Asafoetida (Ferula asafoetida): A high-value crop suitable for the cold desert of Himachal Pradesh, India
Article Main
Abstract
Asafoetida (Ferula asafoetida) also known as heeng, Devil’s drug, ferula, food of Gods, incense of Devil, stinking gum is an important spice crop belonging to family Apiaceae. It is native to Iran and Afghanistan. Its dried latex (gum oleoresin) is generally used for flavouring curries, sauces, and pickles. Therapeutically, it stimulates the intestinal and respiratory tracts as well as the nervous system. It is beneficial in asthma, whooping cough, and chronic bronchitis. Its essential oil is also used in medicines, food and cosmetic industries. Besides, it is also used as an alternative for pesticides in organic farming. The major constituents of asafoetida are the resin (40–64%), gum (25%) and essential oil (10–17%). The butyl propenyl disulphide is responsible for the aroma of asafoetida. The asaresinotannol is the major constituent present in the resin. It can be grown on unproductive cold deserts of dry temperate areas of Himalayas. It is mainly propagated by seeds. The seeds are sown either in winters or spring. It becomes ready for harvesting after 5 years of planting and yields around 900g per plant. The oleo gum resin and essential oil derived from this plant are sold at premium prices in the international market. The small and marginal farmers of Kinnaur, Lahaul-Spiti and Chamba can benefit from this new emerging crop.
Article Details
Article Details
Keywords
Asafoetida, Apiaceae, Ferula asafoetida, Hing, Oleo gum resin
References
Al-Awadi, F.M., Khattar, M.A. and Gumaa, K.A. (1985). On the mechanism of the hypoglycaemic effect of a plant extract. Diabetologia, 28 : 432-434. https://doi.org/10.10 07/BF00280886
Ali, Aziz (2019). On farm cultivation of economically important medicinal and aromatic plants for rural livelihood improvement in Chitral, Northern Pakistan. Examines Mar. Biol. Oceanogr., 2(5) : ABB.00549.2019. http:// doi:10.3 1031/EIMBO.2019.02.000549.
Alireza Daneshkazemi, Hengameh Zandi, Abdolrahim Davari, Mahmood Vakili, Majid Emtiazi, Reza Lotfi, and Seyed Mohammad Reza Masoumi. (2019). Antimicrobial activity of the essential oil obtained from the seed and oleo-gum-resin of Ferula assa-foetida against oral pathogens. Front Dent, 16(2) : 113–120. http://doi: 10.18502/fid.v16i2.1362.
Anonymous (2017). Compounded Asafoetida, Process Code No, CFTRI.res.in, Retrieved on November 15 2020 https://cftri.res.in/technologies/SFS/compounded_asafoetida.pdf.
Anonymous (2020a). Hing with a home grown zing here is India’s first batch of locally grown asafoetida. The Hindu, Retrieved on November 10 2020, https://www.thehindu.com/life-and-style/food/indias-first-batch-of-homegrown-asafoetida/article33064851.ece.
Anonymous (2020b). Asafoetida, Retrieved on November 15 2020 https://innovativeagriculture.in/horticulture/spices/asafoetida/
Arya, N. (2020). Asafoetida cultivation: This state to cultivate hing worth Rs 40,000 per kg for the first time. Krishi Jagran, http://krishi jagran-com.cdn.ampproject.org/v/s/krishijagran.com/agriculture-world.
Bagheri, S.M., Yadegari, M., Zare-Mohazabiye, F., Momeni-Asl, H., Mirjalili, A., Anvari, M. and Behpour, M. (2018). Effect of Ferula assa foetida oleo-gum resin on gastric ulcer in indomethacin-ulcerated rats. J Curr. Res. Sci.Med., 4:42-46. http://doi: www.jcrsmed.org/text.as p/2018/4/1/42/233196.
Bahrami, G., Soltani, R., Sajjadi, S.E., Kanai, M.R. Naderi, R., Ghiasvand, N. and Shokoohinia, Y. (2012). Essential oil composition of Ferula assa-foetida L. fruits from Western Iran. Journal of Reports in Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1(1): 7-18.
Barat Ali Gholami and Faravani Mahdi. (2014). Influences of different cutting methods and number of cuts on the growth and production of rubber of the plant Ferula assa-foetida. Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 59( 1): 35-44.
Boyd, L.J. (1928). The pharmacology of the homeopathic drugs. I. J. Am. Inst. Homeopathy, 21(7):
Chittendon, F. (1956). RHS Dictionary of Plants plus Supplement. Oxford University Press. UK.
Damanch, N.E. and Sharafatmandrad, M. (2017). Assessing the effects of different incision techniques on Ferula asafoetida properties. Journal of Rangeland Science, 7 (1) : 45-53.
Dikshit, A. and Husain, A. (1984). Antifungal action of some essential oils against animal pathogens. Fitoterapia, 55 : 171-176.
Dissanayake, K.G.C. and Perera, W.P.R.T. (2020). Medicinal importance of Ferula asafoetida oligo gum resin against infective diseases. Journal of Medicinal Plants Studies, 8(2): 135-139.
Divya, K., Ramalakshmi, K., Murthy, P.S. and Mohan Rao, L.J. (2014). Volatile oils from Ferula asafoetida varieties and their microbial activity. LWT- Food Science and Technology, 59(2) : 774-779. http://doi:10.1016/j.lwt.2014.07.013.
Dutt, N.B. (1928). Commercial Drugs of India. Thacker, Spink & Co., Calcutta and Simla.
El-Deeb, H.K., Khadrawy, F.M., Abd El-Hameid, A.K. (2012). Inhibitory effect of Ferula asafoetida L.(Umbelliferae) on Blastocystis sp. subtype 3 growth in vitro. Parasitol. Res.,111 : 1213-1221.
Garg, D.K., Banerjea, A.C. and Verma, J. (1980). The role of intestinal Clostridia and the effect of asafoetida (Hing) and alcohol in flatulence. Indian J Microbiol. 20 : 194-197.
George, C.K. (2012). Asafetida. Handbook of Herbs and Spices, 2nd Ed. Volume 2. https://doi.org/10.1533/9780857095688.151
Gholami, B.A. and Faravani, M. (2014). Effects of different cutting methods and times of cutting on growth performance and gum resin production of Ferula assafoetida. Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 59(1) : 35-44. http:// doi:10.2298/JAS1401035G.
Giri, S.K., Prasad, N., Pandey, S.K., Prasad, M and Babloo, B. (2008). Natural Resins and gums of commercial importance- At a glance. Technical Bulletin, Indian Institute of Natural Resins and Gums, ICAR, pp 35-36.
Golmohammadi, Faehood (2016). Ferula assa-foetida as a main medicinal plant in East of Iran (Harvesting, main characteristics and economical importance). Journal of Progressive Agriculture, 7(2) : 1-15.
Gopalan, C., Rama Sastri B.V., Balasubramanian, S.C., Rao Narasinga B.S., Deosthale Y.G. and Pant K.C., (1996). Nutritive Value of Indian Foods. Pub. National Institute of Nutrition, (I.C.M.R.), Hyderabad pp 1-156.
Gopi, S., Amalraj, A., Jude, S., Varma, K., Sreeraj, T.R., Haponiul, Jozef T. and Thomas, S. (2017). Preparation, characterization and anticolitis activity of curcumin asafoetida complex encapsulated in turmeric nanofiber. Mater Sci. Eng. C. Mater Biol. Appl., 81(1):20-31. http://doi:10.1016/j.msec.2017.07.037.
Gundamaraju, R. (2013). Evaluation of anti-helmintic activity of Ferula foetida “Hing- A natural Indian Spice” aqueous extract. Asian Pac. J. Trop. Dis.,3:189-191.
Hadavand, M.H. and Hasanloo, T. (2014). Assessment of chemical composition of essential oil of F. assa-foetida oleo gum resin from two different sites of Yazd province in the center of Iran. Research J. Pharmacognosy, 1(2):51-54.
Hamid, N. (2019). Heeng cultivation: Untrapped agripreneurship opportunity in J&K. Greater Kashmir, January 8, 2019 Retrieved on September 29, 2020 from https://www.greaterkashmir.com/news/opinion.
Handa, S.S. and Kapoor, V.K. (1987). Pharmacognosy. Vallabh Prakashan, New Delhi, pp 52.
Hassanabadi, M., Mohsen Ebrahimi, Mostafa, F. and Ata, D. (2019). Variation in essential oil components among Iranian Ferula assafoetida L. accessions. Industrial Crops and Products, 140. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.20 19.111598.
Hassani, B., Saboora, A., Radjabian, T., and Fallah Husseini, H. (2009). Effects of temperature, GA3 and Cytokinins on breaking seed dormancy of Ferula assa-foetida L. Iranian Journal of Science and Technology (Sciences), 33(1):, 75-85.
Illuri, R., Venkataramana, S.H., Daguet, D. and Kodimule, S. (2019). Sub acute and acute toxicity of Ferula asafoetida and Silybum marianum formulation and effect of the formation on delaying gastric emptying. BMC complementary and Alternative Medicine, 19(1):159. http:// doi:10.1186/s12906-019-2576-7.
Iranshahy, M. and Iranshahi, M. (2011). Traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology of asafoetida (Ferula assafoetida oleo-gum-resin)—A review, Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 134(1):, 1–10.
Jafari, S.H., Sepehry, Adel., Soltanloo, H. and Karimian, A.A. (2019). Effect of topography and soil properties on distribution of Ferula pseudalliacea (Bitter Asafoetida) in Yazd Province. Iran Journal of Rangeland Science, 9(2): 184-195.
Javaid, R., Javed, G., Javaid, R., Anju, Ahmed, F and Khan, A.A. (2020). Hing (Ferula foetida Regel.): A potent Unani herb with its descriptive parameters of pharmacognosy and pharmacology: A review. Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics, 10 (5):362-367. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v10i5.4372.
John, D. (1984). One hundred useful raw drugs of the Kani tribes of Trivandrum forest division, Kerala, India. Int. J. Crude Drug Res., 22 : 17-89.
Joshi, P. (1991). Herbal drugs used in Guinea worm disease by the tribals of southern Rajasthan (India). Int. J. Pharmacog., 29: 33-38.
Kamboj, V.P. (1988). A review of Indian medicinal plants with interceptive activity. Indian J. Med. Res., 3: 336-355
Karimi, A., Andrea Krahmer, Herwig, N., Hadian, J and Torsten, S. H. (2020). Metabolomics approaches for analyzing effects of geographic and environmental factors on the variation of root essential oils of F. assa-foetida. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 68(37) : 9940-9952. http://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.Oc03681.
Karimian, V., Sepehry, A., Barani, H., Ebrahimi, S.W. and Mirjalili, M.H. (2020). Productivity, essential oil variability and antioxidant activity of Ferula assa-foetida L.oleo gum resin during the plant exploitation period. Journal of Essential Oil Research, 32(6): 545-555. http:// doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2020.1794988.
Kavoosi, G. and Rowshan, V. (2013). Chemical composition, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of essential oil obtained from Ferula assa-foetida oleo-gum resin: Effect of collection time. Food Chemistry, 138: 2180–2187.
Keshri, G., Lakshmi, V., Singh, M.M. and Kamboj, V.P. (1999). Post coital antifertility activity of Ferula assa-foetida extract in female rats. Pharm. Biol., 37: 273-276.
Lal, Chaman and Verma, L.R. (2006). Use of certain bioproducts for insect-pest control. Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge, 5(1); 79-82.
Mahendra, P and Bist, S. (2012). Ferula asafoetida: Traditional uses and pharmacological activity. Pharmacognosy Reviews, 6(12): 141-6. https://doi: 10.4103/0973-7847.99948
Mansour Esmailidehaj, Mohadeseh Kakoo, Mohammad Ebrahim Rezvani, and Mohammad Hossein Mosaddeghmehrjardi. (2014). Pretreatment with Assafoetida exerts dose-dependent dual effects on rat hearts. Pharmacogn Mag.,10(38): 147–153.
Mansurov, M.M. (1967). Effect of Ferula asafoetida on the blood coagulability. Meditsinskii Zhurnaluzbekistana, 6:46-49.
Meena, R.K. Singh, Y.V., Bana, R.S.,Nath, C.P. and Kaur, R. (2013). Pests and diseasemanagement in organic crop production systems. Popular Kheti, 1(4) : 164-170.
Mellati, F., Parsa, M., and Lalehgani, B. (2011). Evaluation of Germination Behaviour and Sowing Date in Dorema, Asafetida and Galbanum. Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research, 8(3): 521-530. https://doi.org/10.22067/gsc.v8i3.7771
Moghadam, F.M., Dehghan, M., Zarepur, E., Dehlavi, R., Ghaseminia, F., Ehsani, S., Mohammadzadeh, G. and Barzegar, K. (2014). Oleo gum resin of Ferula assa-foetida L. ameliorates peripheral neuropathy in mice. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 154 (1) : 183-189. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2014.03.069.
Moghaddam, M. and Farhadi. N. (2015). Influence of environmental and genetic factors on resin yield, essential oil content and chemical composition of Ferula assa-foetida L. populations. Journal of Applied Research on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 2(3): 69-76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jarmap.2015.04.001.
Moghaddam, S.G.M., Kianmehr, M. and Khazdair, M.R. (2020). The possible therapeutic effects of some medicinal plants for chronic cough in children. Evid based complement Alternat. Med., http://doi:10.1155/2020/21493 28.ecollection2020.
Mozaffarian, V. (1983). The family of umbelliferae-Iran key and distribution. Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands Press, Tehran, pp 114-116.
Mozaffarian, V. (1996). A Dictionary of Iranian Plant Names, Farhang-e Moaser, Tehran.
Nadjafi, Farsad., Bannayan, Mohammad., Tabrizi, Leila and Rastgoo, Mehdi. (2006). Seed germination and dormancy breaking techniques for Ferula gummosa and Teucrium polium. Journal of Arid Environments, 64: 542-547. http://doi :10.1016/j.jaridenv.2005.06.009
Nigam, U. and Sachan, S. (2013). Evaluation of Ferula assafoetida for its anticancer activity in different countries. J. Pharmacogn. Phytochem., 2 (4):74-76.
Noorani, A.M., Abro, G.H., Khuhro, R.D. and Buriro, A.S. (2016). Efficacy of bio pesticides for management of sucking insect pests of cotton: Gossypium hirsutum (L.). Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 12: 306-313.
Nowruzian A, Masoumian M, Ebrahimi M A, Bakhshi khaniki G R. (2017). Effect of Breaking Dormancy Treatments on Germination of Ferula assa-foetida Seed. Iranian J. Seed Res., 3 (2) :155-169. URL: http://yujs.yu.ac.ir/jisr/article-1-215-en.html.
Omid Beygi, R. and Pirmoradei, M.R. (2006). A study of the effect of root diameter and incision time on gum yield in medicinal rangeland asafoetida (Ferula asafoetida L.) plant. Iranian Journal of Natural Resources, 59(1):261-269.
Otroshy, M., Zamani, A., Khodambashi, M., Ebrahimi, M., and Struik, P.C. (2009). Effect of exogenous hormones and chilling on dormancy breaking of seeds of Asafoetida (Ferula assa - foetida L.). Research Journal of Seed Science, 2(1) : 9-15.
Pandey, Ajai. (2008). A Hand Book of Ayurveda. http:// doi:10.13140/2.1.4940.3845.
Panwar, R., Rana, S., Dhawan, D.K. and Prasad, K.K. (2015). Chemopreventive efficacy of Ferula asafoetida oleo gum resin against 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) induced rat colon carcinogenesis. The Journal of Phytopharmacology, 4(6) :282-286. http:// dx.doi.org/10.31254/phyto.
Pardeep, K.U.,Geervani, P. and Eggum, B.O. (1993). Common Indian Spices: nutrient composition,consumption and contribution to dietary value. Plant food for human nutrition, 44(2) : 137-148.
Parsa, S., Mahmoodi, S., Al-Alahmadi, M.J. and Sanjari, G. (2014). Effect of temperature regimes on seed germination of asafoetida (Ferula assa-foetida L.). Plant Breeding and Seed Science, 69(1):59-68. http://doi:10.1515/plass-2015-0006.
Peter, K.V. (2004). Handbook of herbs and spices. Vol 2. CRC Press, Boca Raton, USA.
Pirmoradi, M.R., Omid Beygi, R. Naghavi, M.R., Baghizadeh, A. and Yadollahi, Abba. (2013). Effect of elevation and different treatments on asafoetida (Ferula assa-foetida L.) seed germination. J. Iran. Crop. Sci.43:463-471. (In Farsi)
Pruthi, J.S. (1976). Spices and condiments. National Book Trust, India, New Delhi. pp 1-269.
Rau, M.A., (1975). High altitude flowering plants of West Himalaya. Botanical Survey of India, Howrah-1.
Reza, P.M., Moghaddam Mohammad and Yazdani, N. (2015).The effect of different irrigation treatments on resin yield, essential oil content, morphological traits and survival of better asafoetida (Ferula asafoetida L.). Journal of Rangeland and watershed management (Iranian J. Natural Resources), 68(1) : 25-34.
Ross, I.A. (2005). Ferula assafoetida. In: Medicinal Plants of the World, Volume 3. Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59259-887-8_6.
Saeidy, S., Nasirpour, A., Keramat, J., Desbrieres, J. and Gillaume, D.L. (2018). Structural characterization and thermal behaviour of a gum extracted from F. asafoetida L. Carbohydrate Polymers, 181: 426-432.
Salehi, M., Naghavi, M.R. and Bahmankar, M. (2019). A review of Ferula species: Biochemical characteristics pharmaceutical and industrial applications and suggestions for biotechnologists. Industrial Crops and Products, 139:111511. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2019.111511.
Santapau, H. and Henry, A.N. (1973). A Dictionary of the flowering Plants in India, CSIR, New-Delhi. 198 pp.
Sarkisyan, R.G. (1969). Effect of Ferula on arterial pressure. Meditsinskii Zhurnal Uzbekistana: 23-24.
Seyed Hashemi, M., Lofti, M.H., Hemat, H., Mousavi, Z., Emtiazy, M. and Vaziri, F. (2019). The efficacy of asafoetida (Ferula assa-foetida oleo-gum resin) versus chlorhexidine gluconate mouthwash on dental plaque and gingivitis: A randomized double blind controlled trial. European Journal of Integrative Medicine, 29:1876-3820. http://doi:org/10.1016/j.eujim.2019.100929.
Shah, N.C. and Zare, Amir (2014). Asafoetida (Heeng): The well known medicinal-condiment of India and Iran. The Scitech Journal, 1(3): 30-36.
Shereen, K. Ali., Ahmed, R. H.amed, Maha, M. S.oltan, Usama, M. Hegazy, Esameldin, E. El.,gorashi, Ibrahim, A. El-Garf, and Ahmed, A. Hussein. (2013). In-vitro evaluation of selected Egyptian traditional herbal medicines for treatment of alzheimer disease. BMC Complement Altern Med., 13:121.
Soni, K.B., Rajan, A. and Kuttan, R. (1992). Reversal of aflatoxin induced liver damage by turmeric and curcumin. Cancer Lett., 66:115-21.
Sultana, Asma K., Khaleequr Rahman, Rahman Shafeequr (2015).Oleo-gum-resin of Ferula asafoetida: A traditional culinary spice with versatile pharmacological activities. Res. J. Recent Sci., 4:, Issue (IVC-2015), 6-22.
Takeoka, G. (2001). Volatile constituents of Asafoetida. In: Takeoka G.R., Guntert, M., Engel K.H., eds. Aroma Active Compounds in Foods,. American Chemical Society, Washington DC: American Chemical Society, pp 33- 44.
Tehri, G.H. (2016). Effect of chitosan spraying on physiological characteristics of Ferula flabelliloba (Apiaceae) under drought stress. Iranian J. Field Crops Research, 13(4):728-737.
Thayagaraja, N. and Hosono, A. (1996). Effect of spice extract on fungal inhibition. Food Sci Technol., (London), 29: 286-8.
Tiwari, K.C., Majumder, R. and Bhattacharjee, S. (1979). Folklore medicines from Assam and Arunachal Pradesh (district Tirap). Int. J. Crude Drug Res., 17:61-67.
Unnikrishnan, M.C. and Kuttan, R. (1988). Cytotoxicity of extracts of spices to cultured cells. Nutr Cancer, 11 : 251-7.
Unnikrishnan, M.C. and Kuttan, R. (1990). Tumour reducing and anti-carcinogenic activity of selected spices. Cancer Lett., 51 :85-9.
Upadhyay, P.K., Singh, S. Agarwal, G. and Vishwakarma, V.K. (2017). Pharmacological activities and therapeutic uses of resins obtained from Ferula asafoetida Linn.: A review. International Journal of Green Pharmacy, 11(2) : 240-247.
Varmazyar, Fatemeh., Melati, Feraidon., Kamalodin, Naseri and Mehdi, Rastgoo. (2013). Effect of sowing dates and depths on emergence characteristics and tuber production of medico-industrial Ferula assa-foetida. 2nd National Congress on Medicinal Plants, 15-16 May, 2013, Tehran, Iran.
Venkataraghavan, S. and Sundaresan, T.P. (1981). A short note on contraceptives in Ayurveda. J. Sci. Res. Pl. Med., 2 : 39.
Wallis, T.E. (2004). Textbook of Pharmacognosy 5th Ed. CBS Publisher, New York, pp 503–5.
Yaqoob, Ubaid and Nawchoo, Irshad Ahmad. (2016). Distribution and Taxonomy of Ferula L: A Review. Research & Reviews: Journal of Botany, 5(3) :15-23.
Zangoie, M., Parsa, S., Mahmoodi, S., Jamialahmaddi, M. (2012). Evaluation of cardinal temperature for germination of Asafoetida (Ferula assafoetida L.) seed. Journal of Plant Production (Journal of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources), 19(3) :193-202.
Zare, A.R., Solouki, M., Omidi, M., Irvani, N., Abbasabadi, A.O. and Nezad, N.M. (2011). Effect of various treatments on seed germination and dormancy breaking in Ferula
Ali, Aziz (2019). On farm cultivation of economically important medicinal and aromatic plants for rural livelihood improvement in Chitral, Northern Pakistan. Examines Mar. Biol. Oceanogr., 2(5) : ABB.00549.2019. http:// doi:10.3 1031/EIMBO.2019.02.000549.
Alireza Daneshkazemi, Hengameh Zandi, Abdolrahim Davari, Mahmood Vakili, Majid Emtiazi, Reza Lotfi, and Seyed Mohammad Reza Masoumi. (2019). Antimicrobial activity of the essential oil obtained from the seed and oleo-gum-resin of Ferula assa-foetida against oral pathogens. Front Dent, 16(2) : 113–120. http://doi: 10.18502/fid.v16i2.1362.
Anonymous (2017). Compounded Asafoetida, Process Code No, CFTRI.res.in, Retrieved on November 15 2020 https://cftri.res.in/technologies/SFS/compounded_asafoetida.pdf.
Anonymous (2020a). Hing with a home grown zing here is India’s first batch of locally grown asafoetida. The Hindu, Retrieved on November 10 2020, https://www.thehindu.com/life-and-style/food/indias-first-batch-of-homegrown-asafoetida/article33064851.ece.
Anonymous (2020b). Asafoetida, Retrieved on November 15 2020 https://innovativeagriculture.in/horticulture/spices/asafoetida/
Arya, N. (2020). Asafoetida cultivation: This state to cultivate hing worth Rs 40,000 per kg for the first time. Krishi Jagran, http://krishi jagran-com.cdn.ampproject.org/v/s/krishijagran.com/agriculture-world.
Bagheri, S.M., Yadegari, M., Zare-Mohazabiye, F., Momeni-Asl, H., Mirjalili, A., Anvari, M. and Behpour, M. (2018). Effect of Ferula assa foetida oleo-gum resin on gastric ulcer in indomethacin-ulcerated rats. J Curr. Res. Sci.Med., 4:42-46. http://doi: www.jcrsmed.org/text.as p/2018/4/1/42/233196.
Bahrami, G., Soltani, R., Sajjadi, S.E., Kanai, M.R. Naderi, R., Ghiasvand, N. and Shokoohinia, Y. (2012). Essential oil composition of Ferula assa-foetida L. fruits from Western Iran. Journal of Reports in Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1(1): 7-18.
Barat Ali Gholami and Faravani Mahdi. (2014). Influences of different cutting methods and number of cuts on the growth and production of rubber of the plant Ferula assa-foetida. Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 59( 1): 35-44.
Boyd, L.J. (1928). The pharmacology of the homeopathic drugs. I. J. Am. Inst. Homeopathy, 21(7):
Chittendon, F. (1956). RHS Dictionary of Plants plus Supplement. Oxford University Press. UK.
Damanch, N.E. and Sharafatmandrad, M. (2017). Assessing the effects of different incision techniques on Ferula asafoetida properties. Journal of Rangeland Science, 7 (1) : 45-53.
Dikshit, A. and Husain, A. (1984). Antifungal action of some essential oils against animal pathogens. Fitoterapia, 55 : 171-176.
Dissanayake, K.G.C. and Perera, W.P.R.T. (2020). Medicinal importance of Ferula asafoetida oligo gum resin against infective diseases. Journal of Medicinal Plants Studies, 8(2): 135-139.
Divya, K., Ramalakshmi, K., Murthy, P.S. and Mohan Rao, L.J. (2014). Volatile oils from Ferula asafoetida varieties and their microbial activity. LWT- Food Science and Technology, 59(2) : 774-779. http://doi:10.1016/j.lwt.2014.07.013.
Dutt, N.B. (1928). Commercial Drugs of India. Thacker, Spink & Co., Calcutta and Simla.
El-Deeb, H.K., Khadrawy, F.M., Abd El-Hameid, A.K. (2012). Inhibitory effect of Ferula asafoetida L.(Umbelliferae) on Blastocystis sp. subtype 3 growth in vitro. Parasitol. Res.,111 : 1213-1221.
Garg, D.K., Banerjea, A.C. and Verma, J. (1980). The role of intestinal Clostridia and the effect of asafoetida (Hing) and alcohol in flatulence. Indian J Microbiol. 20 : 194-197.
George, C.K. (2012). Asafetida. Handbook of Herbs and Spices, 2nd Ed. Volume 2. https://doi.org/10.1533/9780857095688.151
Gholami, B.A. and Faravani, M. (2014). Effects of different cutting methods and times of cutting on growth performance and gum resin production of Ferula assafoetida. Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 59(1) : 35-44. http:// doi:10.2298/JAS1401035G.
Giri, S.K., Prasad, N., Pandey, S.K., Prasad, M and Babloo, B. (2008). Natural Resins and gums of commercial importance- At a glance. Technical Bulletin, Indian Institute of Natural Resins and Gums, ICAR, pp 35-36.
Golmohammadi, Faehood (2016). Ferula assa-foetida as a main medicinal plant in East of Iran (Harvesting, main characteristics and economical importance). Journal of Progressive Agriculture, 7(2) : 1-15.
Gopalan, C., Rama Sastri B.V., Balasubramanian, S.C., Rao Narasinga B.S., Deosthale Y.G. and Pant K.C., (1996). Nutritive Value of Indian Foods. Pub. National Institute of Nutrition, (I.C.M.R.), Hyderabad pp 1-156.
Gopi, S., Amalraj, A., Jude, S., Varma, K., Sreeraj, T.R., Haponiul, Jozef T. and Thomas, S. (2017). Preparation, characterization and anticolitis activity of curcumin asafoetida complex encapsulated in turmeric nanofiber. Mater Sci. Eng. C. Mater Biol. Appl., 81(1):20-31. http://doi:10.1016/j.msec.2017.07.037.
Gundamaraju, R. (2013). Evaluation of anti-helmintic activity of Ferula foetida “Hing- A natural Indian Spice” aqueous extract. Asian Pac. J. Trop. Dis.,3:189-191.
Hadavand, M.H. and Hasanloo, T. (2014). Assessment of chemical composition of essential oil of F. assa-foetida oleo gum resin from two different sites of Yazd province in the center of Iran. Research J. Pharmacognosy, 1(2):51-54.
Hamid, N. (2019). Heeng cultivation: Untrapped agripreneurship opportunity in J&K. Greater Kashmir, January 8, 2019 Retrieved on September 29, 2020 from https://www.greaterkashmir.com/news/opinion.
Handa, S.S. and Kapoor, V.K. (1987). Pharmacognosy. Vallabh Prakashan, New Delhi, pp 52.
Hassanabadi, M., Mohsen Ebrahimi, Mostafa, F. and Ata, D. (2019). Variation in essential oil components among Iranian Ferula assafoetida L. accessions. Industrial Crops and Products, 140. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.20 19.111598.
Hassani, B., Saboora, A., Radjabian, T., and Fallah Husseini, H. (2009). Effects of temperature, GA3 and Cytokinins on breaking seed dormancy of Ferula assa-foetida L. Iranian Journal of Science and Technology (Sciences), 33(1):, 75-85.
Illuri, R., Venkataramana, S.H., Daguet, D. and Kodimule, S. (2019). Sub acute and acute toxicity of Ferula asafoetida and Silybum marianum formulation and effect of the formation on delaying gastric emptying. BMC complementary and Alternative Medicine, 19(1):159. http:// doi:10.1186/s12906-019-2576-7.
Iranshahy, M. and Iranshahi, M. (2011). Traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology of asafoetida (Ferula assafoetida oleo-gum-resin)—A review, Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 134(1):, 1–10.
Jafari, S.H., Sepehry, Adel., Soltanloo, H. and Karimian, A.A. (2019). Effect of topography and soil properties on distribution of Ferula pseudalliacea (Bitter Asafoetida) in Yazd Province. Iran Journal of Rangeland Science, 9(2): 184-195.
Javaid, R., Javed, G., Javaid, R., Anju, Ahmed, F and Khan, A.A. (2020). Hing (Ferula foetida Regel.): A potent Unani herb with its descriptive parameters of pharmacognosy and pharmacology: A review. Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics, 10 (5):362-367. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v10i5.4372.
John, D. (1984). One hundred useful raw drugs of the Kani tribes of Trivandrum forest division, Kerala, India. Int. J. Crude Drug Res., 22 : 17-89.
Joshi, P. (1991). Herbal drugs used in Guinea worm disease by the tribals of southern Rajasthan (India). Int. J. Pharmacog., 29: 33-38.
Kamboj, V.P. (1988). A review of Indian medicinal plants with interceptive activity. Indian J. Med. Res., 3: 336-355
Karimi, A., Andrea Krahmer, Herwig, N., Hadian, J and Torsten, S. H. (2020). Metabolomics approaches for analyzing effects of geographic and environmental factors on the variation of root essential oils of F. assa-foetida. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 68(37) : 9940-9952. http://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.Oc03681.
Karimian, V., Sepehry, A., Barani, H., Ebrahimi, S.W. and Mirjalili, M.H. (2020). Productivity, essential oil variability and antioxidant activity of Ferula assa-foetida L.oleo gum resin during the plant exploitation period. Journal of Essential Oil Research, 32(6): 545-555. http:// doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2020.1794988.
Kavoosi, G. and Rowshan, V. (2013). Chemical composition, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of essential oil obtained from Ferula assa-foetida oleo-gum resin: Effect of collection time. Food Chemistry, 138: 2180–2187.
Keshri, G., Lakshmi, V., Singh, M.M. and Kamboj, V.P. (1999). Post coital antifertility activity of Ferula assa-foetida extract in female rats. Pharm. Biol., 37: 273-276.
Lal, Chaman and Verma, L.R. (2006). Use of certain bioproducts for insect-pest control. Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge, 5(1); 79-82.
Mahendra, P and Bist, S. (2012). Ferula asafoetida: Traditional uses and pharmacological activity. Pharmacognosy Reviews, 6(12): 141-6. https://doi: 10.4103/0973-7847.99948
Mansour Esmailidehaj, Mohadeseh Kakoo, Mohammad Ebrahim Rezvani, and Mohammad Hossein Mosaddeghmehrjardi. (2014). Pretreatment with Assafoetida exerts dose-dependent dual effects on rat hearts. Pharmacogn Mag.,10(38): 147–153.
Mansurov, M.M. (1967). Effect of Ferula asafoetida on the blood coagulability. Meditsinskii Zhurnaluzbekistana, 6:46-49.
Meena, R.K. Singh, Y.V., Bana, R.S.,Nath, C.P. and Kaur, R. (2013). Pests and diseasemanagement in organic crop production systems. Popular Kheti, 1(4) : 164-170.
Mellati, F., Parsa, M., and Lalehgani, B. (2011). Evaluation of Germination Behaviour and Sowing Date in Dorema, Asafetida and Galbanum. Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research, 8(3): 521-530. https://doi.org/10.22067/gsc.v8i3.7771
Moghadam, F.M., Dehghan, M., Zarepur, E., Dehlavi, R., Ghaseminia, F., Ehsani, S., Mohammadzadeh, G. and Barzegar, K. (2014). Oleo gum resin of Ferula assa-foetida L. ameliorates peripheral neuropathy in mice. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 154 (1) : 183-189. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2014.03.069.
Moghaddam, M. and Farhadi. N. (2015). Influence of environmental and genetic factors on resin yield, essential oil content and chemical composition of Ferula assa-foetida L. populations. Journal of Applied Research on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 2(3): 69-76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jarmap.2015.04.001.
Moghaddam, S.G.M., Kianmehr, M. and Khazdair, M.R. (2020). The possible therapeutic effects of some medicinal plants for chronic cough in children. Evid based complement Alternat. Med., http://doi:10.1155/2020/21493 28.ecollection2020.
Mozaffarian, V. (1983). The family of umbelliferae-Iran key and distribution. Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands Press, Tehran, pp 114-116.
Mozaffarian, V. (1996). A Dictionary of Iranian Plant Names, Farhang-e Moaser, Tehran.
Nadjafi, Farsad., Bannayan, Mohammad., Tabrizi, Leila and Rastgoo, Mehdi. (2006). Seed germination and dormancy breaking techniques for Ferula gummosa and Teucrium polium. Journal of Arid Environments, 64: 542-547. http://doi :10.1016/j.jaridenv.2005.06.009
Nigam, U. and Sachan, S. (2013). Evaluation of Ferula assafoetida for its anticancer activity in different countries. J. Pharmacogn. Phytochem., 2 (4):74-76.
Noorani, A.M., Abro, G.H., Khuhro, R.D. and Buriro, A.S. (2016). Efficacy of bio pesticides for management of sucking insect pests of cotton: Gossypium hirsutum (L.). Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 12: 306-313.
Nowruzian A, Masoumian M, Ebrahimi M A, Bakhshi khaniki G R. (2017). Effect of Breaking Dormancy Treatments on Germination of Ferula assa-foetida Seed. Iranian J. Seed Res., 3 (2) :155-169. URL: http://yujs.yu.ac.ir/jisr/article-1-215-en.html.
Omid Beygi, R. and Pirmoradei, M.R. (2006). A study of the effect of root diameter and incision time on gum yield in medicinal rangeland asafoetida (Ferula asafoetida L.) plant. Iranian Journal of Natural Resources, 59(1):261-269.
Otroshy, M., Zamani, A., Khodambashi, M., Ebrahimi, M., and Struik, P.C. (2009). Effect of exogenous hormones and chilling on dormancy breaking of seeds of Asafoetida (Ferula assa - foetida L.). Research Journal of Seed Science, 2(1) : 9-15.
Pandey, Ajai. (2008). A Hand Book of Ayurveda. http:// doi:10.13140/2.1.4940.3845.
Panwar, R., Rana, S., Dhawan, D.K. and Prasad, K.K. (2015). Chemopreventive efficacy of Ferula asafoetida oleo gum resin against 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) induced rat colon carcinogenesis. The Journal of Phytopharmacology, 4(6) :282-286. http:// dx.doi.org/10.31254/phyto.
Pardeep, K.U.,Geervani, P. and Eggum, B.O. (1993). Common Indian Spices: nutrient composition,consumption and contribution to dietary value. Plant food for human nutrition, 44(2) : 137-148.
Parsa, S., Mahmoodi, S., Al-Alahmadi, M.J. and Sanjari, G. (2014). Effect of temperature regimes on seed germination of asafoetida (Ferula assa-foetida L.). Plant Breeding and Seed Science, 69(1):59-68. http://doi:10.1515/plass-2015-0006.
Peter, K.V. (2004). Handbook of herbs and spices. Vol 2. CRC Press, Boca Raton, USA.
Pirmoradi, M.R., Omid Beygi, R. Naghavi, M.R., Baghizadeh, A. and Yadollahi, Abba. (2013). Effect of elevation and different treatments on asafoetida (Ferula assa-foetida L.) seed germination. J. Iran. Crop. Sci.43:463-471. (In Farsi)
Pruthi, J.S. (1976). Spices and condiments. National Book Trust, India, New Delhi. pp 1-269.
Rau, M.A., (1975). High altitude flowering plants of West Himalaya. Botanical Survey of India, Howrah-1.
Reza, P.M., Moghaddam Mohammad and Yazdani, N. (2015).The effect of different irrigation treatments on resin yield, essential oil content, morphological traits and survival of better asafoetida (Ferula asafoetida L.). Journal of Rangeland and watershed management (Iranian J. Natural Resources), 68(1) : 25-34.
Ross, I.A. (2005). Ferula assafoetida. In: Medicinal Plants of the World, Volume 3. Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59259-887-8_6.
Saeidy, S., Nasirpour, A., Keramat, J., Desbrieres, J. and Gillaume, D.L. (2018). Structural characterization and thermal behaviour of a gum extracted from F. asafoetida L. Carbohydrate Polymers, 181: 426-432.
Salehi, M., Naghavi, M.R. and Bahmankar, M. (2019). A review of Ferula species: Biochemical characteristics pharmaceutical and industrial applications and suggestions for biotechnologists. Industrial Crops and Products, 139:111511. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2019.111511.
Santapau, H. and Henry, A.N. (1973). A Dictionary of the flowering Plants in India, CSIR, New-Delhi. 198 pp.
Sarkisyan, R.G. (1969). Effect of Ferula on arterial pressure. Meditsinskii Zhurnal Uzbekistana: 23-24.
Seyed Hashemi, M., Lofti, M.H., Hemat, H., Mousavi, Z., Emtiazy, M. and Vaziri, F. (2019). The efficacy of asafoetida (Ferula assa-foetida oleo-gum resin) versus chlorhexidine gluconate mouthwash on dental plaque and gingivitis: A randomized double blind controlled trial. European Journal of Integrative Medicine, 29:1876-3820. http://doi:org/10.1016/j.eujim.2019.100929.
Shah, N.C. and Zare, Amir (2014). Asafoetida (Heeng): The well known medicinal-condiment of India and Iran. The Scitech Journal, 1(3): 30-36.
Shereen, K. Ali., Ahmed, R. H.amed, Maha, M. S.oltan, Usama, M. Hegazy, Esameldin, E. El.,gorashi, Ibrahim, A. El-Garf, and Ahmed, A. Hussein. (2013). In-vitro evaluation of selected Egyptian traditional herbal medicines for treatment of alzheimer disease. BMC Complement Altern Med., 13:121.
Soni, K.B., Rajan, A. and Kuttan, R. (1992). Reversal of aflatoxin induced liver damage by turmeric and curcumin. Cancer Lett., 66:115-21.
Sultana, Asma K., Khaleequr Rahman, Rahman Shafeequr (2015).Oleo-gum-resin of Ferula asafoetida: A traditional culinary spice with versatile pharmacological activities. Res. J. Recent Sci., 4:, Issue (IVC-2015), 6-22.
Takeoka, G. (2001). Volatile constituents of Asafoetida. In: Takeoka G.R., Guntert, M., Engel K.H., eds. Aroma Active Compounds in Foods,. American Chemical Society, Washington DC: American Chemical Society, pp 33- 44.
Tehri, G.H. (2016). Effect of chitosan spraying on physiological characteristics of Ferula flabelliloba (Apiaceae) under drought stress. Iranian J. Field Crops Research, 13(4):728-737.
Thayagaraja, N. and Hosono, A. (1996). Effect of spice extract on fungal inhibition. Food Sci Technol., (London), 29: 286-8.
Tiwari, K.C., Majumder, R. and Bhattacharjee, S. (1979). Folklore medicines from Assam and Arunachal Pradesh (district Tirap). Int. J. Crude Drug Res., 17:61-67.
Unnikrishnan, M.C. and Kuttan, R. (1988). Cytotoxicity of extracts of spices to cultured cells. Nutr Cancer, 11 : 251-7.
Unnikrishnan, M.C. and Kuttan, R. (1990). Tumour reducing and anti-carcinogenic activity of selected spices. Cancer Lett., 51 :85-9.
Upadhyay, P.K., Singh, S. Agarwal, G. and Vishwakarma, V.K. (2017). Pharmacological activities and therapeutic uses of resins obtained from Ferula asafoetida Linn.: A review. International Journal of Green Pharmacy, 11(2) : 240-247.
Varmazyar, Fatemeh., Melati, Feraidon., Kamalodin, Naseri and Mehdi, Rastgoo. (2013). Effect of sowing dates and depths on emergence characteristics and tuber production of medico-industrial Ferula assa-foetida. 2nd National Congress on Medicinal Plants, 15-16 May, 2013, Tehran, Iran.
Venkataraghavan, S. and Sundaresan, T.P. (1981). A short note on contraceptives in Ayurveda. J. Sci. Res. Pl. Med., 2 : 39.
Wallis, T.E. (2004). Textbook of Pharmacognosy 5th Ed. CBS Publisher, New York, pp 503–5.
Yaqoob, Ubaid and Nawchoo, Irshad Ahmad. (2016). Distribution and Taxonomy of Ferula L: A Review. Research & Reviews: Journal of Botany, 5(3) :15-23.
Zangoie, M., Parsa, S., Mahmoodi, S., Jamialahmaddi, M. (2012). Evaluation of cardinal temperature for germination of Asafoetida (Ferula assafoetida L.) seed. Journal of Plant Production (Journal of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources), 19(3) :193-202.
Zare, A.R., Solouki, M., Omidi, M., Irvani, N., Abbasabadi, A.O. and Nezad, N.M. (2011). Effect of various treatments on seed germination and dormancy breaking in Ferula
Issue
Section
Research Articles
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
This work is licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0) © Author (s)
How to Cite
Asafoetida (Ferula asafoetida): A high-value crop suitable for the cold desert of Himachal Pradesh, India. (2020). Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 12(4), 607-617. https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v12i4.2418
