Study on genetic diversity in chilli (Capsicum annuum) based on multivariate analysis and isozyme analysis
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Abstract
Thirty seven diverse chilli (Capsicum annuum) genotypes were studied for 22 growth, yield and fruit quality traits. Multivariate analysis grouped the genotypes into 7 clusters. Cluster IV was largest containing 14 genotypes. Inter cluster distance was maximum between cluster V and VII (248.09), and minimum between cluster I and II (57.80). Cluster VII was most heterogeneous (intra-cluster divergence value 191.25) and Cluster II was most homogeneous (30.25). Genotypes were also analyzed for peroxidase enzyme polymorphism using gel electrophoresis which resulted seven electrophoretic bands (Rf 0.19 to 0.59) and grouped the genotypes into 6 zymotypes. Zymotype P4 included maximum (13) number of genotypes. Number of clusters in peroxidase and multivariate analysis were almost same but distribution of genotypes varied. 73% of total genotypes showed similar pattern of grouping suggesting that the two methods are complementary to each other and should be carried out simultaneously to determine genetic diversity more effectively. Considering variability and diversity analysis of the genotypes, CUCH-4 from Cluster-II (& Zymotype-P2) and CUCH-31, CUCH-34 and CUCH-35 from Cluster-VII (& Zymotype-P4) were identified as promising genotypes which can be used in further crop improvement programme.
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Keywords
Capsicum, Chilli, Diversity, Multivariate analysis, Peroxidase analysis
References
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Ali, Z., Xu, Z.L., Zhang, D.Y., He, X.L., Bahadur, S. and Yi, J.X. (2011). Molecular diversity analysis of eggplant (Solanum melongena) genetic resources. Genet. Mol. Res., 10 (2): 1141-1155
Aniel Kumar, O., Rupavathi, T. and Subba Tata, S. (2013). Genetic Variation of Isozyme Polyphenol Oxidase (PPO) Profiles in Different Varieties of Capsicum annuum L. Notulae Scientia Biologicae, 5(4):454-457
Anonymous (2007). FAO Production Yearbook, p: 333. Rome, Italy
Anonymous (2012). Crop report 2011/12, Oilseeds and Spices. P:6. http://www.agrocrops.com/ crop-report-2012.pdf
Barrera, L.Q., Garcia, M.C., Giraldo, M.C. and Melgarejo, L.M. (2005). Isozyme characterization of Capsicum accessions from the Amazonian Colombian collections. Revista Colombiana De Biotecnologia, 1: 59-65
Beatriz Helena Gomes Rocha, Eliane Augustin, João Baptista da Silva and Judith Viégas (2001). Isoenzy-matic variability in wild potatoes. Pesq. Agropec. Bras., 36 (5): 781-791
Bhat, K.V., Bhat, S.R. and Chandel, K.P.S. (1992a). Survey of isozyme polymorphism for clonal identification in Musa I. Esterase, acid phosphatase, and catalase. J. Horti. Sci., 67 (4): 501-508
Bhat, K.V., Bhat, S.R. and Chandel, K.P.S. (1992b). Survey of isozyme polymorphism for clonal identification in Musa II. Peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, shikimate dehydrogenase, and malate dehydrogenase. J. Horti. Sci., 67(6): 737-743
Brewer, G.J. and Sing, C.F, (1970). An Introduction to Isozyme Techniques, Academic Press, New York.
Brim, C.A., Usanis, S.A. and Tester, C.F. (1969). Organ specificity and genotype differences in isoperoxidases of soybeans. Crop Sci., 9: 843-845
Buttery, B.R. and Buzzel, R.I. (1968). Peroxidase activity in seeds of soybean varieties. Crop Sci., 8: 722-725
Evans, J.J. and Allridge, N.A. (1965). The distribution of peroxidases in extreme dwarf and normal tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum). Phytochemistry, 8: 499-503
Farooq, S. and Sayyed, H. (1999). Isozyme markers in cotton breeding-II: Inter and intra varietal variation in the activity of isozymes of the enzyme peroxidase as affected by area of cotton cultivation. Pak. J. Bot., 31 (2): 347-359
Gunaseelan, C., Suganyadevi, P., Rajasabapathy, R. and Ruban, P. (2011). Differentiation of Hybrid (COTH2) and wild (CO3) varieties of tomato (Lycopersicon escu-lentum) using protein and peroxidase isozyme profile. Res. & Rev., 1 (2): 1-5
Gupta, C.H.G., Lakshmi, N. and Srivalli, T. (1997). Analysis of isozyme patterns (peroxidase) of Capsicum hybrids through PAGE. Capsicum and Eggplant Newsletter. 16: 64-67
IPGRI, AVRDC and CATIE. (1995). Descriptors for Capsicum ( Capsicum spp.). International Plant Genetic Resources Institute, Rome, Italy; the Asian Vegetable Research and Development Center, Taipei, Taiwan, and the Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza, Turrialba, Costa Rica.
Ivy, N.A., Biswas, M.S., Rasul, G., Hossain, T. and Mian, M.A.K. (2010). Variations of genotypes of radish at molecular level using isozyme analysis for the identifi-cation of self-incompatible lines. Global J. Biotech. Biochem, 5 (1): 19-26
Lahbib, K., Bnejdi, F. and Gazzah, E.I. (2012). Genetic diversity evaluation of pepper in Tunisia based on morphologic characters. Afr. J. Agric. Res., 7 (23): 3413-3417
Lebot, V., Aradhya, M.K. and Manshardt, R.M. (1991). Geographic survey of genetic variation in kava (Piper methysticum Forst. F. and P. wichmanii C. DC.). Pacific Sci., 45 (2): 169-185
Mahalanobis, P. (1936). On the generalized distance in statistics. Proc. Nat. Inst. Sci., (India), 12: 49-55
Murty, B.R. and Arunachalam, V. (1966). The nature of genetic divergence in relation to breeding system in crop plants. Indian J. Genet, 26A: 188-198
Narasimhayya, G. and Venkatarao, C. (1974). Classification of the varieties of cigarette tobacco using D2 statistic. Indian J. Agric. Sci., 44: 660 – 664
Nitesh, L., Dilraj, K., Patel, N.J. and Talati, J.G. (2010). Varietal identification of chilli (Capsicum annuum L.) by electrophoretic technique. Indian J. Agric. Biochem. 23 (1): 36-40
Nourish, M.J. (1993). SPSS for Windows-Professional Statistics; Release 6.0 SPSS Inc. 444N. Michigan Avenue, Chicago, Illinoise, 6061
Onus, A.N. and Pickersgill, B. (2000). A study of selected isozymes in Capsicum baccatum, Capsicum eximium, Capsicum cardenasii, and two interspecific F1 hybrids in Capsicum species. Turk. J. Bot, 24: 311-318
Pandey, G. and Dobhal, V. K. (1993). Multivariate analysis in chilli (C. annuum L.). J. Spices Aromatic Crops, 2 (1-2): 71-74
Peeraullee, N. and Ranghoo-Sanmukhiya, V.M. (2013). Assessment of genetic diversity in local chilli (Capsicum annuum) varieties in mauritius. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology, 12: 387
Powers, H.R., Lin, D. Jr. and Hubbes. (1988). Interspecific and intraspecific differentiation within the genus Cronartium by isozyme and protein pattern analysis. Pl. Dis., 73:691-694
Singh, A.K., Mishra, A. and Shukla, A. (2010). Genetic evaluation and identification of genetic donors in blackgram (Vigna mungo) revealed by agro-morphological traits and seed storage protein analysis. World Appl. Sci., J. 10 (4): 477-488
Sreelathakumary, I. and Rajamony, L. (2004b). Genetic divergence in chilli (Capsicum annuum L.) Indian J. Hort., 62 (2):137-139
Varalakshmi, B. and Babu, K. H. (1991). Genetic diver-gence, heritability and genetic advance in chilli (C. annuum L.). Indian J. Genet., 56(2): 174-178
Ali, Z., Xu, Z.L., Zhang, D.Y., He, X.L., Bahadur, S. and Yi, J.X. (2011). Molecular diversity analysis of eggplant (Solanum melongena) genetic resources. Genet. Mol. Res., 10 (2): 1141-1155
Aniel Kumar, O., Rupavathi, T. and Subba Tata, S. (2013). Genetic Variation of Isozyme Polyphenol Oxidase (PPO) Profiles in Different Varieties of Capsicum annuum L. Notulae Scientia Biologicae, 5(4):454-457
Anonymous (2007). FAO Production Yearbook, p: 333. Rome, Italy
Anonymous (2012). Crop report 2011/12, Oilseeds and Spices. P:6. http://www.agrocrops.com/ crop-report-2012.pdf
Barrera, L.Q., Garcia, M.C., Giraldo, M.C. and Melgarejo, L.M. (2005). Isozyme characterization of Capsicum accessions from the Amazonian Colombian collections. Revista Colombiana De Biotecnologia, 1: 59-65
Beatriz Helena Gomes Rocha, Eliane Augustin, João Baptista da Silva and Judith Viégas (2001). Isoenzy-matic variability in wild potatoes. Pesq. Agropec. Bras., 36 (5): 781-791
Bhat, K.V., Bhat, S.R. and Chandel, K.P.S. (1992a). Survey of isozyme polymorphism for clonal identification in Musa I. Esterase, acid phosphatase, and catalase. J. Horti. Sci., 67 (4): 501-508
Bhat, K.V., Bhat, S.R. and Chandel, K.P.S. (1992b). Survey of isozyme polymorphism for clonal identification in Musa II. Peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, shikimate dehydrogenase, and malate dehydrogenase. J. Horti. Sci., 67(6): 737-743
Brewer, G.J. and Sing, C.F, (1970). An Introduction to Isozyme Techniques, Academic Press, New York.
Brim, C.A., Usanis, S.A. and Tester, C.F. (1969). Organ specificity and genotype differences in isoperoxidases of soybeans. Crop Sci., 9: 843-845
Buttery, B.R. and Buzzel, R.I. (1968). Peroxidase activity in seeds of soybean varieties. Crop Sci., 8: 722-725
Evans, J.J. and Allridge, N.A. (1965). The distribution of peroxidases in extreme dwarf and normal tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum). Phytochemistry, 8: 499-503
Farooq, S. and Sayyed, H. (1999). Isozyme markers in cotton breeding-II: Inter and intra varietal variation in the activity of isozymes of the enzyme peroxidase as affected by area of cotton cultivation. Pak. J. Bot., 31 (2): 347-359
Gunaseelan, C., Suganyadevi, P., Rajasabapathy, R. and Ruban, P. (2011). Differentiation of Hybrid (COTH2) and wild (CO3) varieties of tomato (Lycopersicon escu-lentum) using protein and peroxidase isozyme profile. Res. & Rev., 1 (2): 1-5
Gupta, C.H.G., Lakshmi, N. and Srivalli, T. (1997). Analysis of isozyme patterns (peroxidase) of Capsicum hybrids through PAGE. Capsicum and Eggplant Newsletter. 16: 64-67
IPGRI, AVRDC and CATIE. (1995). Descriptors for Capsicum ( Capsicum spp.). International Plant Genetic Resources Institute, Rome, Italy; the Asian Vegetable Research and Development Center, Taipei, Taiwan, and the Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza, Turrialba, Costa Rica.
Ivy, N.A., Biswas, M.S., Rasul, G., Hossain, T. and Mian, M.A.K. (2010). Variations of genotypes of radish at molecular level using isozyme analysis for the identifi-cation of self-incompatible lines. Global J. Biotech. Biochem, 5 (1): 19-26
Lahbib, K., Bnejdi, F. and Gazzah, E.I. (2012). Genetic diversity evaluation of pepper in Tunisia based on morphologic characters. Afr. J. Agric. Res., 7 (23): 3413-3417
Lebot, V., Aradhya, M.K. and Manshardt, R.M. (1991). Geographic survey of genetic variation in kava (Piper methysticum Forst. F. and P. wichmanii C. DC.). Pacific Sci., 45 (2): 169-185
Mahalanobis, P. (1936). On the generalized distance in statistics. Proc. Nat. Inst. Sci., (India), 12: 49-55
Murty, B.R. and Arunachalam, V. (1966). The nature of genetic divergence in relation to breeding system in crop plants. Indian J. Genet, 26A: 188-198
Narasimhayya, G. and Venkatarao, C. (1974). Classification of the varieties of cigarette tobacco using D2 statistic. Indian J. Agric. Sci., 44: 660 – 664
Nitesh, L., Dilraj, K., Patel, N.J. and Talati, J.G. (2010). Varietal identification of chilli (Capsicum annuum L.) by electrophoretic technique. Indian J. Agric. Biochem. 23 (1): 36-40
Nourish, M.J. (1993). SPSS for Windows-Professional Statistics; Release 6.0 SPSS Inc. 444N. Michigan Avenue, Chicago, Illinoise, 6061
Onus, A.N. and Pickersgill, B. (2000). A study of selected isozymes in Capsicum baccatum, Capsicum eximium, Capsicum cardenasii, and two interspecific F1 hybrids in Capsicum species. Turk. J. Bot, 24: 311-318
Pandey, G. and Dobhal, V. K. (1993). Multivariate analysis in chilli (C. annuum L.). J. Spices Aromatic Crops, 2 (1-2): 71-74
Peeraullee, N. and Ranghoo-Sanmukhiya, V.M. (2013). Assessment of genetic diversity in local chilli (Capsicum annuum) varieties in mauritius. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology, 12: 387
Powers, H.R., Lin, D. Jr. and Hubbes. (1988). Interspecific and intraspecific differentiation within the genus Cronartium by isozyme and protein pattern analysis. Pl. Dis., 73:691-694
Singh, A.K., Mishra, A. and Shukla, A. (2010). Genetic evaluation and identification of genetic donors in blackgram (Vigna mungo) revealed by agro-morphological traits and seed storage protein analysis. World Appl. Sci., J. 10 (4): 477-488
Sreelathakumary, I. and Rajamony, L. (2004b). Genetic divergence in chilli (Capsicum annuum L.) Indian J. Hort., 62 (2):137-139
Varalakshmi, B. and Babu, K. H. (1991). Genetic diver-gence, heritability and genetic advance in chilli (C. annuum L.). Indian J. Genet., 56(2): 174-178
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Study on genetic diversity in chilli (Capsicum annuum) based on multivariate analysis and isozyme analysis. (2016). Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 8(4), 1884-1892. https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v8i4.1057
