Waterlogged wasteland treatment through agro-forestry: A review
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Abstract
India covers 147.75 mha degraded area, whereas 6.41 mha area confined to waterlogging problem in Bihar, Maharashtra, Gujarat, Uttar Pradesh, Orissa, West Bengal, Punjab, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Haryana, Kerala, Rajasthan and few other states. The transpiration principle of plants is used in bio-drainage treatment to reclaim such problematic areas sustainably. Evergreen broad leaved species recorded high transpiration rate and contribute highly in reclamation of waterlogged saline soils. Short rotation fast growing tree species like Salix, Eucalypt, Acacia, Albizia, Terminalia, Prosopis, Populuswere the suitable species for such areas. Agri-silviculture, agri-horti- silviculture, silvi-pasture, multipurpose woodlots, strip plantation and boundary plantations were widely used for reclamation of saline-waterlogged conditions of India. In agri-silviculture system, Eucalypt based agroforestry systems are widely used for reclamation of waterlogged areas as compared to other woody plant based systems. 0.84–0.86 m total drawdown of ground water in 3 years Eucalypt tree species. The vertical and horizontal root spreading of tree species is one important character for capturing and transpiration of excess water from waterlogged area. From the present investigation, longest root system was recorded from Prosopis cineraria (20-60 m) species.
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Keywords
Eucalypt, Ground water table, Transpiration rate, Waterlogged area
References
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Anonymous, (1990). IRS-Utilisation Programme: Soil Erosion Mapping. Project Report National Remote Sensing Agency. Hyderabad, India.
Anonymous, (2009). Assessment of waterlogging and salt and/or alkaline affected soils in the commands of all major and medium irrigation projects in the country using satellite remote sensing. Regional Remote Sensing Service Centre, Indian Space Research Organisation. Jodhpur, New Delhi, 20.
Anonymous, (2009a). Phyto-technology Technical and Regulatory Guidance and Decision Trees, Revised. PHYTO-3. Washington, D.C., Interstate Technology & Regulatory Council, Phyto-technologies Team, Tech Reg Update. Washington, DC. 204.
Anonymous, (2010). Degraded and wastelands of India status and spatial distribution. Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Pusa, New Delhi. 155.
Anonymous, (2013). A Handbook of Landscape-A Guide. Central Public Works Department, New Delhi. 154.
Arunachalam, A., Balasubramanian, D., Arunachalam, K., Dagar, J.C. and Kumar, B.M. (2014). Wetland-based agroforestry systems: balancing between carbon sink and source. In: Dagar, J.C. (Eds.), Agro-forestry systems in India: livelihood security and ecosystem services, Springer India. 333–344.
Basavaraja, P.K., Sharma, S.D., Badrinath, M.S., Sridhara, S. and Hareesh, G.R. (2007). Prosopis juliflora-An efficient tree species for reclamation of salt affected soils. Karnataka Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 20:727–31.
Behera, L., Nayak, M.R., Patel, D., Mehta, A., Sinha, S.K. and Gunaga, R. (2015). Agroforestry practices for physiological amelioration of salt affected soils. Journal of Plant Stress Physiology, 1(1):13–18.
Biswas, A. and Biswas, A. (2014). Comprehensive approaches in rehabilitating salt affected soils: A review of Indian perspective. Open Transactions on Geosciences,1:13-24.
Chandel, R.S. and Sharma, B.L. (2011). Declining Himalayan bio-resources–a threat to farmer’s livelihood. In: Short rotation forestry and Agroforestry: an exchange of experience between CDM countries and Europe. Marchesi di Barolo, Barolo, Italy. 67–75.
Chaturvedi, S., Kaushal, R., Tewari, S. and Dhyani, V. C. (2011). Agroforestry: an integrated land management option for fragile ecosystem. Journal of Functional and Environmental Botany, 1(1):45-53.
Chaudhari, S.K., Dagar, J.C. and Toky, O.P. (2014). Bio-drainage: An eco-friendly tool for combating waterlogging. In: Chhonkar, P.K., Dureja, P. (Eds.), Research Education and Technology Policy Forum. NAAS News, 14 (1): 11–13.
Dagar, J. C., Singh, A. K., Singh, R. and Arunachalum, A. (2012). Climate change vis-a-vis Indian agriculture. Annals of Agricultural Research, 33(4):189–203.
Dagar, J. C., Singh, G. and Singh, N. T. (2001). Evaluation of forest and fruit trees used for rehabilitation of semiarid alkali soils in India. Arid land Research and Management, 15:115–33.
Dash, C.J., Sarangi, A., Singh, A.K. and Dahiya, S. (2005). Bio-drainage: an alternate drainage technique to control waterlogging and salinity. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 4(3&4):149–155.
Devaranavadgi, S.B., Sajjan, A.S., Wali, S.Y., Pawar, K.N. and Hunshal, C.S. (2005). Influence of chickpea based agri-silvicultural system on soil nutrients and its economic feasibility. Karnataka Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 18: 63–66.
Fanish, S. A. and Priya, R. S. (2013). Review on benefits of agro forestry system. International Journal of Education and Research, 1(1): 1–12.
Gafni, A. (1994). Biological drainage-rehabilitation option for saline-damaged lands. Water and Irrigation, 337:
33–36
Gallacher, D and Hill, J. (2005). Status of Prosopis cineraria (ghaf) tree clusters in the Dubai Desert Conservation Reserve. Tribulus, 15.2: 1-9
Heuperman, A. F. (1992). Trees in irrigation areas; the bio-pumping concept. Trees and Natural Resources, 34:20–25
Heuperman, A.F. and Kapoor, A.S. (2003). Bio-drainage Status in India and Other Countries. Indian National Committee on Irrigation and Drainage. New Delhi Pp. 1-47
Heuperman, A. F., Kapoor, A. S. and Denecke, H.W. (2002). Bio-drainage: Principles, Experiences and Applications. Knowledge Synthesis Report 6, International Programme for Technology and Research in Irrigation and Drainage (IPTRID), FAO, Rome Pp. 1–79
Kapoor, A.S. and Denecke, H.W. (2001). Bio-drainage and Bio-disposal: The Rajasthan Experience. In GRID, IPTRID’s network magazine. 17
Kumar, S., Gupta, G. R., Kumar, M., Vishwakarma, S. K. and Pal, M. (2012). Influence of willow plantation on wheat under waterlogged soil of Uttar Pradesh. In: Improving Lives with Poplars and Willows. 24th Session of the International Poplar Commission, jointly hosted by FAO and the Indian Council for Forestry Research and Education (ICFRE), Dehradun, India. 183
Nath, A.J. and Das, A.K. (2012). Carbon pool and sequestration potential of village bamboos in the agro-forestry system of northeast India. Tropical Ecology, 53(3):287-293
Pagare, R.L., Pawar, K. and Nirgude, V. (2014). Evapo-transpiration and transpiration rate of some tropical tree species. International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences, 1(2): 1–2
Pandey, D.S., Singh, S.P. and Singh, G. (2015). Underprivileged agriculture: retrospection and future prospects. In: Pandey, G.B. (Eds.), Compendium of Lectures on Management of Underprivileged Agriculture. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar. 311p.
Pawar, G.V., Singh, L., Sarvade, S. and Lal, C. (2014). Litter production and soil physico-chemical properties influenced by different degraded sites of Tropical Deciduous Forest, Chhattisgarh, India. The Ecoscan, 8(3&4): 349-352
Prasath, C. N. H., Balasubramanian, A., Radhakrishnan, S., Sudarshan, A. and Jaisankar, I. (2014). Eco-physilogical behaviour of 2 year grown afforested tree in Tamil Nadu, South India. Journal of the Andaman Science Association, 19(2):181–184
Ram, J., Dagar, J.C., Lal, K., Singh, G., Toky, O.P., Tanwar, V.S., Dar, S.R. and Chauhan, M.K. (2011). Bio-drainage to combat waterlogging, increase farm productivity and sequester carbon in canal command areas of northwest India. Current Science, 100(11): 1673–1680
Ram, J., Dagar, J.C., Singh, G., Lal, K., Tanwar, V. S., Shoeran, S. S., Kaledhonkar, M. J., Dar, S .R. and Kumar, M. (2008). Bio-drainage: eco-friendly technique for combating waterlogging and salinity. Technical Bulletin: CSSRI/Karnal/9/2008, Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal, India, 24p.
Ram, J., Garg, V.K., Toky, O.P., Minhas, P. S., Tomar, O. S., Dagar, J. C. and Kamra, S. K. (2007). Bio-drainage potential of Eucalyptus tereticornis for reclamation of shallow water table areas in North-west India. Agroforestry Systems, 69: 147–165
Sarala, T.D. and Maheswari, J. (2012). Phytomonitoring of atmospheric pollution in a dry tropical environment using perennial trees. Asian Journal of Science and Technology, 4(12): 11-16
Sarvade, S., Singh, R., Ghumare, V., Kachawaya, D. S. and Khachi, B. (2014a). Agroforestry: An approach for food security. Indian Journal of Ecology, 41(1): 95–98
Sarvade, S., Mishra, H. S., Kaushal, R., Chaturvedi, S. and Tewari, S. (2014b). Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) yield and soil properties as influenced by different agri-silviculture systems of Terai region, Northern India. International Journal of Bio-resource and Stress Management, 5(3): 350–355
Sarvade, S., Singh, R., Prasad, H. and Prasad, D. (2014c). Agroforestry Practices for improving soil nutrient status. Popular Kheti, 2(1): 60-64.
Sehgal, J. and Abrol, I.P. (1994). Soil degradation in India: status and impact; Oxford and IBH: New Delhi, India. 80p.
Shakya, S.K. and Singh, J.P. (2010). New drainage technologies for salt affected waterlogged areas of southwest Punjab, India. Current Science, 99(2): 204–212
Sharma, R. P. (2012). Modelling dry matter allocation within Alnus nepalensis D. Don trees in Nepal. International Journal of Biodiversity and Conservation, 4(2): 47–53
Singh, G. (2011). Agroforestry models for rehabilitation of sodic soils. In: Production Technology and Management of Agroforestry Models. Udaipur: Agrotech Publishing Academy Pp. 27–34
Singh, G., Bhati, M., Rathod, T. R. and Tomar, U.K. (2014). Physiological responses to nutrient accumulation in trees seedlings irrigated with municipal effluent in Indian desert. Physiology Journal, 2014: 1–15
Singh, G., Singh, N.T., Dagar, J.C., Singh, H. and Sharma, V.P. (1997). An evaluation of agriculture, forestry and agroforestry practices in a moderately alkali soil in North-western India. Agroforestry Systems, 37:279–295.
Singh, S. K., Singh, R., Kumar, S., Narjary, B., Kamra, S. K. and Sharma, D.K. (2014). Productive utilization of sodic water for aquaculture-led integrated farming system: a case study. Journal of Soil Salinity and Water Quality, 6(1): 28–35
Singh, V. S. and Pandey, D. N. (2011). Multifunctional agroforestry systems in India: science-based policy options. Climate Change and CDM Cell, Rajasthan State Pollution Control Board, Jaipur. 23p.
Singh, Y.P., Sharma, D.K., Singh, G., Nayak, A.K., Mishra, V.K. and Singh, R. (2008). Alternate land use management for sodic soils. Uttar Pradesh: Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Regional Research Station, Lucknow. 16 p.
Singh, Y. P., Singh, G. and Sharma, D. K. (2014). Bio-amelioration of alkali soils through agroforestry systems in central Indo-Gangetic plains of India. Journal of Forest Research, 25: 887–96
Toky, O.P., Angrish, R., Datta, K.S., Arora, V., Rani, C., Vasudevan, P. and Harris, P.J.C. (2011). Biodrainage for preventing waterlogging and concomitant wood yield in arid agro-ecosystems in North-western India. Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research, 70: 639–644
Toky, O.P. and Bisht, P. (1992). Observations on the rooting patterns of some agro forestry trees in an arid region of North-western India. Agroforestry systems, 18: 249–261.
Tomar, O.S., Minhas, P.S., Sharma, V.K., Singh, Y.P. and Gupta, R.K. (2003). Performance of 31 tree species and soil conditions in plantation established with saline irrigation. Forest Ecology and Management, 177: 333–346
Wicke, B., Smeets, E.M.W., Akanda, R., Stille, L., Singh, R.K., Awan, A.R., Mahmood, K. and Faaija, A.P.C. (2013). Biomass production in agroforestry and forestry systems on salt-affected soils in South Asia: Exploration of the GHG balance and economic performance of three case studies. Journal of Environmental Management, 127:324–334
Anonymous, (1990). IRS-Utilisation Programme: Soil Erosion Mapping. Project Report National Remote Sensing Agency. Hyderabad, India.
Anonymous, (2009). Assessment of waterlogging and salt and/or alkaline affected soils in the commands of all major and medium irrigation projects in the country using satellite remote sensing. Regional Remote Sensing Service Centre, Indian Space Research Organisation. Jodhpur, New Delhi, 20.
Anonymous, (2009a). Phyto-technology Technical and Regulatory Guidance and Decision Trees, Revised. PHYTO-3. Washington, D.C., Interstate Technology & Regulatory Council, Phyto-technologies Team, Tech Reg Update. Washington, DC. 204.
Anonymous, (2010). Degraded and wastelands of India status and spatial distribution. Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Pusa, New Delhi. 155.
Anonymous, (2013). A Handbook of Landscape-A Guide. Central Public Works Department, New Delhi. 154.
Arunachalam, A., Balasubramanian, D., Arunachalam, K., Dagar, J.C. and Kumar, B.M. (2014). Wetland-based agroforestry systems: balancing between carbon sink and source. In: Dagar, J.C. (Eds.), Agro-forestry systems in India: livelihood security and ecosystem services, Springer India. 333–344.
Basavaraja, P.K., Sharma, S.D., Badrinath, M.S., Sridhara, S. and Hareesh, G.R. (2007). Prosopis juliflora-An efficient tree species for reclamation of salt affected soils. Karnataka Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 20:727–31.
Behera, L., Nayak, M.R., Patel, D., Mehta, A., Sinha, S.K. and Gunaga, R. (2015). Agroforestry practices for physiological amelioration of salt affected soils. Journal of Plant Stress Physiology, 1(1):13–18.
Biswas, A. and Biswas, A. (2014). Comprehensive approaches in rehabilitating salt affected soils: A review of Indian perspective. Open Transactions on Geosciences,1:13-24.
Chandel, R.S. and Sharma, B.L. (2011). Declining Himalayan bio-resources–a threat to farmer’s livelihood. In: Short rotation forestry and Agroforestry: an exchange of experience between CDM countries and Europe. Marchesi di Barolo, Barolo, Italy. 67–75.
Chaturvedi, S., Kaushal, R., Tewari, S. and Dhyani, V. C. (2011). Agroforestry: an integrated land management option for fragile ecosystem. Journal of Functional and Environmental Botany, 1(1):45-53.
Chaudhari, S.K., Dagar, J.C. and Toky, O.P. (2014). Bio-drainage: An eco-friendly tool for combating waterlogging. In: Chhonkar, P.K., Dureja, P. (Eds.), Research Education and Technology Policy Forum. NAAS News, 14 (1): 11–13.
Dagar, J. C., Singh, A. K., Singh, R. and Arunachalum, A. (2012). Climate change vis-a-vis Indian agriculture. Annals of Agricultural Research, 33(4):189–203.
Dagar, J. C., Singh, G. and Singh, N. T. (2001). Evaluation of forest and fruit trees used for rehabilitation of semiarid alkali soils in India. Arid land Research and Management, 15:115–33.
Dash, C.J., Sarangi, A., Singh, A.K. and Dahiya, S. (2005). Bio-drainage: an alternate drainage technique to control waterlogging and salinity. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 4(3&4):149–155.
Devaranavadgi, S.B., Sajjan, A.S., Wali, S.Y., Pawar, K.N. and Hunshal, C.S. (2005). Influence of chickpea based agri-silvicultural system on soil nutrients and its economic feasibility. Karnataka Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 18: 63–66.
Fanish, S. A. and Priya, R. S. (2013). Review on benefits of agro forestry system. International Journal of Education and Research, 1(1): 1–12.
Gafni, A. (1994). Biological drainage-rehabilitation option for saline-damaged lands. Water and Irrigation, 337:
33–36
Gallacher, D and Hill, J. (2005). Status of Prosopis cineraria (ghaf) tree clusters in the Dubai Desert Conservation Reserve. Tribulus, 15.2: 1-9
Heuperman, A. F. (1992). Trees in irrigation areas; the bio-pumping concept. Trees and Natural Resources, 34:20–25
Heuperman, A.F. and Kapoor, A.S. (2003). Bio-drainage Status in India and Other Countries. Indian National Committee on Irrigation and Drainage. New Delhi Pp. 1-47
Heuperman, A. F., Kapoor, A. S. and Denecke, H.W. (2002). Bio-drainage: Principles, Experiences and Applications. Knowledge Synthesis Report 6, International Programme for Technology and Research in Irrigation and Drainage (IPTRID), FAO, Rome Pp. 1–79
Kapoor, A.S. and Denecke, H.W. (2001). Bio-drainage and Bio-disposal: The Rajasthan Experience. In GRID, IPTRID’s network magazine. 17
Kumar, S., Gupta, G. R., Kumar, M., Vishwakarma, S. K. and Pal, M. (2012). Influence of willow plantation on wheat under waterlogged soil of Uttar Pradesh. In: Improving Lives with Poplars and Willows. 24th Session of the International Poplar Commission, jointly hosted by FAO and the Indian Council for Forestry Research and Education (ICFRE), Dehradun, India. 183
Nath, A.J. and Das, A.K. (2012). Carbon pool and sequestration potential of village bamboos in the agro-forestry system of northeast India. Tropical Ecology, 53(3):287-293
Pagare, R.L., Pawar, K. and Nirgude, V. (2014). Evapo-transpiration and transpiration rate of some tropical tree species. International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences, 1(2): 1–2
Pandey, D.S., Singh, S.P. and Singh, G. (2015). Underprivileged agriculture: retrospection and future prospects. In: Pandey, G.B. (Eds.), Compendium of Lectures on Management of Underprivileged Agriculture. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar. 311p.
Pawar, G.V., Singh, L., Sarvade, S. and Lal, C. (2014). Litter production and soil physico-chemical properties influenced by different degraded sites of Tropical Deciduous Forest, Chhattisgarh, India. The Ecoscan, 8(3&4): 349-352
Prasath, C. N. H., Balasubramanian, A., Radhakrishnan, S., Sudarshan, A. and Jaisankar, I. (2014). Eco-physilogical behaviour of 2 year grown afforested tree in Tamil Nadu, South India. Journal of the Andaman Science Association, 19(2):181–184
Ram, J., Dagar, J.C., Lal, K., Singh, G., Toky, O.P., Tanwar, V.S., Dar, S.R. and Chauhan, M.K. (2011). Bio-drainage to combat waterlogging, increase farm productivity and sequester carbon in canal command areas of northwest India. Current Science, 100(11): 1673–1680
Ram, J., Dagar, J.C., Singh, G., Lal, K., Tanwar, V. S., Shoeran, S. S., Kaledhonkar, M. J., Dar, S .R. and Kumar, M. (2008). Bio-drainage: eco-friendly technique for combating waterlogging and salinity. Technical Bulletin: CSSRI/Karnal/9/2008, Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal, India, 24p.
Ram, J., Garg, V.K., Toky, O.P., Minhas, P. S., Tomar, O. S., Dagar, J. C. and Kamra, S. K. (2007). Bio-drainage potential of Eucalyptus tereticornis for reclamation of shallow water table areas in North-west India. Agroforestry Systems, 69: 147–165
Sarala, T.D. and Maheswari, J. (2012). Phytomonitoring of atmospheric pollution in a dry tropical environment using perennial trees. Asian Journal of Science and Technology, 4(12): 11-16
Sarvade, S., Singh, R., Ghumare, V., Kachawaya, D. S. and Khachi, B. (2014a). Agroforestry: An approach for food security. Indian Journal of Ecology, 41(1): 95–98
Sarvade, S., Mishra, H. S., Kaushal, R., Chaturvedi, S. and Tewari, S. (2014b). Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) yield and soil properties as influenced by different agri-silviculture systems of Terai region, Northern India. International Journal of Bio-resource and Stress Management, 5(3): 350–355
Sarvade, S., Singh, R., Prasad, H. and Prasad, D. (2014c). Agroforestry Practices for improving soil nutrient status. Popular Kheti, 2(1): 60-64.
Sehgal, J. and Abrol, I.P. (1994). Soil degradation in India: status and impact; Oxford and IBH: New Delhi, India. 80p.
Shakya, S.K. and Singh, J.P. (2010). New drainage technologies for salt affected waterlogged areas of southwest Punjab, India. Current Science, 99(2): 204–212
Sharma, R. P. (2012). Modelling dry matter allocation within Alnus nepalensis D. Don trees in Nepal. International Journal of Biodiversity and Conservation, 4(2): 47–53
Singh, G. (2011). Agroforestry models for rehabilitation of sodic soils. In: Production Technology and Management of Agroforestry Models. Udaipur: Agrotech Publishing Academy Pp. 27–34
Singh, G., Bhati, M., Rathod, T. R. and Tomar, U.K. (2014). Physiological responses to nutrient accumulation in trees seedlings irrigated with municipal effluent in Indian desert. Physiology Journal, 2014: 1–15
Singh, G., Singh, N.T., Dagar, J.C., Singh, H. and Sharma, V.P. (1997). An evaluation of agriculture, forestry and agroforestry practices in a moderately alkali soil in North-western India. Agroforestry Systems, 37:279–295.
Singh, S. K., Singh, R., Kumar, S., Narjary, B., Kamra, S. K. and Sharma, D.K. (2014). Productive utilization of sodic water for aquaculture-led integrated farming system: a case study. Journal of Soil Salinity and Water Quality, 6(1): 28–35
Singh, V. S. and Pandey, D. N. (2011). Multifunctional agroforestry systems in India: science-based policy options. Climate Change and CDM Cell, Rajasthan State Pollution Control Board, Jaipur. 23p.
Singh, Y.P., Sharma, D.K., Singh, G., Nayak, A.K., Mishra, V.K. and Singh, R. (2008). Alternate land use management for sodic soils. Uttar Pradesh: Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Regional Research Station, Lucknow. 16 p.
Singh, Y. P., Singh, G. and Sharma, D. K. (2014). Bio-amelioration of alkali soils through agroforestry systems in central Indo-Gangetic plains of India. Journal of Forest Research, 25: 887–96
Toky, O.P., Angrish, R., Datta, K.S., Arora, V., Rani, C., Vasudevan, P. and Harris, P.J.C. (2011). Biodrainage for preventing waterlogging and concomitant wood yield in arid agro-ecosystems in North-western India. Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research, 70: 639–644
Toky, O.P. and Bisht, P. (1992). Observations on the rooting patterns of some agro forestry trees in an arid region of North-western India. Agroforestry systems, 18: 249–261.
Tomar, O.S., Minhas, P.S., Sharma, V.K., Singh, Y.P. and Gupta, R.K. (2003). Performance of 31 tree species and soil conditions in plantation established with saline irrigation. Forest Ecology and Management, 177: 333–346
Wicke, B., Smeets, E.M.W., Akanda, R., Stille, L., Singh, R.K., Awan, A.R., Mahmood, K. and Faaija, A.P.C. (2013). Biomass production in agroforestry and forestry systems on salt-affected soils in South Asia: Exploration of the GHG balance and economic performance of three case studies. Journal of Environmental Management, 127:324–334
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Waterlogged wasteland treatment through agro-forestry: A review. (2017). Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 9(1), 44-50. https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v9i1.1147
