Morphological and Biochemical Analysis of Cicer arietinum L. under Paper Industrial Effluent Stress conditions
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Abstract
To study the effect of paper industrial effluent on chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) along with different concentration (10%, 20% 40%, 60% 80% and 100%) and pure tape water as a control to compare the effect of paper industrial effluent for 7 days. Physico-chemical characteristics of paper effluent were analyzed in terms of pH, colour, order temperature, DO, BOD, COD, Total hardness, carbonated hardness. All the parameters were found to be higher than the WHO prescribed discharge limits for effluent. The amount of carbohydrate, protein and reducing sugar were comparable with control, their amount were increased at 40% in effluent treated seeds. The chlorophyll content was increased simultaneously with effluent concentration. From this study it is clear that the industrial effluent rich in organic matter and plant nutrients are finding their use in agriculture as cheaper way of disposal.
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Keywords
Paper industrial effluent, Physico-chemical characteristics, C. arietinum
References
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APHA, AWWA and WPCF, (1992). Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater 16 th eds. American Public Health Assoc., Washington, D.C.
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Bamniya, B.R., Kapasya, V. and Kapoor, C.S. (2010). Physi-ological and biochemical studies on the effect of waste water on selected crop plants. Biological Forum-An International Journal, Vol. 2(2): 1-3
Baskaran, L., Sundaramoorthy, P., Chidambaram A.L.A. and Sankar Ganesh, K. (2009). Growth and physiological activity of greengram (Vigna radiata L.) Under Effluent Stress. Botany Research International, 2(2): 107-114
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Chandrasekar, W., Subramani, A. and Saravanan, S. (1998). Growth and physiological activity of green gram under effluent stress. J. Ind. Poll. Cont., 14-73
Carpenter, J.H. (1965). The chesapeake bay institute. tech-nique for the Winkler oxygen method. Limnol. Ocean-ogr., 10: 141-143
Dutta, S.K. and Boissya, C.L. (1997). Effect of paper mill effluent on germination of rice (Oryza sativa L.) and growth behavior of its seedlings. J. Ind. Pollut., 13: 41-47
Hedge, J.E. and Hofreiter, B.T. (1962). In carbohydrate chemistry 17 (Eds whistler RL and Be Millee, J.N) Academic press, New York
Indra, P. and Ravi Mycin, T. (2009). Germination changes of varieties of Vigna mungo L. under tannery effluent stress. Recent Research in Science and Technology, 1(5): 217-222
Jolly, Y.N., Islam, A. and Mustafab, A.I. (2012). Impact of dyeing industry effluent on soil and crop. Universal Journal of Environmental Research and Technology, 2(6): 560-568
Kannan, J. (2001). Effect of distillery effluent on crops plants. Adv. Plant. Sci., 14: 127-132
Kaushik, P., Garg, L. And Singh, V.K.B. (2005). Effect Ef-fect of textile effluents on growth performance of wheat cultivars. Biores. Technol., 96-1189-1193
Kumar, A. (1999). Growth and physiological activity of green gram under effluent stress. Adv. Plant Sci., 2-261
Kumar, A. (2000). The effluents severally affect crop plants and soil. Adv. Plant Sci., 13-427
Lowry, O.H., Roesbrough, N.J., Farr, A. and Randall, R.J. (1951). Protein measurement with the folin phenol rea-gent. J. Biol. Chem., 193: 265-275
Malik, S., Bhati, H.P., Kumar, D. and Kumar, V. (2014). Germination and seedling growth of Vigna radiata L. under sugar mill effluent stress. International Journal Of Pharmaceutical Research And Bio-Science, 3(1): 54-59
Nagajyoti, P.C., Dinakar, N., Prasadd, T.N.V.K.V., Suresh, C. and Damodharan (2008). Heavy metal toxicity: In-dustrial effluent effect on groundnut (Arachis hypo-gaea) Seedling. Journal of applied science research, 4(1): 110-121
Neelam, R. and Sahai, J. (1988). Effect of fertilizer factory effluent on seed germination, seedling growth, pigment content and biomass of Sesamum indicum Linn. J. Envi-ron. Biol., 9: 45-50
Patel, K.P., Pandya, R.R., Maliwal, G.L., Patel, K.C., Rama-ni, V.P. and George, V. (2004). Heavy metal content of different effluents and their relative availability in soil irrigated with effluent waters around major industrial cities of Gujarat. Journal of Indian Society of Soil Sci-ence, 52: 89-94
Pragasam, A. and Kannabiran, B. (2001). Growth and physi-ological activity of green gram under effluent stress. Adv. Plant Sci., 14-547
Sasikala, T. and Poongodi, N. (2013). Impact of dye effluent on seed germination of blackgram (Vigna mungo). Indi-an journal of applied research, 3(8): 47-48
Sing, S.P., Bhathanagar, M.K. and Singh, P.A. (2005). The reduction in seed germination at higher concentrations of salt. J. Indu. Poll. Cont., 21-163
Singh, P.K., Sharma, K.P., Kumar. S., Sharma, S. and Sub-hasini. (2007). Assessment of environmental contami-nation potential of distillery effluent using plant animal bioassays. Nat. Environ. Poll. Technol., 6: 63-74
Singh, A.P. and Sakal, R. (2001). Sewage sludge treated soils distribution and translocation of micronutrient cations in different plant species. Sustainable use of Chemicals in Agriculture, 2: 23-32
Singh, P.P., Mall, M. and Singh, I. (2006). Impact of fertiliz-er factory effluent on seed germination, seedling growth and chlorophyll content of gram (Cicer arietinum). I. Envron. Biol., 27: 153-156
APHA, AWWA and WPCF, (1992). Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater 16 th eds. American Public Health Assoc., Washington, D.C.
Arnon, D.I. (1949). Copper enzymes in isolated chloroplasts- polyphenoloxidase in beta vulgaris. Plant Physiol., pp: 24: 31
Bamniya, B.R., Kapasya, V. and Kapoor, C.S. (2010). Physi-ological and biochemical studies on the effect of waste water on selected crop plants. Biological Forum-An International Journal, Vol. 2(2): 1-3
Baskaran, L., Sundaramoorthy, P., Chidambaram A.L.A. and Sankar Ganesh, K. (2009). Growth and physiological activity of greengram (Vigna radiata L.) Under Effluent Stress. Botany Research International, 2(2): 107-114
Bernfeld, P. (1955). Amylases and Method in Enzymol., Vol.1, PP:149., Academic Press USA (5).
Chandrasekar, W., Subramani, A. and Saravanan, S. (1998). Growth and physiological activity of green gram under effluent stress. J. Ind. Poll. Cont., 14-73
Carpenter, J.H. (1965). The chesapeake bay institute. tech-nique for the Winkler oxygen method. Limnol. Ocean-ogr., 10: 141-143
Dutta, S.K. and Boissya, C.L. (1997). Effect of paper mill effluent on germination of rice (Oryza sativa L.) and growth behavior of its seedlings. J. Ind. Pollut., 13: 41-47
Hedge, J.E. and Hofreiter, B.T. (1962). In carbohydrate chemistry 17 (Eds whistler RL and Be Millee, J.N) Academic press, New York
Indra, P. and Ravi Mycin, T. (2009). Germination changes of varieties of Vigna mungo L. under tannery effluent stress. Recent Research in Science and Technology, 1(5): 217-222
Jolly, Y.N., Islam, A. and Mustafab, A.I. (2012). Impact of dyeing industry effluent on soil and crop. Universal Journal of Environmental Research and Technology, 2(6): 560-568
Kannan, J. (2001). Effect of distillery effluent on crops plants. Adv. Plant. Sci., 14: 127-132
Kaushik, P., Garg, L. And Singh, V.K.B. (2005). Effect Ef-fect of textile effluents on growth performance of wheat cultivars. Biores. Technol., 96-1189-1193
Kumar, A. (1999). Growth and physiological activity of green gram under effluent stress. Adv. Plant Sci., 2-261
Kumar, A. (2000). The effluents severally affect crop plants and soil. Adv. Plant Sci., 13-427
Lowry, O.H., Roesbrough, N.J., Farr, A. and Randall, R.J. (1951). Protein measurement with the folin phenol rea-gent. J. Biol. Chem., 193: 265-275
Malik, S., Bhati, H.P., Kumar, D. and Kumar, V. (2014). Germination and seedling growth of Vigna radiata L. under sugar mill effluent stress. International Journal Of Pharmaceutical Research And Bio-Science, 3(1): 54-59
Nagajyoti, P.C., Dinakar, N., Prasadd, T.N.V.K.V., Suresh, C. and Damodharan (2008). Heavy metal toxicity: In-dustrial effluent effect on groundnut (Arachis hypo-gaea) Seedling. Journal of applied science research, 4(1): 110-121
Neelam, R. and Sahai, J. (1988). Effect of fertilizer factory effluent on seed germination, seedling growth, pigment content and biomass of Sesamum indicum Linn. J. Envi-ron. Biol., 9: 45-50
Patel, K.P., Pandya, R.R., Maliwal, G.L., Patel, K.C., Rama-ni, V.P. and George, V. (2004). Heavy metal content of different effluents and their relative availability in soil irrigated with effluent waters around major industrial cities of Gujarat. Journal of Indian Society of Soil Sci-ence, 52: 89-94
Pragasam, A. and Kannabiran, B. (2001). Growth and physi-ological activity of green gram under effluent stress. Adv. Plant Sci., 14-547
Sasikala, T. and Poongodi, N. (2013). Impact of dye effluent on seed germination of blackgram (Vigna mungo). Indi-an journal of applied research, 3(8): 47-48
Sing, S.P., Bhathanagar, M.K. and Singh, P.A. (2005). The reduction in seed germination at higher concentrations of salt. J. Indu. Poll. Cont., 21-163
Singh, P.K., Sharma, K.P., Kumar. S., Sharma, S. and Sub-hasini. (2007). Assessment of environmental contami-nation potential of distillery effluent using plant animal bioassays. Nat. Environ. Poll. Technol., 6: 63-74
Singh, A.P. and Sakal, R. (2001). Sewage sludge treated soils distribution and translocation of micronutrient cations in different plant species. Sustainable use of Chemicals in Agriculture, 2: 23-32
Singh, P.P., Mall, M. and Singh, I. (2006). Impact of fertiliz-er factory effluent on seed germination, seedling growth and chlorophyll content of gram (Cicer arietinum). I. Envron. Biol., 27: 153-156
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How to Cite
Morphological and Biochemical Analysis of Cicer arietinum L. under Paper Industrial Effluent Stress conditions. (2016). Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 8(4), 2099-2103. https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v8i4.1097
