Tannery effluent effect on the haematological parameters of freshwater fish, Channa punctatus
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Abstract
The present investigation was undertaken to evaluate the tannery effluent toxicity stress symptoms in fish blood during a long term of exposure period. The effect of tannery effluent on various haematological parameters were evaluated exposing fresh water fish, C. punctatus to different concentration i.e., [Control, 5% Tannery effluent (TE), 10% TE and 20% TE] of tannery effluent. Exposed of fish to tannery effluent showed a significant decrease in the haemoglobin (Hb) content (9.16± 0.08), red blood cells (3.32 ± 0.12), packed cell volume (34.66 ± 0.33) and mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH) values, whereas significant increase in the white blood cells (WBC), erythro-cyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and clotting time was recorded with increase in exposure periods as compared to control respectively. Hb, RBC and MCHC values showed fluctuating results. The haematological parameters were decreases from 15th days of exposure periods to 45th days of exposure period. The decrease in haematological parameters clearly indicates that the exposed fishes have become anemic due to tannery effluent exposure.
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Keywords
Blood, Channa punctatus, Haemoglobin, Tannery effluent, White blood cells
References
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Adebisi, S.A., Ipinromiti, K.O. and Amoo, I.A. (2007). Heavy Metals Contents of Effluents and Receiving Waters from Various Industrial Groups and their Environs. J. Appl. Sci. 2(4): 345-348.
Adriano, D.C. (2001). Trace Elements in Terrestrial Environments: Biochemistry bioavailability and risks of metals. Springer Verlag. p.867.
Anikwe, M. and Nwobodo, K.C.A. (2006). Long term effect of municipal waste disposal on soil properties and productivity of sites used for urban agriculture in Abakaliki, Nigeria. Bioresources Technol., 83: 241-251
APHA.(2005). Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater, 21st Edn., Wasington D.C.
Ates, B., Orun, I., Talas, Z.S., Durmaz, G. and Yilmaz, I . (2008). Effects of sodium selenite on some biochemical and hematological parameters of rainbow trout (Onco¬rhynchus mykiss Walbaum, 1792) exposed to Pb2+ and Cu2+. Fish Physiology and Biochemistry, 34: 53–59
Bakare, A.A., Lateef, A., Amuda, O.S. and Afolabi, R.O. (2003). The aquatic toxicity and characterization of chemical and microbiological constituents of water samples from Oba River, Odo-oba, Nigeria. Asian J. Microbiol Biotechnol. Environ. Sci., 5: 11-17
Bhagwant, S. and Bhikajee, M. (2000). Induction of hypochromic macrocytic anemia in Oreochromis hybrid (cichlidae) exposed to 100mg/l (sublethal dose) of aluminium. Sci. Technol. Res. J., 5: 9-20
Bhatkar, N. V. (2010). Chromium, nickel and zinc induced alterations in the gills of the fresh water fish Labeo rohita. J. Appl. & Nat. Sci., 2 (2): 234-238
Goodwin, T. H., Young, A. R., Holmes, M. G. R., Old, G. H., Hewitt, N., Leeks, G. J. L., Packman, J. C. and Smith, B. P. G. (2003). The temporal and spatial variability of sediment transport and yields within the Bradford Beck catchment, West Yorkshire. Sci. Total Environ., 314-316: 475–494
Haniffa, M. A. and Porchelvi, M. (1985). Effects of distillery effluents on oxygen consumption of freshwater fish, Sarotherodon mossambicus. J. Environ. Biol., 6: 17-23
Kori Siakpere, O., Ake, J. and Avworo, U. M. (2006). Sublethal effects of some selected haematological parameters of Heteroclarias (A hybrid of Heterobranchus bidorsalis and Clarias gariepinus). Int. J. Zool. Res., 2: 77-83
Kori-Siakpere, O. and Ubogu, E. O. (2008). Sublethal haematological effects of zinc on the freshwater fish, Heteroclarias sp. (Osteichthyes: Clariidae). African Journal of Biotechnology, 7 (12): 2068-2073
Larsson, A., Haux, C. and Sjobeck, M. (1985). Fish physiology and metal pollution. Result and experiences from laboratory and field studies. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf., 9: 250 -281
Mallesh, B., Pandey, P. K., Kumar, K., Vennila, A. and Kumar, S. (2015). Bioconcentration of hexavalent chromium in Cirrhinus mrigala (Ham 1822): effect on haematological parameters. Journal of Biology and Earth sciences, 5 (1): 59-67
Mazon, A.F., Cerqueira, C. and Fernandes, M.N. (2002). Gill cellular changes induced by copper exposure in the South American tropical fresh water fish Prochilodous scrofa. Environ. Res., 88: 52-63
Mishra, S., Sharma, D. and Melkania, V. (1988). Physico-chemical .characterstics of effluents from a textile mill at Ra.lnpur and their effect on fish mortality. IXth annual Session of and national symposium on Fish. Assess and Management of Acad.
Morrison, M.L., Block, W.M., Strickland, M.D. and Kendall, W.L. (2001). Wildlife Study Design. New York: Springer-Verlag.
Nadal, M., Schuhmacher, M. and Domingo, D.L. (2004). Metal pollution of soils and vegetation in an area with petrochemical industries. Sci. Total Environ., 321(1-3): 59-69
Odiete, W.O. (1999). Impacts associated with water pollution in Environmental Physiology of Animals and Pollution. Diversified Resources Ltd, Lagos 1st edition. 187-219
Pawar, C. D. (1988). Studies on fish and fisheries of river, Panchganga. M.Phil. dissertation, Shivaji University, KoIhapur (India).
Sahu, R. K., Katiyar, S., Yadav, A. K., Kumar, N. and Srivastava, J. (2008). Toxicity Assessment of Industrial Effluent by Bioassays Clean. Soil, Air, Water, 36:517-520
Shah, S.L. (2006). Haematological parameters in Tench, Tinca tinca after short term exposure to Lead. Journal of Applied Toxicology, 26 (3): 223-228
Shaheen, T. (2009). Studies on chromium toxicity in Cyprinus carpio brood stock progeny relationship. Ph.D Thesis, University of Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.
Singh, M.(1995). Haematological responses in a fresh water teleost, Channa punctatus to experimental copper and Cr poisoning, J. Environ. Biol., 16:339-341
Singh, S. R. and Singh, B. R. (1982). Effect of Copper and Zinc Sulphate on the blood parameters of Mystus vittatus. Matsya, 8: 1-6
Singh, Y., Kant, K., Sharma, H.B. and Rana, K.S. (2008). Bioaccumulation of cadmium in Tissues of Cirrihna mrigala and Catla catla. Asia. J. Exp. Sci., 22(3): 411-414
Sood, R. (1996). Haematology for Students and Practitioners Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd., New Delhi.
Sugasini, A. and Rajagopal, K.(2015). Characterization of Physicochemical Parameters and heavy metal Analysis of Tannery Effluent. Int. J. Curr. Microbiol. App., 4(9): 349-359
Tyagi, A. and Srivastava, N. (2005). Haematological response of fish Channa punctatus (Bloch) to chronic zinc exposure. J Environ. Biol., 26(2 Suppl):429-432
Wintrobe, M.M. (1957). Clinical Haematology. Lea and Febiger, USA.
Adebisi, S.A., Ipinromiti, K.O. and Amoo, I.A. (2007). Heavy Metals Contents of Effluents and Receiving Waters from Various Industrial Groups and their Environs. J. Appl. Sci. 2(4): 345-348.
Adriano, D.C. (2001). Trace Elements in Terrestrial Environments: Biochemistry bioavailability and risks of metals. Springer Verlag. p.867.
Anikwe, M. and Nwobodo, K.C.A. (2006). Long term effect of municipal waste disposal on soil properties and productivity of sites used for urban agriculture in Abakaliki, Nigeria. Bioresources Technol., 83: 241-251
APHA.(2005). Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater, 21st Edn., Wasington D.C.
Ates, B., Orun, I., Talas, Z.S., Durmaz, G. and Yilmaz, I . (2008). Effects of sodium selenite on some biochemical and hematological parameters of rainbow trout (Onco¬rhynchus mykiss Walbaum, 1792) exposed to Pb2+ and Cu2+. Fish Physiology and Biochemistry, 34: 53–59
Bakare, A.A., Lateef, A., Amuda, O.S. and Afolabi, R.O. (2003). The aquatic toxicity and characterization of chemical and microbiological constituents of water samples from Oba River, Odo-oba, Nigeria. Asian J. Microbiol Biotechnol. Environ. Sci., 5: 11-17
Bhagwant, S. and Bhikajee, M. (2000). Induction of hypochromic macrocytic anemia in Oreochromis hybrid (cichlidae) exposed to 100mg/l (sublethal dose) of aluminium. Sci. Technol. Res. J., 5: 9-20
Bhatkar, N. V. (2010). Chromium, nickel and zinc induced alterations in the gills of the fresh water fish Labeo rohita. J. Appl. & Nat. Sci., 2 (2): 234-238
Goodwin, T. H., Young, A. R., Holmes, M. G. R., Old, G. H., Hewitt, N., Leeks, G. J. L., Packman, J. C. and Smith, B. P. G. (2003). The temporal and spatial variability of sediment transport and yields within the Bradford Beck catchment, West Yorkshire. Sci. Total Environ., 314-316: 475–494
Haniffa, M. A. and Porchelvi, M. (1985). Effects of distillery effluents on oxygen consumption of freshwater fish, Sarotherodon mossambicus. J. Environ. Biol., 6: 17-23
Kori Siakpere, O., Ake, J. and Avworo, U. M. (2006). Sublethal effects of some selected haematological parameters of Heteroclarias (A hybrid of Heterobranchus bidorsalis and Clarias gariepinus). Int. J. Zool. Res., 2: 77-83
Kori-Siakpere, O. and Ubogu, E. O. (2008). Sublethal haematological effects of zinc on the freshwater fish, Heteroclarias sp. (Osteichthyes: Clariidae). African Journal of Biotechnology, 7 (12): 2068-2073
Larsson, A., Haux, C. and Sjobeck, M. (1985). Fish physiology and metal pollution. Result and experiences from laboratory and field studies. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf., 9: 250 -281
Mallesh, B., Pandey, P. K., Kumar, K., Vennila, A. and Kumar, S. (2015). Bioconcentration of hexavalent chromium in Cirrhinus mrigala (Ham 1822): effect on haematological parameters. Journal of Biology and Earth sciences, 5 (1): 59-67
Mazon, A.F., Cerqueira, C. and Fernandes, M.N. (2002). Gill cellular changes induced by copper exposure in the South American tropical fresh water fish Prochilodous scrofa. Environ. Res., 88: 52-63
Mishra, S., Sharma, D. and Melkania, V. (1988). Physico-chemical .characterstics of effluents from a textile mill at Ra.lnpur and their effect on fish mortality. IXth annual Session of and national symposium on Fish. Assess and Management of Acad.
Morrison, M.L., Block, W.M., Strickland, M.D. and Kendall, W.L. (2001). Wildlife Study Design. New York: Springer-Verlag.
Nadal, M., Schuhmacher, M. and Domingo, D.L. (2004). Metal pollution of soils and vegetation in an area with petrochemical industries. Sci. Total Environ., 321(1-3): 59-69
Odiete, W.O. (1999). Impacts associated with water pollution in Environmental Physiology of Animals and Pollution. Diversified Resources Ltd, Lagos 1st edition. 187-219
Pawar, C. D. (1988). Studies on fish and fisheries of river, Panchganga. M.Phil. dissertation, Shivaji University, KoIhapur (India).
Sahu, R. K., Katiyar, S., Yadav, A. K., Kumar, N. and Srivastava, J. (2008). Toxicity Assessment of Industrial Effluent by Bioassays Clean. Soil, Air, Water, 36:517-520
Shah, S.L. (2006). Haematological parameters in Tench, Tinca tinca after short term exposure to Lead. Journal of Applied Toxicology, 26 (3): 223-228
Shaheen, T. (2009). Studies on chromium toxicity in Cyprinus carpio brood stock progeny relationship. Ph.D Thesis, University of Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.
Singh, M.(1995). Haematological responses in a fresh water teleost, Channa punctatus to experimental copper and Cr poisoning, J. Environ. Biol., 16:339-341
Singh, S. R. and Singh, B. R. (1982). Effect of Copper and Zinc Sulphate on the blood parameters of Mystus vittatus. Matsya, 8: 1-6
Singh, Y., Kant, K., Sharma, H.B. and Rana, K.S. (2008). Bioaccumulation of cadmium in Tissues of Cirrihna mrigala and Catla catla. Asia. J. Exp. Sci., 22(3): 411-414
Sood, R. (1996). Haematology for Students and Practitioners Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd., New Delhi.
Sugasini, A. and Rajagopal, K.(2015). Characterization of Physicochemical Parameters and heavy metal Analysis of Tannery Effluent. Int. J. Curr. Microbiol. App., 4(9): 349-359
Tyagi, A. and Srivastava, N. (2005). Haematological response of fish Channa punctatus (Bloch) to chronic zinc exposure. J Environ. Biol., 26(2 Suppl):429-432
Wintrobe, M.M. (1957). Clinical Haematology. Lea and Febiger, USA.
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Tannery effluent effect on the haematological parameters of freshwater fish, Channa punctatus. (2017). Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 9(1), 201-205. https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v9i1.1173
