Dowling, D. N. (2008). Bacterial endophytes: recent developments and applications. FEMS Microbiol. Lett., 278: 1-9
Stamford, T. L. M., Stamford, N. P., Coelho, L. C. B. B. and Araujo, J. M. (2001) Production and characterization of a thermostable ?-amylase from Nocardiopsis sp. endophyte of yam bean. Biores Technol., 76(2), 137-141
Stamford, T. L. M., Stamford, T. C. M., Stamford, N. P., Santos, C. E. R. S., Ha-Park, Y., Bae, J. W. and Araujo, J. M. (2007). Interspecies variation of Kitasatospora recifensis endophytic from yam bean producing thermostable amylases in alternative media. World J Microbiol Biotechnol., 23(12): 1719-1724
Teixeira, M.A., DeMelo, I.S., Vieira, R.F., Costa, F.E.C. and Harakava, R. (2007). Cassava endophytic microorganisms of commercial plantings and ethnovarieties in three Brazilian states. Pesq. Agropec. Bras., 42 (1)
Tsedalu, M., Tesfaye, B. and Goa, Y. (2014). Effect of type of planting material and population density on corm yield and yield components of taro (Colocasia esculenta l.). J. Biol. Agri. Healthcare, 4(17): 124-137
Wakil, S. M. and Mbah, E. I. (2012). Screening Antibiotics for the Elimination of Bacteria from in vitro Yam Plantlets. AU J Technol., 16(1): 7-18
Wilson, D. (1995) Endophyte-The evolution of a term, and clarification of its use and definition. Olkos, 73:
274-276
Yoneyama, T., Terakado, J. and Masuda, T. (1998). Natural abundance of 15N in sweet potato, pumpkin, sorghum and castor bean: Possible input of Nc-derived nitrogen in sweet potato. Bioi. Ferti. Soil., 26: 152-154
Yuan, Z., Zhang, C., Lin, F. and Kubicek, C. P. (2010). Identity, Diversity, and Molecular Phylogeny of the Endophytic Mycobiota in the Roots of Rare Wild Rice (Oryza granulate) from a Nature Reserve in Yunnan, China. Appl. Env. Microbiol., 76 (5): 642-1652
Zhang, Z. D., Xie, Y. Q., Chu, M., Gu, M. Y., Song, S. Q., Tang, Q. Y. and Mao, J. (2010). Study on Isolation and Identification of Endophytes in Yam Rhizome [J]. Xinjiang. Agri. Sci., 1: 024
Zhao, J., Zhou, L., Wang, J., Shan, T., Zhong, L., Liu, X. and Gao, X. (2010). Endophytic fungi for producing bioactive compounds originally from their host plants. Current Research, Technology and education topics in Applied Microbiology and Microbial Biotechnology, Formatex, Spain, pp 567-576
Asis Jr, C. A. and Adachi, K. (2005). Endophytic bacteria associated with sweet potato & their interaction under co-culture conditions. Phil. J Crop Sci., 30(1): 37-45
Brader, G., Compant, S., Mitter, B., Trognitz, F. and Sessitsch, A. (2014). Metabolic potential of endophytic bacteria. Curr. Opin. Biotech., 27: 30-37
Canova, S. P., Petta, T., Reyes, L. F., Zucchi, T. D., Moraes, L. A. B. and Melo, I. S. (2010). Characterization of lipopeptides from Paenibacillus sp. (IIRAC30) suppressing Rhizoctonia solani. World. J. Micro. Biot., 26: 2241-2247
Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (1992). Working Document No. 116, Cassava Program 1987-1991, Released October, 1992. Retrived on 10th December 2016 from http://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PNABN419.pdf.
Chauhan, R. D., Beyene, G. and Taylor, N. J. (2013). Identification of Hyphomicrobium as a bacterial endophyte of cassava (Manihot Esculenta Crantz) and its elimination from In Vitro cultures. In vitro biology meeting. 2013 meeting of the society for in vitro biology. June 15-19, Providence, Rhode Island. Retrived on 10th December 2016 from https://sivb.org/meetings/pastmeetings/2013Meeting/2013Assets/addendum%20booklet.pdf.
Chipeta, M. M., Bokosi, J. M. (2013). Status of Cassava (Manihot esculenta) Production and utilization in Malawi. International. J. Agron. Plant. Product, 4 (S): 3637-3644
De Melo, F. M. P., Fiore, M. F., DeMoraes, L. A. B., Stenico, M. E. S., Scramin, S., Teixeira, M. A. and DeMelo, I. S. (2009). Antifungal Compound Produced by the Cassava Endophyte Bacillus pumilus MAIIIM4A. Sci. Agric. (Piracicaba, Braz.), 66(5): 583-592
DeAraujo, B. S., de Oliveira, J. O., Machado, S. S. (2004). Comparative studies of the peroxidases from hairy roots of Daucus carota, Ipomoea batatas and Solanum aviculare. Plant. Sci., 167: 1151-1157
Doty, S. L. (2008) Enhancing phytoremediation through the use of transgenics and endophytes. New. Phytol., 179:318-333
Elbeltagy, A., Nishioka K., Sato T., Suzuki H., Ye B., Hamada T., Isawa T., Mitsui H., and Minamisawa K. (2001). Endophytic colonization and in planta nitrogen fixation by a Herbaspirillum sp. isolated from wild rice species. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 67: 5285-5293
FAO. Food and Agriculture Organization (2009). How to Feed the World in 2050 A.D. Executive Summary., Rome. Retrived on 10th December 2016 from http://www.fao.org/fileadmin/templates/wsfs/docs/expert_paper/How_to_Feed_the_World_in_2050.pdf.
Hallmann, J., Quadt-hallmann, A., Mahaffee, W. F. and Kloepper, J. W. (1997). Bacterial endophytes in agricultural crops. Canadian. J. Microbiol., 43: 895-914
Hipol, R. M. (2012). Molecular Identification and Phylogenetic Affinity of Two Growth Promoting Fungal Endophytes of Sweet Potato (Ipomea batatas (L.) Lam.) from Baguio City, Philippines. Elect. J. Biol., 8(3): 57-61
Horton, D. and Fano, H. (1985). Potato Atlas, International Potato Center (CIP), Lima, Peru. p. 136.
IITA: International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, PMB. 5320, Oyo Road Ibadan, Nigeria. Retrived on 10th December 2016 fromhttp://www.iita.org/c/document_library/get_file?p_l_id=45268&folderId=7172121&name=DLFE-8906.pdf.
Khan, Z. and Doty, S. L. (2009). Characterization of bacterial endophytes of sweet potato plants. Plant. Soil. 322(1): 197-207.
Krebs, B., Höding, B., Kübart, S., Alemayehu-Workie, M., Junge, H., Schmiedeknecht, G., Grosch, R., Bochow, H. and Hevesi, M. (1998) Use of Bacillus subtilis as biological control agent. I. Activities and characterization of Bacillus subtilis strains. J. Plant Dis. Prot., 105:181-197
Lebot, V. (2009). Tropical Root and Tuber Crops: Cassava, Sweet Potato, Yams and Aroids; CAB International: Oxford, UK, 2009; Crop Production Science in Horticulture Series, 17, P. 413
Loeffler, W., Tschen, S. M., Vanittanakom, N., Kugler, M., Knorpp, E., Hsieh, T. F., Wu, T. G. (1986) Antifungal effects of bacilysin and fengymycin from Bacillus subtilis F29-3: a comparison with activities of other Bacillus antibiotics. J. Phytopath., 115: 204-213
Maggirwar, R. C., Tayde, S. S., Khodke, S. P., Deotare, P. W. and Hedawoo, G. B. (2013). Incidence of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal and Dark Septate Fungal association in Dioscorea species, Int. J. Life. Sci., 1(3): 161-164
Menpara, D. and Chanda, S. (2013). Endophytic bacteria- Unexplored reservoir of antimicrobials for combating microbial pathogens. In: Mendez-Vilas A (Ed) Microbial Pathogens and Strategies for Combating them: Science, Technology and Education. Formatex, Badazoj, Spain, 1095-1103
Mitra, S. (2012). Nutritional Status of Orange-Fleshed Sweet Potatoes in Alleviating Vitamin A Malnutrition through a Food-Based Approach. J. Nutr. Food. Sci., 2(8): 160
Nayak, S., Mukherjee, A., Kishore, K., Mandal, S., Pillai, R and Patro, R. (2016). Putative endophytic fungi from taro (Colocasia Esculenta), greater yam (Dioscorea Alata) and elephant foot yam (Amorphophallus Paeoniifolius). Int. J. Agr. Env. Biotech., 9(2): 209-212
Nayar, N. M. (2014). The Contribution of Tropical Tuber Crops Towards Food Security. J. Root. Crops, 40 (1): 1-12
Omoregie, S. N., Asemota, H. N., Osagie, A. U., Mantell, S. and Ahmad, M. H. (1999). Occurrence of free-living bacteria in tubers of Dioscorea yams. Trop. Agri., 76(4): 250-255
Porras-Alfaro, A. and Bayman, P. (2011). Hidden Fungi, Emergent Properties: Endophytes and Microbiomes. Annu. Rev. Phytopathol, 49: 291-315
Purnawati, A. and Nirwanto, H. (2013). Endophytic Bacteria as Biocontrol Agents of Xanthomonas campestris pv. manihotis on Cassava In Vitro. 4th International Conference on Global Resource Conservation & 10th Indonesian Society for Plant Taxonomy Congress Brawijaya University, February 7-8th, 2013.
Ravi, V., Aked, J. and Balagopalan, C. (1996). Review on tropical root and tuber crops, Storage methods and quality changes. Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr., 36: 661-709
Reiter, B., Burgmann, H., Burg, K. and Sessitsch, A. (2003). Endophytic nifH gene diversity in African sweet potato. Canadian. J. Microbial., 49(9): 549-555
Rennie, R. J. (1981). A single medium for the isolation of acetylene-reducing (dinitrogen-fixing) bacteria from soils. Can. J. Microbiol., 27: 8-14
Rivera, M. F., Laberry, R. and Lozano, J. C. (1992). Evidences for Endophytes Parasiting Traditional Clones of Cassava (Manihot esculenta crantz). Proceedings of the first international scientific meeting cassava biotechnology network. Organized by the Biotechnology Research Unit, Cassava Program, and Institutional Development Support Program, Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT) Cartagena de Indias, Colombia 25-28 August 1992.
Rodriguez, R. J., White, J. F. Jr., Arnold, A. E. and Redman, R. S. (2009). Fungal endophytes: diversity and functional roles. New Phytologist.
Rosenblueth, M. and Martinez-Romero, E. (2006). Bacterial Endophytes and Their Interactions with Hosts. Mol. Plant-Microbe. Interact., 19 (8): 827-837
Ryan, R. P., Germaine, K., Franks, A., Ryan, D. J. and Dowling, D. N. (2008). Bacterial endophytes: recent developments and applications. FEMS Microbiol. Lett., 278: 1-9
Stamford, T. L. M., Stamford, N. P., Coelho, L. C. B. B. and Araujo, J. M. (2001) Production and characterization of a thermostable ?-amylase from Nocardiopsis sp. endophyte of yam bean. Biores Technol., 76(2), 137-141
Stamford, T. L. M., Stamford, T. C. M., Stamford, N. P., Santos, C. E. R. S., Ha-Park, Y., Bae, J. W. and Araujo, J. M. (2007). Interspecies variation of Kitasatospora recifensis endophytic from yam bean producing thermostable amylases in alternative media. World J Microbiol Biotechnol., 23(12): 1719-1724
Teixeira, M.A., DeMelo, I.S., Vieira, R.F., Costa, F.E.C. and Harakava, R. (2007). Cassava endophytic microorganisms of commercial plantings and ethnovarieties in three Brazilian states. Pesq. Agropec. Bras., 42 (1)
Tsedalu, M., Tesfaye, B. and Goa, Y. (2014). Effect of type of planting material and population density on corm yield and yield components of taro (Colocasia esculenta l.). J. Biol. Agri. Healthcare, 4(17): 124-137
Wakil, S. M. and Mbah, E. I. (2012). Screening Antibiotics for the Elimination of Bacteria from in vitro Yam Plantlets. AU J Technol., 16(1): 7-18
Wilson, D. (1995) Endophyte-The evolution of a term, and clarification of its use and definition. Olkos, 73:
274-276
Yoneyama, T., Terakado, J. and Masuda, T. (1998). Natural abundance of 15N in sweet potato, pumpkin, sorghum and castor bean: Possible input of Nc-derived nitrogen in sweet potato. Bioi. Ferti. Soil., 26: 152-154
Yuan, Z., Zhang, C., Lin, F. and Kubicek, C. P. (2010). Identity, Diversity, and Molecular Phylogeny of the Endophytic Mycobiota in the Roots of Rare Wild Rice (Oryza granulate) from a Nature Reserve in Yunnan, China. Appl. Env. Microbiol., 76 (5): 642-1652
Zhang, Z. D., Xie, Y. Q., Chu, M., Gu, M. Y., Song, S. Q., Tang, Q. Y. and Mao, J. (2010). Study on Isolation and Identification of Endophytes in Yam Rhizome [J]. Xinjiang. Agri. Sci., 1: 024
Zhao, J., Zhou, L., Wang, J., Shan, T., Zhong, L., Liu, X. and Gao, X. (2010). Endophytic fungi for producing bioactive compounds originally from their host plants. Current Research, Technology and education topics in Applied Microbiology and Microbial Biotechnology, Formatex, Spain, pp 567-576
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Endophytic microorganisms of tropical tuber crops: Potential and perspectives. (2017). Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 9(2), 860-865. https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v9i2.1287
