An overview on problems and prospects of transplanted maize with special reference to India
Article Main
Abstract
Transplanting is the technique of moving of a plant from one location to another. This strategy is commonly practiced to establish crops when conditions are less favourable for direct seeding. Birds and squirrels damage to seedlings of maize is a serious problem resulting in poor crop stand and low yield. Delayed germination and plant growth receives a major setback due to late sowing of maize which reduces grain yield; however, reduction of yield can be compensated by transplantation technique. Transplanting of maize is a strategy that can be used to achieve optimum plant densities, better crop stand and obviously to get optimum yield. It reduces the nutrient requirement and also shortens the growth period of crop that helps farmers to harvest a third crop in intensive cropping system. Transplanted crop produces about 15.44% higher grain yield and can be harvested 10-12 days earlier that of direct seeding crop, so, late maturity high yielding cultivars can be fitted in to available growing season. Though, there are several advantages of transplanted maize, it is not popular in India due to lack of awareness, lacking in proper rational scientific technology and very little information about age of seedling and optimum dose of nutrient. Farmers can be benefitted if proper technology regarding age of seedling, process of transplanting and other cultivation techniques of raising transplanted maize is supplied to them.
Article Details
Article Details
Keywords
Farmers, Maize, Transplanting, Problem, Prospect
References
Anonymous (2013). Food outlook-biannual report on global food markets (June 2013). http:// www.fao.org/docrep/018/al999e/al999e.pdf. Accessed on June, 2019.
Anonymous (2015). Transplanted maize taking root. https://www.downtoearth.org.in/ news/ transplanted-maize-taking-root-29809 . Accessed on June, 2019.
Anonymous (2015-16). Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare, Government of India, New Delhi.
Anonymous (2016). Economic survey of India. Area production and yield of major crops. Ministry of Finance, Government of India, New Delhi.
Anonymous (2019). Top 12 largest maize producing countries in the world. http://www. thedailyrecords.com/2018-2019-2020-2021/world-famous-top-10list/world/largest-maize-producing-countries-world-states/6562/#1_United_States. Accessed on June, 2019.
All India Coordination Research Project (AICRP) on Maize, (2007). 50th Annual Report by Directorate of Maize Research, Indian Council of Agriculture Research (ICAR). pp 6 Pusa, New Delhi.
Badran, M. S. S. (2001). Effect of transplanting and seedling age on grain yield and its components of some maize cultivars. Alexandria Journal of Agricultural Research. 46 (2):47-56.
Basu, S. and Sharma, S. (2003). Effect of transplanting on vegetative, floral and seed characters of maize (Zea mays L.) parental lines in spring summer season. Indian Journal of Agricultural Science. 73 (1):44-48.
Biswas, M. (2008). Effect of Seedling Age and Variety on the Yield and Yield Attributes of Transplanted Maize. International Journal of Sustainable Crop Production. 3 (6): 58-63.
Biswas, M. (2015). Direct seeded and transplanted maize: Effects of planting date and age of seedling on the yield and yield attributes. American Journal of Experimental Agriculture .5 (5): 489-497.
Biswas, M., Islam, N., Islam, S. and Ahmed, M. (2009). Seedling raising method for production of transplanted maize. International Journal of Sustainable Crop Production. 4 (2):6-13.
CIMMYT (1989). Winter maize transplanted to rice fields. CIMMYT Informa No. 886.
Dale, A. E., Drennan, S. H. (1997). Transplanted maize (Zea mays L.) for grain production in Southern England. I. Effects of planting date, transplant age at transplanting and cultivar on grain yield. Journal of Agricultural Science. 128: 27- 35.
Dhillon, B. S., Khehra, A. S., Brar, H. S., Sharma, R. K. and Malhotra, V. V. (1990). Transplanting of maize during the winter in India. Agronomy Journal. 82:41–47
Fanadzo, M., Chiduza, C. and Mnkeni, P. N. S. (2009). Comparative response of direct seeded and transplanted maize (Zea mays L.) to nitrogen fertilization at Zanyokwe irrigation scheme, Eastern Cape, South Africa. African Journal of Agricultural Research. 4 (8):689-694.
Hajong, A. (2017). Effect of seedling raising method and age on growth, yield and quality of transplanted maize (Zea mays L.). A M.Sc. thesis submitted to the Department of Agronomy, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri-413 722, Dist-Ahmednagar, Maharastra, India.
Ibrahim, S. M. and Gopalasamy, N. (1989). Effect of age of seedlings on growth and yield of transplanted maize. Madras Agricultural Journal. 76(4):181-183
Khehra, A. S., Brar, H. S., Sharma, R. K., Dhillon, B. S. and Malhotra, V. V. (1990). Transplanting maize during the winter in India. Agronomy Journal. 82: 41-47.
Kumar, S., Shivani, and Kumar, S. (2014). Performance of transplanted maize (Zea mays L.) under varying age of seedling and method of nursery raising in the midlands of eastern region. Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences. 84 (7): 877-882.
Nagbha, C. V. (2017). Feasibility of transplanting rabi maize (Zea mays L.) varieties to varying age of seedling under middle Gujrat condition. A M.Sc. thesis submitted to B. A. college of agriculture, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, 388110.
Porwal, M. K. and Jain, H. K. (1999). Effect of sowing date on winter maize (Zea mays) varieties in command area of southern Rajasthan. Indian Journal of Agronomy. 44 (3):560-563.
Prasad, R. (2016). Textbook of field crops production- food grain crops, Vol-1, pp- 99-100.
Rattin, J., Benedetto, A. D. and Gornatti, T. (2006). The effects of transplant in sweet maize (Zea mays L.) I. growth and yield. International Journal of Agricultural Research. 1 (1):58-67.
Saikumar, R., Kumar, B., Kaul, J., karjagi, C. G., Jat, S. L., Parihar, C. M. and Kumar, A. (2012). Maize research in India-historical prospective and future challenges. Maize Journal. 1 (1):1-6.
Sharma, R. K., Brar, H. S., Khehra, A. S. And Dhillon, B. S. (1989). Gap filling through transplanting during winter. Journal of Agronomy and crop Science. 162: 145-148.
Sánchez, A. P., Rattin, J. and Di Benedetto, A. (2014). Yield increase as influenced by transplanting of sweet maize (Zea mays L. saccharata). American Journal of Experimental Agriculture. 4 (11):1314-1329.
Sangoi, L. (2000). Understanding plant density effects on maize growth and development: an important issue to maximise grain yield. Ciencia Rural. 31:159-168.
Singh, C., Singh, P. and Singh, R. (2012). Modern techniques of raising field crops, 2nd Edition, pp.84.
Singh, H. (2005). Agronomic management of transplanted winter maize (Zea mays L.) for higher productivity. A Ph.D. Thesis submitted to the Department of Agronomy and Agrometeorology, College of Agriculture, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana- 141 004.
Sobarad, P. M. (1997). Studies on direct seeded and transplanted maize (Zea mays L.) under different dates of planting and nitrogen levels. A Ph. D. thesis submitted to the Division of Agronomy, IARI, New Delhi.
Waters, L., Burrows, R. L., Bennet, M. A. and Schoenecker, J. (1990). Seed moisture and transplant management techniques influence sweet corn stand establishment, growth development and yield. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science. 8: 60-68.
Van, A. W., Marete, C. K., Igodan, C. O. and Belete, A. (1998). An investigation in to food plot production at irrigation schemes in Central Eastern Cape. Water Research Commission (WRC Report 719/1/980).
Anonymous (2015). Transplanted maize taking root. https://www.downtoearth.org.in/ news/ transplanted-maize-taking-root-29809 . Accessed on June, 2019.
Anonymous (2015-16). Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare, Government of India, New Delhi.
Anonymous (2016). Economic survey of India. Area production and yield of major crops. Ministry of Finance, Government of India, New Delhi.
Anonymous (2019). Top 12 largest maize producing countries in the world. http://www. thedailyrecords.com/2018-2019-2020-2021/world-famous-top-10list/world/largest-maize-producing-countries-world-states/6562/#1_United_States. Accessed on June, 2019.
All India Coordination Research Project (AICRP) on Maize, (2007). 50th Annual Report by Directorate of Maize Research, Indian Council of Agriculture Research (ICAR). pp 6 Pusa, New Delhi.
Badran, M. S. S. (2001). Effect of transplanting and seedling age on grain yield and its components of some maize cultivars. Alexandria Journal of Agricultural Research. 46 (2):47-56.
Basu, S. and Sharma, S. (2003). Effect of transplanting on vegetative, floral and seed characters of maize (Zea mays L.) parental lines in spring summer season. Indian Journal of Agricultural Science. 73 (1):44-48.
Biswas, M. (2008). Effect of Seedling Age and Variety on the Yield and Yield Attributes of Transplanted Maize. International Journal of Sustainable Crop Production. 3 (6): 58-63.
Biswas, M. (2015). Direct seeded and transplanted maize: Effects of planting date and age of seedling on the yield and yield attributes. American Journal of Experimental Agriculture .5 (5): 489-497.
Biswas, M., Islam, N., Islam, S. and Ahmed, M. (2009). Seedling raising method for production of transplanted maize. International Journal of Sustainable Crop Production. 4 (2):6-13.
CIMMYT (1989). Winter maize transplanted to rice fields. CIMMYT Informa No. 886.
Dale, A. E., Drennan, S. H. (1997). Transplanted maize (Zea mays L.) for grain production in Southern England. I. Effects of planting date, transplant age at transplanting and cultivar on grain yield. Journal of Agricultural Science. 128: 27- 35.
Dhillon, B. S., Khehra, A. S., Brar, H. S., Sharma, R. K. and Malhotra, V. V. (1990). Transplanting of maize during the winter in India. Agronomy Journal. 82:41–47
Fanadzo, M., Chiduza, C. and Mnkeni, P. N. S. (2009). Comparative response of direct seeded and transplanted maize (Zea mays L.) to nitrogen fertilization at Zanyokwe irrigation scheme, Eastern Cape, South Africa. African Journal of Agricultural Research. 4 (8):689-694.
Hajong, A. (2017). Effect of seedling raising method and age on growth, yield and quality of transplanted maize (Zea mays L.). A M.Sc. thesis submitted to the Department of Agronomy, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri-413 722, Dist-Ahmednagar, Maharastra, India.
Ibrahim, S. M. and Gopalasamy, N. (1989). Effect of age of seedlings on growth and yield of transplanted maize. Madras Agricultural Journal. 76(4):181-183
Khehra, A. S., Brar, H. S., Sharma, R. K., Dhillon, B. S. and Malhotra, V. V. (1990). Transplanting maize during the winter in India. Agronomy Journal. 82: 41-47.
Kumar, S., Shivani, and Kumar, S. (2014). Performance of transplanted maize (Zea mays L.) under varying age of seedling and method of nursery raising in the midlands of eastern region. Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences. 84 (7): 877-882.
Nagbha, C. V. (2017). Feasibility of transplanting rabi maize (Zea mays L.) varieties to varying age of seedling under middle Gujrat condition. A M.Sc. thesis submitted to B. A. college of agriculture, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, 388110.
Porwal, M. K. and Jain, H. K. (1999). Effect of sowing date on winter maize (Zea mays) varieties in command area of southern Rajasthan. Indian Journal of Agronomy. 44 (3):560-563.
Prasad, R. (2016). Textbook of field crops production- food grain crops, Vol-1, pp- 99-100.
Rattin, J., Benedetto, A. D. and Gornatti, T. (2006). The effects of transplant in sweet maize (Zea mays L.) I. growth and yield. International Journal of Agricultural Research. 1 (1):58-67.
Saikumar, R., Kumar, B., Kaul, J., karjagi, C. G., Jat, S. L., Parihar, C. M. and Kumar, A. (2012). Maize research in India-historical prospective and future challenges. Maize Journal. 1 (1):1-6.
Sharma, R. K., Brar, H. S., Khehra, A. S. And Dhillon, B. S. (1989). Gap filling through transplanting during winter. Journal of Agronomy and crop Science. 162: 145-148.
Sánchez, A. P., Rattin, J. and Di Benedetto, A. (2014). Yield increase as influenced by transplanting of sweet maize (Zea mays L. saccharata). American Journal of Experimental Agriculture. 4 (11):1314-1329.
Sangoi, L. (2000). Understanding plant density effects on maize growth and development: an important issue to maximise grain yield. Ciencia Rural. 31:159-168.
Singh, C., Singh, P. and Singh, R. (2012). Modern techniques of raising field crops, 2nd Edition, pp.84.
Singh, H. (2005). Agronomic management of transplanted winter maize (Zea mays L.) for higher productivity. A Ph.D. Thesis submitted to the Department of Agronomy and Agrometeorology, College of Agriculture, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana- 141 004.
Sobarad, P. M. (1997). Studies on direct seeded and transplanted maize (Zea mays L.) under different dates of planting and nitrogen levels. A Ph. D. thesis submitted to the Division of Agronomy, IARI, New Delhi.
Waters, L., Burrows, R. L., Bennet, M. A. and Schoenecker, J. (1990). Seed moisture and transplant management techniques influence sweet corn stand establishment, growth development and yield. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science. 8: 60-68.
Van, A. W., Marete, C. K., Igodan, C. O. and Belete, A. (1998). An investigation in to food plot production at irrigation schemes in Central Eastern Cape. Water Research Commission (WRC Report 719/1/980).
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An overview on problems and prospects of transplanted maize with special reference to India. (2020). Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 12(1), 59-65. https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v12i1.2217
