Influence of pre-harvest application of gibberellin and brassinosteroid on fruit growth and quality characteristics of pear (Pyrus pyrifolia (Burm.) Nakai) cv. Gola
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Abstract
Quality of fruit crop is an important parameter to decide the acceptability of the product. The present study consists of seventeen year old pear (Pyrus pyrifolia (Burm.) Nakai) trees subjected to seven treatments viz., GA3 (50 ppm,100 ppm), BR (0.5 ppm, 1.0 ppm), and GA3 + BR (50 ppm + 0.5 ppm and 100 ppm + 1 ppm) and water as control, sprayed thrice at 15 days intervals starting from petal fall stage. Each treatment was replicated thrice with one tree served as a treatment unit. The experiment was conducted in Randomized Block Design. The fruits treated with GA3 @ 50 ppm (T1) showed the highest fruit length (6.98 cm), breadth (6.81 cm), weight (175.9 g) and volume (171.16 cc). An improvement in terms of fruit quality was observed either alone or in combined application of GA3 and BR. The application of BR @ 1 ppm (T4) recorded the highest TSS (12.91°Brix) and lowest titrable acidity (0.42%) while the highest ascorbic acid content (6.95 mg / 100 g) and non reducing sugar (0.44%) was estimated under GA3 @ 100 ppm + BR @ 1 ppm (T6). Total sugar (7.88%) and reducing sugar (7.45%) was observed highest in GA3 @ 50 ppm + BR @ 0.5 ppm (T5). Based on this research combined application of GA3 + BR had a positive effect and therefore can be recommended for spray on pear in order to obtain higher yield and better quality.
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Keywords
Brassinosteroids, Gibberellin, Pear, Physio-biochemical, Quality characteristics
References
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Anonymous (2014). Indian horticulture database. National Horticulture Board, Gurgaon, Haryana.
Abu-Zahra, T.R. (2010). Berry size of Thompson seedless as influenced by the application of gibberellic acid and cane girdling. Pak. J. of Bot., 42: 1755-1760
Antognozzi, E., A. Battistelli, F. Famiani, S. Moscatello, F. Stanica and A. Tombesi, (1993). Influence of CPPU on carbohydrate accumulation and metabolism in fruits of Actinidia deliciosa (A. Chev.). Sci. Hort., 65(1): 37-47
AOAC (1980). Official methods of Analysis. 13th edition. Association of Official Analytical Chemist, Washington,
Banday, F.A., Sofi, S.A. and Hafiza, A. (2005). Effect of growth regulators on physico-chemical characters and yield attributes of strawberry. App. Biological Res., 7(1/2): 27-30
Bhat, Z.A., Srihari, D. and Reddy, Y.N. (2004). Effect of BR's and CPPU along with BA on number of leaves, leaf area and leaf dry matter in grape cv. Flame Seed-less. Annals of Agri. Bio. Research, 9(1): 25-28
Canli, F.A. and Orhan, H. (2009). Effects of pre-harvest gibberellic acid applicationson fruit quality of ‘0900 Ziraat’ sweet cherry. HortTechnol., 19: 127-129
Champa, W.A.H., Gill, M.I.S., Mahajan, B.V.C. and Arora, N.K. (2014). Pre-harvest treatments of brassinosteroids on improving quality of table grapes (Vitis vinifera) cv. Flame seedless. Intl J. of Agric. Sci. and Vet. Medicine, 1(2): 96-104
Choi, C., Wiersma, P., Toivonen, A.P. and Kappel, F. (2002). Fruit growth, firmness and cell wall hydrolytic enzyme activity during development of sweet cherry fruit treated with gibberellic acid (GA3). J. of Hort. Sci. and Biotechnol.,77(5): 615-621
Dussi. M.C. (2011). Sustainable use of plant bioregulators in pear production., Acta Hort., 909: 353-368
El-Sese, A.M.A. (2005). Effect of gibberellic acid (GA3) on yield and fruit characteristics of Balady mandarin. Assiut Journal of Agricultural Sciences. 36(1): 23-35
El-Sharkawy, S.H.M.M. and Mehaisen, S.M.A. (2005). Effect of gibberellin and potassium foliage sprays on productivity and fruit quality of guava trees. Egyptian J. of Basic and App. Sci., 20(3): 151-162
FAOSTAT (2013). FAO Statistical Yearbook. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy.
Gomez, M.M.A., Campostrini, E., Leal, N.R., Viana, A.P., Ferraz, T.M., Siqueira, N.D., Rosa, R.C.C., Netto, A. T., Nunez-Vazquez, M. and Zullo, M.A.T. (2006). Brassinosteroid analogue effects on the yield of yellow passion fruit plants (Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa). Scientia Horticulturae, 110(3): 235-240
Gregory, L.E. and Mandava, N.B. (1982). The activity and interaction of brassinolide and gibberellic acid in mung bean epicotyls. Plant Physiology, 54: 239-43
Hong Bo, L., Wang, J., Chen, Y. and Run Tang, L. (2013). Effects of brassinolide on fruit growth and quality of pitaya. J. of Southern Agriculture, 44(7): 1150-1153
Khassawneh, N.M.A., Karam, N.S. and Shibli, R.A. (2006). Growth and flowering of black iris (Iris nigricans Dinsm.) following treatment with plant growth regulators. Scientia Horticulturae, 107(2): 187-193
Mostafa, E.A.M., Saleh, M.M. and Abd El-Migeed, M.M. M. (2001). Improving Le Cont pear trees productivity by spraying, GA3 and sucrose. Arab University J. of Agriculture Sciences, 9(1): 373-385
Muniz, J., Kretzschmar, A.A., Rufato L., Luz, A.R., Hipólito, J.S., Silveira, F.N and Sander, G. (2015). The use of PGR and fertiliser on the 'rocha' pear to increase the productivity. Acta Hort., 1094: 367-372.
NHB (2014). Indian Horticulture Database. National Horti-culture Board, Gurgaon, Haryana.
Padashetti, B.S., Angadi, S.G. and Pattepur, S. (2010). Effect of pre-harvest spray of growth regulators on growth, quality and yield of seedless grape genotypes. The Asian J. of Horticulture, 5(1): 218-221
Panse, V.G. and Sukhatme, P.V. (1985). Statistical methods foragricultural workers.4th ed. ICAR, New Delhi.
Pharis, R.P. and King, R.W. (1995). Gibberellic and reproductive development in seed plants. Ann. Rev. Plant Physiology, 36: 517-568
Ranganna, S. (1986). Handbook of analysis and quality control for fruits and vegetable products. 2nd Edition. TATA MC Graw Hill Publishing Company Limited. New Delhi. 122 pp.
Richard, M. (2006). How to grow big peaches. Report presented at Department of Horticulture, Virginia Tech. Blacksburg, 8pp.
Roghabadi, M.A. and Pakkish, Z. (2014). Role of brassinoster-oid on yield, fruit quality and postharvest storage of ‘Tak Danehe Mashhad’ sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.). Agricultural Communications, 2(4): 49-56
Sachs, R.M. and Weaver, R.L. (1968). Gibberellin and auxin induced berry elongation in (Vitis vinifera L.). J. of Horti-culture Sciences, 43: 185-195
Saraswathi, T., Rangasamy, P., Azhakiamanavalan, R.S. (2003). Effect of preharvest spray of growth regulators on fruit retention and quality of mandarins (Citrus reticulata Balanco). South Indian Horticulture, 51: 110-112
Sayed, R.A., Solaiman, B.M. and Abo-El Komsan, E.O. (2004). Effect of foliar sprays of some 3 mineral nutrients, GA3 and or bio-stimulant on yield and fruit quality of Valencia orange trees grown in sandy soil. Egyptian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 19: 222-238
Singh, S., Singh, I.S. and Singh, D.N. (1993). Physicochemical changes during development of seedless grapes (Vitis vinifera L.). Orissa J. of Horticulture, 21: 43-46
Stern, R.A. and Gazit, S. (2003). The reproductive biology of the litchi. Horticultural Reviews, 28: 393-453
Symons, G.M., Davies, C., Shavrukov, Y., Dry, I.B., Reid, J. B. and Thomas, M.R. (2006). Grapes on steroids. Brassinosteroid are involved in grape berry ripening. Plant Physiology, 140(1): 150-158 Tambe, T.B. (2002). Effects of gibberellic acid in combination with brassinosteroid on berry size, yield and quality of Thompson Seedless grape. J. of Maharashtra Agriculture University, 27(2): 151-153
Tuan, N.M. and Ruey, Y.C. (2013). Effect of gibberellic acid and 2,4- Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid on fruit development and fruit quality of wax apple. International J. of Biology Food, Veterinary and Agriculture Engineering, 7(1): 28-36
Velu, V. (2001). Studies on bud load and certain crop thinning practices on vigour, yield and quality of grapes (Vitis vinifera L.) cv. Muscat. Thesis, M.Sc. TNAU, Coimbatore. 88p.
Wanyama, D.O., Wamocha, L.S., Ngamau, K. and Ssonkko, R.N. (2006). Effect of gibbrellic acid on growth and fruit yield of greenhouse grown cape gooseberry. African Crop. Science J., 14(4): 319-323
Zhang, Y.P., Zhu, X.H., Ding, H.D., Yang, S.J. and Chen, Y. Y. (2013). Foliar application of 24-epibrassinolide alleviates high-temperature induced inhibition of photosyn-thesis in seedlings of two melon cultivars. Photosynthetica, 51(3): 341-349
Anonymous (2014). Indian horticulture database. National Horticulture Board, Gurgaon, Haryana.
Abu-Zahra, T.R. (2010). Berry size of Thompson seedless as influenced by the application of gibberellic acid and cane girdling. Pak. J. of Bot., 42: 1755-1760
Antognozzi, E., A. Battistelli, F. Famiani, S. Moscatello, F. Stanica and A. Tombesi, (1993). Influence of CPPU on carbohydrate accumulation and metabolism in fruits of Actinidia deliciosa (A. Chev.). Sci. Hort., 65(1): 37-47
AOAC (1980). Official methods of Analysis. 13th edition. Association of Official Analytical Chemist, Washington,
Banday, F.A., Sofi, S.A. and Hafiza, A. (2005). Effect of growth regulators on physico-chemical characters and yield attributes of strawberry. App. Biological Res., 7(1/2): 27-30
Bhat, Z.A., Srihari, D. and Reddy, Y.N. (2004). Effect of BR's and CPPU along with BA on number of leaves, leaf area and leaf dry matter in grape cv. Flame Seed-less. Annals of Agri. Bio. Research, 9(1): 25-28
Canli, F.A. and Orhan, H. (2009). Effects of pre-harvest gibberellic acid applicationson fruit quality of ‘0900 Ziraat’ sweet cherry. HortTechnol., 19: 127-129
Champa, W.A.H., Gill, M.I.S., Mahajan, B.V.C. and Arora, N.K. (2014). Pre-harvest treatments of brassinosteroids on improving quality of table grapes (Vitis vinifera) cv. Flame seedless. Intl J. of Agric. Sci. and Vet. Medicine, 1(2): 96-104
Choi, C., Wiersma, P., Toivonen, A.P. and Kappel, F. (2002). Fruit growth, firmness and cell wall hydrolytic enzyme activity during development of sweet cherry fruit treated with gibberellic acid (GA3). J. of Hort. Sci. and Biotechnol.,77(5): 615-621
Dussi. M.C. (2011). Sustainable use of plant bioregulators in pear production., Acta Hort., 909: 353-368
El-Sese, A.M.A. (2005). Effect of gibberellic acid (GA3) on yield and fruit characteristics of Balady mandarin. Assiut Journal of Agricultural Sciences. 36(1): 23-35
El-Sharkawy, S.H.M.M. and Mehaisen, S.M.A. (2005). Effect of gibberellin and potassium foliage sprays on productivity and fruit quality of guava trees. Egyptian J. of Basic and App. Sci., 20(3): 151-162
FAOSTAT (2013). FAO Statistical Yearbook. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy.
Gomez, M.M.A., Campostrini, E., Leal, N.R., Viana, A.P., Ferraz, T.M., Siqueira, N.D., Rosa, R.C.C., Netto, A. T., Nunez-Vazquez, M. and Zullo, M.A.T. (2006). Brassinosteroid analogue effects on the yield of yellow passion fruit plants (Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa). Scientia Horticulturae, 110(3): 235-240
Gregory, L.E. and Mandava, N.B. (1982). The activity and interaction of brassinolide and gibberellic acid in mung bean epicotyls. Plant Physiology, 54: 239-43
Hong Bo, L., Wang, J., Chen, Y. and Run Tang, L. (2013). Effects of brassinolide on fruit growth and quality of pitaya. J. of Southern Agriculture, 44(7): 1150-1153
Khassawneh, N.M.A., Karam, N.S. and Shibli, R.A. (2006). Growth and flowering of black iris (Iris nigricans Dinsm.) following treatment with plant growth regulators. Scientia Horticulturae, 107(2): 187-193
Mostafa, E.A.M., Saleh, M.M. and Abd El-Migeed, M.M. M. (2001). Improving Le Cont pear trees productivity by spraying, GA3 and sucrose. Arab University J. of Agriculture Sciences, 9(1): 373-385
Muniz, J., Kretzschmar, A.A., Rufato L., Luz, A.R., Hipólito, J.S., Silveira, F.N and Sander, G. (2015). The use of PGR and fertiliser on the 'rocha' pear to increase the productivity. Acta Hort., 1094: 367-372.
NHB (2014). Indian Horticulture Database. National Horti-culture Board, Gurgaon, Haryana.
Padashetti, B.S., Angadi, S.G. and Pattepur, S. (2010). Effect of pre-harvest spray of growth regulators on growth, quality and yield of seedless grape genotypes. The Asian J. of Horticulture, 5(1): 218-221
Panse, V.G. and Sukhatme, P.V. (1985). Statistical methods foragricultural workers.4th ed. ICAR, New Delhi.
Pharis, R.P. and King, R.W. (1995). Gibberellic and reproductive development in seed plants. Ann. Rev. Plant Physiology, 36: 517-568
Ranganna, S. (1986). Handbook of analysis and quality control for fruits and vegetable products. 2nd Edition. TATA MC Graw Hill Publishing Company Limited. New Delhi. 122 pp.
Richard, M. (2006). How to grow big peaches. Report presented at Department of Horticulture, Virginia Tech. Blacksburg, 8pp.
Roghabadi, M.A. and Pakkish, Z. (2014). Role of brassinoster-oid on yield, fruit quality and postharvest storage of ‘Tak Danehe Mashhad’ sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.). Agricultural Communications, 2(4): 49-56
Sachs, R.M. and Weaver, R.L. (1968). Gibberellin and auxin induced berry elongation in (Vitis vinifera L.). J. of Horti-culture Sciences, 43: 185-195
Saraswathi, T., Rangasamy, P., Azhakiamanavalan, R.S. (2003). Effect of preharvest spray of growth regulators on fruit retention and quality of mandarins (Citrus reticulata Balanco). South Indian Horticulture, 51: 110-112
Sayed, R.A., Solaiman, B.M. and Abo-El Komsan, E.O. (2004). Effect of foliar sprays of some 3 mineral nutrients, GA3 and or bio-stimulant on yield and fruit quality of Valencia orange trees grown in sandy soil. Egyptian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 19: 222-238
Singh, S., Singh, I.S. and Singh, D.N. (1993). Physicochemical changes during development of seedless grapes (Vitis vinifera L.). Orissa J. of Horticulture, 21: 43-46
Stern, R.A. and Gazit, S. (2003). The reproductive biology of the litchi. Horticultural Reviews, 28: 393-453
Symons, G.M., Davies, C., Shavrukov, Y., Dry, I.B., Reid, J. B. and Thomas, M.R. (2006). Grapes on steroids. Brassinosteroid are involved in grape berry ripening. Plant Physiology, 140(1): 150-158 Tambe, T.B. (2002). Effects of gibberellic acid in combination with brassinosteroid on berry size, yield and quality of Thompson Seedless grape. J. of Maharashtra Agriculture University, 27(2): 151-153
Tuan, N.M. and Ruey, Y.C. (2013). Effect of gibberellic acid and 2,4- Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid on fruit development and fruit quality of wax apple. International J. of Biology Food, Veterinary and Agriculture Engineering, 7(1): 28-36
Velu, V. (2001). Studies on bud load and certain crop thinning practices on vigour, yield and quality of grapes (Vitis vinifera L.) cv. Muscat. Thesis, M.Sc. TNAU, Coimbatore. 88p.
Wanyama, D.O., Wamocha, L.S., Ngamau, K. and Ssonkko, R.N. (2006). Effect of gibbrellic acid on growth and fruit yield of greenhouse grown cape gooseberry. African Crop. Science J., 14(4): 319-323
Zhang, Y.P., Zhu, X.H., Ding, H.D., Yang, S.J. and Chen, Y. Y. (2013). Foliar application of 24-epibrassinolide alleviates high-temperature induced inhibition of photosyn-thesis in seedlings of two melon cultivars. Photosynthetica, 51(3): 341-349
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Influence of pre-harvest application of gibberellin and brassinosteroid on fruit growth and quality characteristics of pear (Pyrus pyrifolia (Burm.) Nakai) cv. Gola. (2016). Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 8(4), 2305-2310. https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v8i4.1130
