Effect of plant growth regulators on flowering behavior of cashew cv. Vengurla-4 grown in the hilly tracts of South Gujarat
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Abstract
A trial was conducted at Subhir and Chikhalda locations in Dang district of South Gujarat, India to assess the effect of Ethrel, NAA and GA3 on the flowering behavior of cashew cultivar Vengurla-4 during 2013-14. Three concentrations each of GA3 (50, 75, 100 ppm), Ethrel (10, 30, 50 ppm) and NAA (50, 75, 100ppm) were applied as foliar sprays 20 days before blossoming and 20 days after full bloom in twenty year old trees of cashew cultivar Vengurla-4. Trees sprayed with 50 ppm Ethrel had significantly the highest number of flowering panicles per square
meter (13.09), number of perfect flowers per panicle (87.11) and sex ratio (0.24) across locations and in pooled data. However, this was at par with 10 ppm Ethrel which emerged as the second best treatment of the trial. This study demonstrated the potential of Ethrel in improving various flowering parameters of cashew which are important determinations in increasing nut production.
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Keywords
Anacardium occidentale, Ethrel, GA3, Perfect flowers, Sex ratio
References
Aliyu, O.M., Adeigbe, O. and Awopetu, J.A. (2011). Foliar application of exogenous plant hormones at pre blooming stage improves flowering and fruiting in cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.). Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology, 14 (2): 143-150.
Bhattacharjee, P., Singhal, R., Gholap, A., Variyar, P. and Bongirwar, D. (2003). Hydrocarbons as marker compounds for irradiated cashew nut. Food Chemistry, 80: 151–157.
Chavan, S.P. and Raut, U.A. (2013). Genetic diversity based on morphological and molecular markers in cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) genotypes. Vegetos, 26 (2): 255-263.
Davenport, T.L., Pearce, D.W. and Rood, S.B. (2001). Correlation of endogenous gibberellic acid with initia-tion of mango shoot growth. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation, 20: 308-315.
Dorajeerao, A.V.D., Ravishankar, C. and Reddy, M.L.N. (2001). Influence of flowering phase on nut yield of different cashew clones. Journal of Plantation Crops, 25: 55-60.
Dokoozlian, N.K. (2001). Gibberellic acid applied at bloom reduces fruit set and improves size of 'Crimson Seed-less' table grapes. Hortscience, 364: 706-709.
El-Otmani, M. (1992). Principal growth regulator uses in citrus production. Proceedings of Second Seminar on Citrus Physiology, Bebedouro Ed. Cargill: 55-69.
FAO (2012). FAO Statistical Yearbook-2012. Food and Agriculture Organization, Rome, Italy.
Gawankar, M.S., Sawale, R.D., Pawar, S.N. and Chavan, S.A. (2010). Effect of Ethrel on flowering, sex-expression and yield in cashew. Journal of Horticultural Sciences, 5 (1): 68-70.
GOG (2014). Districtwise area and production of horticul-tural crops in Gujarat state. Directorate of Horticulture, Government of Gujarat, Gandhinagar, Gujarat.
Kumar, D.P., Khan, M.M. and Venkataramu, M.N. (1995). Effect of NPK and Growth Regulators on harvesting nut yield, shelling percentage and kernel grade of cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.). Journal of Plantation Crops, 23 (2): 96-104.
Kumar, D.P., Khan, M.M. and Melanta, K.R. (1996). Effect of nutrition and growth regulators on apple characters and yield in cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.). The Cashew, 10 (2): 17-24.
Lakshmipathi, J. Dinakara, A. and Kalaivanan, D. (2014). Influence of growth regulators on certain reproductive parameters of cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) variety Bhaskara. Journal of Plantation Crops, 42(1): 113-116.
Lenka, P.C., Mohapatra, K.C., Dash, S. and Mishra, N.K. (2001). Genetic variability and character association in cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.). Horticultural Journal, 14 (2): 105-110.
Mariappan, S., Prabakaran, J. and Sambandamoorthy, S. (1995). Effect of growth regulators on sex expression and fruit set in cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.). The Cashew, 9(1): 11-13.
NHB (2014). Indian Horticulture Database-2014. National Horticulture Board, Gurgaon, Haryana.
Panse, V. C. and Sukhatme, P. V. (1967). Statistical Methods for Agricultural Workers, ICAR, New Delhi.
Puhual, S., Bunchongsiri, S. and Booranasawettathrum, S. (1993). Effect of plant growth regulators on sex expres-sion of cashew nut. Tenth Rajamangala Institute of Technology Seminar on Agricultural Science, Lampang (Thailand).
Sinclair, E. (1993). The pineapple plant. Pineapple, pests and disorders. Queensland Department of Primary In-dustries, Brisbane, Australia.
Singh, S.K., Syamal, M.M. and Maurya, A.N. (1992). Effect of NAA and Ethrel on vegetative growth, flowering, fruiting and yield of cashew nut (Anacardium occiden-tale L.). The Cashew, 6(2): 11-12.
Suganya, P. and Dharshini R. (2011). Value added products from cashew apple-an alternative nutritional source. International Journal of Current Research, 3: 177-180.
Trusov, Y. and Botella, J.R. (2006). Silencing of the ACC synthase gene ACACS2 causes delayed flowering in pineapple [Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.]. Journal of Experimental Botany, 57(14): 3953-60.
Yamdagni, R. and Khangia, B. (1989). Effect of growth regulators on enzyme activities in shoot tips at various stages of bud differentiation in mango (Mangifera in-dica L.) cv. S.B. Chausa. South Indian Horticulture, 37(4): 194-198.
Bhattacharjee, P., Singhal, R., Gholap, A., Variyar, P. and Bongirwar, D. (2003). Hydrocarbons as marker compounds for irradiated cashew nut. Food Chemistry, 80: 151–157.
Chavan, S.P. and Raut, U.A. (2013). Genetic diversity based on morphological and molecular markers in cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) genotypes. Vegetos, 26 (2): 255-263.
Davenport, T.L., Pearce, D.W. and Rood, S.B. (2001). Correlation of endogenous gibberellic acid with initia-tion of mango shoot growth. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation, 20: 308-315.
Dorajeerao, A.V.D., Ravishankar, C. and Reddy, M.L.N. (2001). Influence of flowering phase on nut yield of different cashew clones. Journal of Plantation Crops, 25: 55-60.
Dokoozlian, N.K. (2001). Gibberellic acid applied at bloom reduces fruit set and improves size of 'Crimson Seed-less' table grapes. Hortscience, 364: 706-709.
El-Otmani, M. (1992). Principal growth regulator uses in citrus production. Proceedings of Second Seminar on Citrus Physiology, Bebedouro Ed. Cargill: 55-69.
FAO (2012). FAO Statistical Yearbook-2012. Food and Agriculture Organization, Rome, Italy.
Gawankar, M.S., Sawale, R.D., Pawar, S.N. and Chavan, S.A. (2010). Effect of Ethrel on flowering, sex-expression and yield in cashew. Journal of Horticultural Sciences, 5 (1): 68-70.
GOG (2014). Districtwise area and production of horticul-tural crops in Gujarat state. Directorate of Horticulture, Government of Gujarat, Gandhinagar, Gujarat.
Kumar, D.P., Khan, M.M. and Venkataramu, M.N. (1995). Effect of NPK and Growth Regulators on harvesting nut yield, shelling percentage and kernel grade of cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.). Journal of Plantation Crops, 23 (2): 96-104.
Kumar, D.P., Khan, M.M. and Melanta, K.R. (1996). Effect of nutrition and growth regulators on apple characters and yield in cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.). The Cashew, 10 (2): 17-24.
Lakshmipathi, J. Dinakara, A. and Kalaivanan, D. (2014). Influence of growth regulators on certain reproductive parameters of cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) variety Bhaskara. Journal of Plantation Crops, 42(1): 113-116.
Lenka, P.C., Mohapatra, K.C., Dash, S. and Mishra, N.K. (2001). Genetic variability and character association in cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.). Horticultural Journal, 14 (2): 105-110.
Mariappan, S., Prabakaran, J. and Sambandamoorthy, S. (1995). Effect of growth regulators on sex expression and fruit set in cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.). The Cashew, 9(1): 11-13.
NHB (2014). Indian Horticulture Database-2014. National Horticulture Board, Gurgaon, Haryana.
Panse, V. C. and Sukhatme, P. V. (1967). Statistical Methods for Agricultural Workers, ICAR, New Delhi.
Puhual, S., Bunchongsiri, S. and Booranasawettathrum, S. (1993). Effect of plant growth regulators on sex expres-sion of cashew nut. Tenth Rajamangala Institute of Technology Seminar on Agricultural Science, Lampang (Thailand).
Sinclair, E. (1993). The pineapple plant. Pineapple, pests and disorders. Queensland Department of Primary In-dustries, Brisbane, Australia.
Singh, S.K., Syamal, M.M. and Maurya, A.N. (1992). Effect of NAA and Ethrel on vegetative growth, flowering, fruiting and yield of cashew nut (Anacardium occiden-tale L.). The Cashew, 6(2): 11-12.
Suganya, P. and Dharshini R. (2011). Value added products from cashew apple-an alternative nutritional source. International Journal of Current Research, 3: 177-180.
Trusov, Y. and Botella, J.R. (2006). Silencing of the ACC synthase gene ACACS2 causes delayed flowering in pineapple [Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.]. Journal of Experimental Botany, 57(14): 3953-60.
Yamdagni, R. and Khangia, B. (1989). Effect of growth regulators on enzyme activities in shoot tips at various stages of bud differentiation in mango (Mangifera in-dica L.) cv. S.B. Chausa. South Indian Horticulture, 37(4): 194-198.
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How to Cite
Effect of plant growth regulators on flowering behavior of cashew cv. Vengurla-4 grown in the hilly tracts of South Gujarat. (2016). Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 8(1), 23-27. https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v8i1.739
