Pretreated rice straw as an improved fodder for ruminants-An overview
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Abstract
Rice straw, a by-product of the rice production is mainly used as a source of feed for ruminant livestock is the major forage in rice-producing areas in India. The disposal of the rice straw is a serious problem in areas where it is the major agricultural product. It is rich in polysaccharides and has a high lignin and silica content, limiting voluntary intake and reducing degradability by rumen microbes. By rice straw treatment, its quality and digestibility can be improved and enhanced the protein content. Several methods have been used to improve the utilization of rice straw by ruminants or supplemented by other ingredients to increase digestibility and nutrient value before it can be considered a suitable animal feed. In recent years, biological treatments have been investigated for improvement in nutritional value of rice straw. The use of ligninolytic fungi and their extracellular ligninolytic enzymes for treatment of rice straw results in degrading cellulose and hemicelluloses contents which improve its nutritional value. The use of fungi and enzyme treatments is expected to be a practical, cost-effective and environmental-friendly approach for enhancing the nutritive value and digestibility of rice straw. Therefore, the treated rice straw has a good potential as feed for ruminants.
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Keywords
Cattle, Feed, Nutritive value, Rice straw, Utilization
References
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Akinfemi, A. and Ogunwole, O.A. (2012). Chemical composition and in vitro digestibility of rice straw treated with Pleurotus ostreatus, Pleurotus pulmonarius and Pleurotus tuber-regium. Slovak Journal of Animal Sciences 45: 14-20.
Akter, Y., Akbar, M.A., Shahjalal, M. and Ahmed, T.U. (2004). Effect of urea molasses multi-nutrient blocks supplementation of dairy cows fed rice straw and green grasses on milk yield, composition, live weight gain of cows and calves and feed intake. Pakistan Journal of Biological. Sciences 7: 1523-1525.
Balasubramanian, M.K. (2013). Potential utilization of rice straw for ethanol production by sequential fermentation of cellulose and xylose using Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Pachysolen tannophilus. International Journal of Science, Engineering, Technology and Research 2: 1531-1535.
Beauchemin, K.A., Colombatto, D. and Morgavi, D.P. (2004). A rationale for the development of feed enzyme products for ruminants. Canadian Journal of Animal Sciences 84: 23-36.
Chenost, M. and Kayouli, C. (1997). Roughage utilization in warm climates. FAO Animal Production and Health, Rome.
Devendra, C. (1997). Crop residues for feeding animals in Asia: Technology development and adoption in crop/ livestock systems. In: Crop Residuals in Sustainable Mixed Crop/livestock Farming System (Ed. C. Renard). CAB International; Wallingford, UK. pp241-267
Drake, D.J., Nader, G. and Forero, L. (2002). Feeding rice straw to cattle. Publication 8079 - University of California, Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources. California.
Doyle, P.T., Devendra, C. and Pearce, G.R. (1996). Rice straw as a feed for ruminants. International Development Program of Australian Universities and Colleges Limited (IDP), Canberra, Australia.
Eriksson, K.L., Blanchette, R.A. and Ander, P. (1990). Microbial and enzymatic degradation of wood and wood components. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York.
Fadel Elseed, A.M.A. (2005). Effect of supplemental protein feeding frequency on ruminal characteristics and microbial N production in sheep fed treated rice straw. Small Ruminant Research 57: 11-17.
Goh, C.S., Tan, K.T., Lee, K.T. and Bhatia, S. (2010). Bioethanol from lignocelluloses: status, perspectives and challenges in Malaysia. Bioresource Technology 101: 4834-4841.
Haque, Q.M.E., Amanullah, S.M. and Islam, M.M. (2007). Introduction of forage crops with the existing cropping system of different agro-ecological zones of Bangladesh and its impact analysis. Progress Report, Anim. Production Division, BLRI.
Heuze, V. and Tran, G. (2013). Rice straw. Feedipedia. Org. A programme by INRA, CIRAD, AFZ and FAO( http:// www.feedipedia.org/node/557).
Howard, R., Abotsi, E.E., Jansen, L. and Howard, S. (2003). Lignocellulose biotechnology: Issues of bioconversion and enzyme production. African Journal of Biotechnology 2: 602-619.
Kadam, K.L., Forrest, L.H. and Jacobson, W.A. (2000). Rice straw as a lignocellulosic resource: collection, processing, transportation, and environmental aspects. Biomass and Bioenergy 18: 369-389.
Kargbo, F.R., Xing, J. and Zhang, Y. (2009). Pretreatment for energy use of rice straw: a review. African Journal of Agricultural Research 4: 30-40.
Kanjanapruthipong, J. and Thaboot, B. (2006). Effects of neutral detergent fiber from rice straw on blood metabolites and productivity of dairy cows in the tropics. Asian-Australian Journal of Animal Science 19: 356-362.
Liu, J.X. and Orskov, E.R. (2000). Cellulase treatment of untreated and steam pre-treated rice straw-effect on in vitro fermentation characteristics. Animal Feed Science and Technology 88: 189-200.
Mahesh, M.S. and Mohini, M. (2013). Biological treatment of crop residues for ruminant feeding: A review. African Journal of Biotechnology 12: 4221-4231.
Nader, G. (2000). Rice straw utilization by cattle. Report to the Rice Research Board. December. http://www. syix. com/rrb/00rpt/StrawCattle.htm
Rahman, M.M., Akbar, M.A., Islam, K.M.S., Khaleduzzaman, A.B.M. and Bostami, A.B.M.R. (2010). Nutrient digestibility and growth rate of bull calves fed rice straw treated with wood ash extract. Bangladesh Journal of Animal Science 39: 97-105.
Rodrigues, M.A.M., Pinto, P., Bezerra, R.M.F., Dias, A.A., Guedes, C.V.M., Gardoso, V.M.G.W., Colaco, L.M.M. J. and Sequeira, C.A. (2008). Effect of enzyme extracts isolated from white-rot fungi on chemical composition and in vitro digestibility of wheat straw. Animal Feed Science and Technology 141: 326-338.
Sarnklong, C., Cone, J.W., Pellikaan, W. and Hendriks, W.H. (2010). Utilization of rice straw and different treatments to improve its feed value for ruminants: A review. Asian-Australian Journal of Animal Science 23: 680 -692.
Sarwar, M., Khan, M.A. and Nisa, M. (2004a). Effect of organic acids of fermentable carbohydrates on digestibility and nitrogen utilization of urea treated wheat straw in buffalo bulls. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 55: 223?228.
Sarwar, M., Khan, M.A. and Nisa, M. (2004b). Influence ruminally protected fat and urea treated corncobs on nutrient intake, digestibility, milk yield and its composition in Nili?Ravi buffaloes. Asian?Austral. Journal of Animal Science 17:171?176.
Schiere, J.B. and Ibrahim, M.N.M. (1989). Feeding of urea ammonia treated rice straw: A compilation of miscellaneous reports produced by the straw utilization project, Pudoc, Wageningen, Sri Lanka.
Selim, A.S.M., Pan, J., Takano, T., Suzuki, T., Koike, S., Kobayashi, Y. and Tanaka, K. (2004). Effect of ammonia treatment on physical strength of rice straw, distribution of straw particles and particle-associated bacteria in sheep rumen. Animal Feed Science and Technology 115: 117-128.
Shaver, R. and Hoffman, P. (2010). Use of straw in dairy cattle diets. Focus on Forage, 12: 2-10.
Shen, H.S., Ni, D.B. and Sundstol, F. (1998). Studies on untreated and urea-treated rice straw from three cultivation seasons: Physical and chemical measurements in straw and straw fractions. Animal Feed Science and Technology 73: 243-261.
Shen, H.S., Sundstol, F. and Eik, L.O. (1999). Studies on untreated and urea-treated rice straw from three cultivation seasons: 3. Histological investigations by light and scanning electron microscopy. Animal Feed Science and Technology 80: 151-159.
Suwandyastuti, S.N.O. and Bata, M. (2010). Improvement of rice straw for ruminant feed through conventional alkali treatment and supplementation of various protein sources. Journal of Animal Production 12: 82-85.
Vadiveloo, J. (2003). The effect of agronomic improvement and urea treatment on the nutritional value of Malaysian rice straw varieties. Animal Feed Science and Technology 108: 33-146.
Van Soest, P.J. (2006). Review: rice straw, the role of silica and treatments to improve quality. Animal Feed Science and Technology 130: 137-171.
Vu, D.D., Cuong, L.X., Dung, C.A. and Hai, P.H. (1999). Use of urea-molasses-multi-nutrient block and urea-treated rice straw for improving dairy cattle productivity in Vietnam. Preventive. Veterinary Medicine 38: 187-193.
Wanapat, M., Polyrach, S., Boonnop, K., Mapato, C. and Cherdthong, A. (2009). Effect of treating rice straw with urea and calcium hydroxide upon intake, digestibility, rumen fermentation and milk yield of dairy cows. Livestock Science 125: 238-243.
Wang, Y., Spratling, B.M., ZoBell, D.R., Wiedmeier, R.D. and McAllister, T.A. (2004). Effect of alkali pretreatment of wheat straw on the efficacy of exogenous fibrolytic enzymes. Journal of Animal Science 82: 198-208.
Yoswathana, N. and Phuriphipat, P. (2010). Bioethanol production from rice straw. Energy Research Journal 1: 26-31.
Vadiveloo, J. (2000). Nutritional properties of the leaf and stem of rice straw. Animal Feed Science and Technology 83: 57-65.
Akinfemi, A. and Ogunwole, O.A. (2012). Chemical composition and in vitro digestibility of rice straw treated with Pleurotus ostreatus, Pleurotus pulmonarius and Pleurotus tuber-regium. Slovak Journal of Animal Sciences 45: 14-20.
Akter, Y., Akbar, M.A., Shahjalal, M. and Ahmed, T.U. (2004). Effect of urea molasses multi-nutrient blocks supplementation of dairy cows fed rice straw and green grasses on milk yield, composition, live weight gain of cows and calves and feed intake. Pakistan Journal of Biological. Sciences 7: 1523-1525.
Balasubramanian, M.K. (2013). Potential utilization of rice straw for ethanol production by sequential fermentation of cellulose and xylose using Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Pachysolen tannophilus. International Journal of Science, Engineering, Technology and Research 2: 1531-1535.
Beauchemin, K.A., Colombatto, D. and Morgavi, D.P. (2004). A rationale for the development of feed enzyme products for ruminants. Canadian Journal of Animal Sciences 84: 23-36.
Chenost, M. and Kayouli, C. (1997). Roughage utilization in warm climates. FAO Animal Production and Health, Rome.
Devendra, C. (1997). Crop residues for feeding animals in Asia: Technology development and adoption in crop/ livestock systems. In: Crop Residuals in Sustainable Mixed Crop/livestock Farming System (Ed. C. Renard). CAB International; Wallingford, UK. pp241-267
Drake, D.J., Nader, G. and Forero, L. (2002). Feeding rice straw to cattle. Publication 8079 - University of California, Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources. California.
Doyle, P.T., Devendra, C. and Pearce, G.R. (1996). Rice straw as a feed for ruminants. International Development Program of Australian Universities and Colleges Limited (IDP), Canberra, Australia.
Eriksson, K.L., Blanchette, R.A. and Ander, P. (1990). Microbial and enzymatic degradation of wood and wood components. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York.
Fadel Elseed, A.M.A. (2005). Effect of supplemental protein feeding frequency on ruminal characteristics and microbial N production in sheep fed treated rice straw. Small Ruminant Research 57: 11-17.
Goh, C.S., Tan, K.T., Lee, K.T. and Bhatia, S. (2010). Bioethanol from lignocelluloses: status, perspectives and challenges in Malaysia. Bioresource Technology 101: 4834-4841.
Haque, Q.M.E., Amanullah, S.M. and Islam, M.M. (2007). Introduction of forage crops with the existing cropping system of different agro-ecological zones of Bangladesh and its impact analysis. Progress Report, Anim. Production Division, BLRI.
Heuze, V. and Tran, G. (2013). Rice straw. Feedipedia. Org. A programme by INRA, CIRAD, AFZ and FAO( http:// www.feedipedia.org/node/557).
Howard, R., Abotsi, E.E., Jansen, L. and Howard, S. (2003). Lignocellulose biotechnology: Issues of bioconversion and enzyme production. African Journal of Biotechnology 2: 602-619.
Kadam, K.L., Forrest, L.H. and Jacobson, W.A. (2000). Rice straw as a lignocellulosic resource: collection, processing, transportation, and environmental aspects. Biomass and Bioenergy 18: 369-389.
Kargbo, F.R., Xing, J. and Zhang, Y. (2009). Pretreatment for energy use of rice straw: a review. African Journal of Agricultural Research 4: 30-40.
Kanjanapruthipong, J. and Thaboot, B. (2006). Effects of neutral detergent fiber from rice straw on blood metabolites and productivity of dairy cows in the tropics. Asian-Australian Journal of Animal Science 19: 356-362.
Liu, J.X. and Orskov, E.R. (2000). Cellulase treatment of untreated and steam pre-treated rice straw-effect on in vitro fermentation characteristics. Animal Feed Science and Technology 88: 189-200.
Mahesh, M.S. and Mohini, M. (2013). Biological treatment of crop residues for ruminant feeding: A review. African Journal of Biotechnology 12: 4221-4231.
Nader, G. (2000). Rice straw utilization by cattle. Report to the Rice Research Board. December. http://www. syix. com/rrb/00rpt/StrawCattle.htm
Rahman, M.M., Akbar, M.A., Islam, K.M.S., Khaleduzzaman, A.B.M. and Bostami, A.B.M.R. (2010). Nutrient digestibility and growth rate of bull calves fed rice straw treated with wood ash extract. Bangladesh Journal of Animal Science 39: 97-105.
Rodrigues, M.A.M., Pinto, P., Bezerra, R.M.F., Dias, A.A., Guedes, C.V.M., Gardoso, V.M.G.W., Colaco, L.M.M. J. and Sequeira, C.A. (2008). Effect of enzyme extracts isolated from white-rot fungi on chemical composition and in vitro digestibility of wheat straw. Animal Feed Science and Technology 141: 326-338.
Sarnklong, C., Cone, J.W., Pellikaan, W. and Hendriks, W.H. (2010). Utilization of rice straw and different treatments to improve its feed value for ruminants: A review. Asian-Australian Journal of Animal Science 23: 680 -692.
Sarwar, M., Khan, M.A. and Nisa, M. (2004a). Effect of organic acids of fermentable carbohydrates on digestibility and nitrogen utilization of urea treated wheat straw in buffalo bulls. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 55: 223?228.
Sarwar, M., Khan, M.A. and Nisa, M. (2004b). Influence ruminally protected fat and urea treated corncobs on nutrient intake, digestibility, milk yield and its composition in Nili?Ravi buffaloes. Asian?Austral. Journal of Animal Science 17:171?176.
Schiere, J.B. and Ibrahim, M.N.M. (1989). Feeding of urea ammonia treated rice straw: A compilation of miscellaneous reports produced by the straw utilization project, Pudoc, Wageningen, Sri Lanka.
Selim, A.S.M., Pan, J., Takano, T., Suzuki, T., Koike, S., Kobayashi, Y. and Tanaka, K. (2004). Effect of ammonia treatment on physical strength of rice straw, distribution of straw particles and particle-associated bacteria in sheep rumen. Animal Feed Science and Technology 115: 117-128.
Shaver, R. and Hoffman, P. (2010). Use of straw in dairy cattle diets. Focus on Forage, 12: 2-10.
Shen, H.S., Ni, D.B. and Sundstol, F. (1998). Studies on untreated and urea-treated rice straw from three cultivation seasons: Physical and chemical measurements in straw and straw fractions. Animal Feed Science and Technology 73: 243-261.
Shen, H.S., Sundstol, F. and Eik, L.O. (1999). Studies on untreated and urea-treated rice straw from three cultivation seasons: 3. Histological investigations by light and scanning electron microscopy. Animal Feed Science and Technology 80: 151-159.
Suwandyastuti, S.N.O. and Bata, M. (2010). Improvement of rice straw for ruminant feed through conventional alkali treatment and supplementation of various protein sources. Journal of Animal Production 12: 82-85.
Vadiveloo, J. (2003). The effect of agronomic improvement and urea treatment on the nutritional value of Malaysian rice straw varieties. Animal Feed Science and Technology 108: 33-146.
Van Soest, P.J. (2006). Review: rice straw, the role of silica and treatments to improve quality. Animal Feed Science and Technology 130: 137-171.
Vu, D.D., Cuong, L.X., Dung, C.A. and Hai, P.H. (1999). Use of urea-molasses-multi-nutrient block and urea-treated rice straw for improving dairy cattle productivity in Vietnam. Preventive. Veterinary Medicine 38: 187-193.
Wanapat, M., Polyrach, S., Boonnop, K., Mapato, C. and Cherdthong, A. (2009). Effect of treating rice straw with urea and calcium hydroxide upon intake, digestibility, rumen fermentation and milk yield of dairy cows. Livestock Science 125: 238-243.
Wang, Y., Spratling, B.M., ZoBell, D.R., Wiedmeier, R.D. and McAllister, T.A. (2004). Effect of alkali pretreatment of wheat straw on the efficacy of exogenous fibrolytic enzymes. Journal of Animal Science 82: 198-208.
Yoswathana, N. and Phuriphipat, P. (2010). Bioethanol production from rice straw. Energy Research Journal 1: 26-31.
Vadiveloo, J. (2000). Nutritional properties of the leaf and stem of rice straw. Animal Feed Science and Technology 83: 57-65.
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How to Cite
Pretreated rice straw as an improved fodder for ruminants-An overview. (2015). Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 7(1), 514-520. https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v7i1.640
