Asafoetida (Ferula asafoetida): A high-value crop suitable for the cold desert of Himachal Pradesh, India
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Abstract
Asafoetida (Ferula asafoetida) also known as heeng, Devil’s drug, ferula, food of Gods, incense of Devil, stinking gum is an important spice crop belonging to family Apiaceae. It is native to Iran and Afghanistan. Its dried latex (gum oleoresin) is generally used for flavouring curries, sauces, and pickles. Therapeutically, it stimulates the intestinal and respiratory tracts as well as the nervous system. It is beneficial in asthma, whooping cough, and chronic bronchitis. Its essential oil is also used in medicines, food and cosmetic industries. Besides, it is also used as an alternative for pesticides in organic farming. The major constituents of asafoetida are the resin (40–64%), gum (25%) and essential oil (10–17%). The butyl propenyl disulphide is responsible for the aroma of asafoetida. The asaresinotannol is the major constituent present in the resin. It can be grown on unproductive cold deserts of dry temperate areas of Himalayas. It is mainly propagated by seeds. The seeds are sown either in winters or spring. It becomes ready for harvesting after 5 years of planting and yields around 900g per plant. The oleo gum resin and essential oil derived from this plant are sold at premium prices in the international market. The small and marginal farmers of Kinnaur, Lahaul-Spiti and Chamba can benefit from this new emerging crop.
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Keywords
Asafoetida, Apiaceae, Ferula asafoetida, Hing, Oleo gum resin
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Anonymous (2020b). Asafoetida, Retrieved on November 15 2020 https://innovativeagriculture.in/horticulture/spices/asafoetida/
Arya, N. (2020). Asafoetida cultivation: This state to cultivate hing worth Rs 40,000 per kg for the first time. Krishi Jagran, http://krishi jagran-com.cdn.ampproject.org/v/s/krishijagran.com/agriculture-world.
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Damanch, N.E. and Sharafatmandrad, M. (2017). Assessing the effects of different incision techniques on Ferula asafoetida properties. Journal of Rangeland Science, 7 (1) : 45-53.
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Dissanayake, K.G.C. and Perera, W.P.R.T. (2020). Medicinal importance of Ferula asafoetida oligo gum resin against infective diseases. Journal of Medicinal Plants Studies, 8(2): 135-139.
Divya, K., Ramalakshmi, K., Murthy, P.S. and Mohan Rao, L.J. (2014). Volatile oils from Ferula asafoetida varieties and their microbial activity. LWT- Food Science and Technology, 59(2) : 774-779. http://doi:10.1016/j.lwt.2014.07.013.
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Garg, D.K., Banerjea, A.C. and Verma, J. (1980). The role of intestinal Clostridia and the effect of asafoetida (Hing) and alcohol in flatulence. Indian J Microbiol. 20 : 194-197.
George, C.K. (2012). Asafetida. Handbook of Herbs and Spices, 2nd Ed. Volume 2. https://doi.org/10.1533/9780857095688.151
Gholami, B.A. and Faravani, M. (2014). Effects of different cutting methods and times of cutting on growth performance and gum resin production of Ferula assafoetida. Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 59(1) : 35-44. http:// doi:10.2298/JAS1401035G.
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Asafoetida (Ferula asafoetida): A high-value crop suitable for the cold desert of Himachal Pradesh, India. (2020). Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 12(4), 607-617. https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v12i4.2418
