Loss of seed viability in onion (Allium cepa L.) in relation to degradation of lipids during storage
Article Main
Abstract
Onion seeds have one of the lowest longevity among the cultivated crops as it loses viability within a year. The unmarketable seeds have no reported food value or feed value. Onion seeds contain considerable oil content which has potential industrial utility. The present study reports the changes in the quality of seed oil extracted from seeds stored for one year (2019-2020), after which the seeds were unmarketable due to low germination. The physico-chemical properties of seed oil were studied in four onion (Allium cepa L.) varieties (Bhima Safed, Bhima Super, Bhima Dark Red and Bhima Shakti) by standard analytical test. The per cent oil content varied from 12.94% - 16.02% and storage resulted in 0.64% loss in seed oil content. The mean seed germination in freshly harvested seeds was 80.50%, which declined to 52.33% after one year of ambient storage. The electrical conductivity, which measures the membrane integrity increased by 108.60% in one-year-old seeds. The physico-chemical properties of the seed oil deteriorated with the age of the seed. In comparison to the control, the acid values and peroxide values of the seed oil increased by 51.11% and 12.90% respectively, while saponification value decreased by 36.18%. Among the varieties, Bhima Dark Red had the highest degradation in the seed storability and vigour, which also had the highest deterioration in the lipid quality. The present study reports for the first time the degradation of seed lipids during ageing in onion which might be contributing to the poor storability of onion seeds.
Article Details
Article Details
Keywords
Acid value, Onion seed oil, Peroxidase value, Saponification value, Seed viability
References
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AOCS. (1990). Official Methods and Recommended Practices of the American Oil Chemists Society. 4th ed. Champaign, IIl, USA.
Challier, B., Perarnau, J.M. and Viel, J.F. (1998). Garlic, onion and cereal fibre as protective factors for breast cancer: A French case–control study. European Journal of Epidemiology, 14(8): 737–47. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1007512825851
CODEX. (1999). Codex standard for named vegetable oils (Codex-Stan 210 - 1999). Retrieved November, 1 2020 from http://www.fao.org/input/download/standard s/336/CXS_210e_2015.pdf
Dadlani, M. and P K Agrawal. (1987). Techniques in Seed Science and Technology. South Asian Publishers, New Delhi.
Dini, I., Tenore, G.C. and Dini, A. 2008. Chemical composition, nutritional value and antioxidant properties of Allium caepa L. Var. Tropeana (red onion) seeds. Food Chemistry 107(2): 613–21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2007.08.053
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Iqbal, N., Basra, M.A.S. and Khalil, Rehman-ur. (2002). Evaluation of vigour and oil quality in cottonseed during accelerated ageing. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology, 4(3): 318–22.
Indian minimum seed certification stanadards. (2013). The Central Seed Certification Board
Department of Agriculture and Co-operation Ministry of Agriculture Government of India New Delhi, pp 337-339.
ISTA. (2015). ISTA Rules Full Issue. International Rules for Seed Testing, 2015(1): 1–276.
Kurek, K., Plitta-Michalak, B., Ratajczak, E. (2019). Reactive oxygen species as potential drivers of the seed aging process. Plants, 8: 174. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants8060 174
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Mollah, M.R.A., Ali, M.A., Prodhan, M.Z.H., Rahman, M.M. and Alam, M.J. (2016). Effect of containers on storability of true seeds of onion. European Journal of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 3(1): 1–4.
Neme, K., Tola, Y.B., Mohammed, A., Tadesse, E. and Astatkie, T. (2020). Effects of variety, storage container, and duration on the physical properties, oil content, germination capacity, and seed loss due to Plodia interpunctella infestation of Ethiopian sesame. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.10691
de Oliveira, R.A.D., da Conceição Neves, S., Ribeiro, L.M., Nascimento Lopes, P.S., Silvério, F.O. (2016). Storage, oil quality and cryopreservation of babassu palm seeds. Industrial Crops and Products 91: 332–39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2016.07.039
Sau, S., Pal, B., Sarkar, S. and Sarkar, T. (2019). Influence of seed priming on germination and seedling vigour of wood apple (Feronia Limonia Swingle). International Journal of Bio-resource and Stress Management, 10(2): 128–36. https://doi.org/10.23910/IJBSM/2019.10.2.1967
Sim, Y.Y. and Nyam, L.K. (2020). Cold pressed onion (Allium Cepa L.) seed oil. In Cold Pressed Oils, Elsevier, 295–307. https://doi.org/10.1016/C2018-0-03151-5
Sobolewska, D., Michalska, K., Podolak, I. and Grabowska, K. (2016). Steroidal saponins from the genus Allium. Phytochemistry Reviews, 15(1): 1–35. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11101-014-9381-1
Tajbakhsh, M., Brown, P., Gracie, A., Spurr, C., Donovan, N., Clark, R.J. (2004). Mitigation of stunted root abnormality in onion (Allium cepa L.) using seed priming treatments. Seed Science and Technology, 32(3): 683–92. https://doi.org/10.15258/sst.2004.32.3.04
Thirusendura, S.D., Saraswathy, S. (2018). Seed viability, seed deterioration and seed quality improvements in stored onion seeds: a review. The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology, 93(1): 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1080/14620316.2017.1343103
Wilson, E.A. and Demmig?Adams, B. (2007). Antioxidant, antiinflammatory, and antimicrobial properties of garlic and onions. Nutrition and Food Science, 37(3): 178–83. https://doi.org/10.1108/00346650710749071
Wu, H. and Xu, B. (2014). Inhibitory effects of onion against ?-glucosidase activity and its correlation with phenolic antioxidants. International Journal of Food Properties, 17(3): 599–609. https://doi.org/10.1080/10942 912.2012.654562
Yadav, S.K., Yadava, D.K., Vasudev, S., Yadav, S., Kumar, P.R., Nigam, R . (2013). Assessment of seed quality and oil content in different branches of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea) cultivars at different storage intervals. Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 83(2): 227-233.
Yalamalle, V.R. and Kuchlan, M.K. (2016). Safe storage of onion (Allium cepa L) seeds under moisture impervious packets with fungicide treatment. Environment and Ecology, 34(4D): 2453–57.
Yalamalle, V.R., Ithape, D.M., Kumar, A., Bhagat, K., Ghosh S. and Singh, M. (2020). Seed treatment with 5-azacytidine reduces ageing-induced damage in onion seeds. Seed Science and Technology, 48 (3): 407-412. https://doi.org/10.15258/sst.2020.48.3.09
Yalamalle, V.R. and Tomar, B.S. (2019). Effect of scape regulation on seed yield and quality in onion (Allium cepa). Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 89(1): 56–59.
Yalamalle, V.R., Tomar, B.S., Jain, S.K., Arora, A., Kumar, A. and Munshi, A.D. (2019). Spermine induced protection of onion seed vigour and viability during accelerated ageing. Journal of Environmental Biology, 40(5): 1079–83. http://doi.org/10.22438/jeb/40/5/MRN-1047
Abdul Baki, A.A. and Anderson, J.D. (1973). Vigor determination in soybean seed by multiple criteria. Crop Science, 13(6): 630–33. https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci1973.0011183X001300060013x
Amalfitano, C., Golubkina, N.A., Del Vacchio, L., Russo, G., Cannoniero, M., Somma, S., Morano, G., Cuciniello, A., Caruso, G. (2020). Yield, antioxidant components, oil content, and composition of onion seeds are influenced by planting time and density. Plants, 8: 293. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants8080293
AOCS. (1990). Official Methods and Recommended Practices of the American Oil Chemists Society. 4th ed. Champaign, IIl, USA.
Challier, B., Perarnau, J.M. and Viel, J.F. (1998). Garlic, onion and cereal fibre as protective factors for breast cancer: A French case–control study. European Journal of Epidemiology, 14(8): 737–47. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1007512825851
CODEX. (1999). Codex standard for named vegetable oils (Codex-Stan 210 - 1999). Retrieved November, 1 2020 from http://www.fao.org/input/download/standard s/336/CXS_210e_2015.pdf
Dadlani, M. and P K Agrawal. (1987). Techniques in Seed Science and Technology. South Asian Publishers, New Delhi.
Dini, I., Tenore, G.C. and Dini, A. 2008. Chemical composition, nutritional value and antioxidant properties of Allium caepa L. Var. Tropeana (red onion) seeds. Food Chemistry 107(2): 613–21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2007.08.053
FSSAI . (2015). Manual for Analysis of Oils and Fats. Food safety and standards authority of India Ministry of Health and Family Welfare Government of India New Delhi.
Galavi, A., Hosseinzadeh, H. (2020). The effects of Allium cepa L.(onion) and its active constituents on metabolic syndrome: A review. Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences, 23: 1–14. https://dx.doi.org/10.22038/IJBMS.20 20.46956.10843
Gupta, R.P. and Sharma, H.P. (2014). Onion seed production- scope, challanges and future strategy to meet the demand of quality seed. In Brain Storming Session on Crop Improvement and Seed Production of Onion, Nashik, India: National Horticultural Research and Development Foundation, 1–12.
Iqbal, N., Basra, M.A.S. and Khalil, Rehman-ur. (2002). Evaluation of vigour and oil quality in cottonseed during accelerated ageing. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology, 4(3): 318–22.
Indian minimum seed certification stanadards. (2013). The Central Seed Certification Board
Department of Agriculture and Co-operation Ministry of Agriculture Government of India New Delhi, pp 337-339.
ISTA. (2015). ISTA Rules Full Issue. International Rules for Seed Testing, 2015(1): 1–276.
Kurek, K., Plitta-Michalak, B., Ratajczak, E. (2019). Reactive oxygen species as potential drivers of the seed aging process. Plants, 8: 174. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants8060 174
Michael, Bockisch. (1998). Vegetable fats and oils. In Fats and Oils Handbook, ed. Bockisch Michael. AOCS press, Urbana Illinios, 174–344. https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/B9780981893600500093.
Mollah, M.R.A., Ali, M.A., Prodhan, M.Z.H., Rahman, M.M. and Alam, M.J. (2016). Effect of containers on storability of true seeds of onion. European Journal of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 3(1): 1–4.
Neme, K., Tola, Y.B., Mohammed, A., Tadesse, E. and Astatkie, T. (2020). Effects of variety, storage container, and duration on the physical properties, oil content, germination capacity, and seed loss due to Plodia interpunctella infestation of Ethiopian sesame. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.10691
de Oliveira, R.A.D., da Conceição Neves, S., Ribeiro, L.M., Nascimento Lopes, P.S., Silvério, F.O. (2016). Storage, oil quality and cryopreservation of babassu palm seeds. Industrial Crops and Products 91: 332–39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2016.07.039
Sau, S., Pal, B., Sarkar, S. and Sarkar, T. (2019). Influence of seed priming on germination and seedling vigour of wood apple (Feronia Limonia Swingle). International Journal of Bio-resource and Stress Management, 10(2): 128–36. https://doi.org/10.23910/IJBSM/2019.10.2.1967
Sim, Y.Y. and Nyam, L.K. (2020). Cold pressed onion (Allium Cepa L.) seed oil. In Cold Pressed Oils, Elsevier, 295–307. https://doi.org/10.1016/C2018-0-03151-5
Sobolewska, D., Michalska, K., Podolak, I. and Grabowska, K. (2016). Steroidal saponins from the genus Allium. Phytochemistry Reviews, 15(1): 1–35. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11101-014-9381-1
Tajbakhsh, M., Brown, P., Gracie, A., Spurr, C., Donovan, N., Clark, R.J. (2004). Mitigation of stunted root abnormality in onion (Allium cepa L.) using seed priming treatments. Seed Science and Technology, 32(3): 683–92. https://doi.org/10.15258/sst.2004.32.3.04
Thirusendura, S.D., Saraswathy, S. (2018). Seed viability, seed deterioration and seed quality improvements in stored onion seeds: a review. The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology, 93(1): 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1080/14620316.2017.1343103
Wilson, E.A. and Demmig?Adams, B. (2007). Antioxidant, antiinflammatory, and antimicrobial properties of garlic and onions. Nutrition and Food Science, 37(3): 178–83. https://doi.org/10.1108/00346650710749071
Wu, H. and Xu, B. (2014). Inhibitory effects of onion against ?-glucosidase activity and its correlation with phenolic antioxidants. International Journal of Food Properties, 17(3): 599–609. https://doi.org/10.1080/10942 912.2012.654562
Yadav, S.K., Yadava, D.K., Vasudev, S., Yadav, S., Kumar, P.R., Nigam, R . (2013). Assessment of seed quality and oil content in different branches of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea) cultivars at different storage intervals. Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 83(2): 227-233.
Yalamalle, V.R. and Kuchlan, M.K. (2016). Safe storage of onion (Allium cepa L) seeds under moisture impervious packets with fungicide treatment. Environment and Ecology, 34(4D): 2453–57.
Yalamalle, V.R., Ithape, D.M., Kumar, A., Bhagat, K., Ghosh S. and Singh, M. (2020). Seed treatment with 5-azacytidine reduces ageing-induced damage in onion seeds. Seed Science and Technology, 48 (3): 407-412. https://doi.org/10.15258/sst.2020.48.3.09
Yalamalle, V.R. and Tomar, B.S. (2019). Effect of scape regulation on seed yield and quality in onion (Allium cepa). Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 89(1): 56–59.
Yalamalle, V.R., Tomar, B.S., Jain, S.K., Arora, A., Kumar, A. and Munshi, A.D. (2019). Spermine induced protection of onion seed vigour and viability during accelerated ageing. Journal of Environmental Biology, 40(5): 1079–83. http://doi.org/10.22438/jeb/40/5/MRN-1047
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How to Cite
Loss of seed viability in onion (Allium cepa L.) in relation to degradation of lipids during storage. (2020). Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 12(4), 635-640. https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v12i4.2431
