Effect of higher salinities on growth and survival of pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone, 1931)
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Abstract
The growth and survival of Litopenaeus vannamei post larvae was measured in controlled different salinities condition 35ppt (T1), 40ppt (T2), 45ppt (T3) and 50ppt (T4) were maintained. Group of Shrimp post larvae (weight 0.032 g ± 0.002) were stocked at a density of 35 nos. /aquarium in above salinity ranges. Animals were fed with commercial feed (35% Crude Protein) @ 5% of body weight four times a day. The results indicate that higher SGR was observed in T2 (1.99±0.08) followed by T1 (1.75±0.07), T3 (1.54±0.06) and T4 (1.49±0.17). Highest survival (100 %) was recorded in T1 followed by T2 (96.42%), T3 (94.99%) and T4 (74.21%). From the results of the present study it could be seen that higher salinity significantly reduced the growth and survival of L. vannamei but will also open study area of physiological adaption of animal at higher saline water in performance of organisms.
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Keywords
Growth, Higher salinities, Litopenaeus vannamei, Specific growth rate, Survival
References
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Anonymous (2010). Annual report central institue of brackish water aquaculture, Chennai. pp. 1-190, retrieved from http://ciba.nic.in.
Anonymous (2012). Annual report coastal aquaculture authority Chennai. pp. 112-113, retrieved from http://caa.nic.in.
APHA (2005). Standard methods for the examination of water and waste water. 21st edition.
Bray,W.A.,Lawrence, A.L. and Leung- Trujillo, J.R. (1994). The effect of salinity on growth and survival of Penaeus monodon, with observations on the interaction of IHHN virus and salinity. Aquaculture,122:133-146.
Cawthorn, D.F., Beard,T., Davenport, J. and Wickins, J.F. (1983). Responses of juvenile Peneaus monodon Fabri-ciusto natural and artificial sea water of low salin-ity.Aquaculture,32:65-174.
Chen, J.C., Lin, M.N., Ting, Y.Y. and Lin, J.N. (1995). Sur-vival, haemolymph osmolality and tissue water of Penaeus chinensis juveniles acclimated to different salinity and temperature levels. Comp. Biochem. Physiol, 110: 253-258.
El-Sayed, A.F.M. (1999). Alternative dietary protein sources for farmed tilapia (Oreochromis spp.).Aquaculture, 179:149-168.
FAO (2013).Fisheries Statistics.food and agricultural organi-zation, Rome, Italy. retrieved from http://www.fao.org.
Harpaz, S. and Karplus, I. (1991). Effect of salinity on growth and survival of juvenile Penaeus semisulcatus reared in the laboratory. Israeli J. Aquaculture-Bamidgeh, 43:156-163.
Helm, M.M. and Bourne,N.(2004). Hatchery culture of bivalves: A practical manual. FAO fisheries technical paper,471:31-129.
Kumlu, M. and Eroldogan, O.T. (2000). Effects of tempera-ture and substrate on growth and survival of Penaeus semisulcatus post larvae. Turk. J. Zool,24:337-341.
Kumlu, M., Eroldogan, O.T. and Aktas, M. (1999). The ef-fects of salinity on larval growth, survival and develop-ment of Penaeus semisulcatus (Decapoda: Penaeidae). Israeli J. Aquaculture Bamidgeh, 51:114-121.
Kumulu, M. and Jones, D.A. (1995).Salinity tolerance of hatch-ery-reared post larvae of Penaeus indicus. Milne Edwards originating from India. Aquaculture, 130: 287-296.
Mair, M.D.J. (1980).Salinity and water - type preferences of four species of post larval shrimp (Penaeus) from west Mexico. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 45(1):69-82.
McGraw, J.W., Davis, D.A., Teichert-Coddington, D. and Rouse, D.B. (2002). Acclimation of Litopenaeus vannamei postlarvae to low salinity: influence of age, salinity endpoint and rate of salinity reduction. J. World Aquac. Soc,33:78-84.
Menz, A. and Blake, B.F. (1980). Experiments on the growth of Penaeus vannamei Boone. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 48:99–111.
Palafox,J.P., Carlos,A.M. and Lindsay,G.R. (1997). The Effect of salinity and temperature on the growth and survival rates of juvenile White shrimp Penaeus van-namei, Boone, 1931. Aquaculture, 157:107-115.
Pante,M.J.R. (1990). Influence of environmental stress on the heritability of molting frequency and growth rate of the penaeid shrimp, Penaeus vannamei. University of Houston-Clear lake, Houston, TX, USA, M.Sc. Thesis.
Parado-Estepa, F.D., Quinitio, E.T. and Borlongan, E.L. (1996). Prawn hatchery operations (Rev. ed.). Tigbauan, Iloilo, Philippines: Aquaculture Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center.
Perez-Velazquez, M., Gonzalez-Felix, L.M., Jaimes-Bustamente, F., Martinez-Cordova and Trujillo-Villalba, R.L. (2007).Investigation of the Effects of Salinity and Dietary Protein Level on Growth and Sur-vival of Pacific White Shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. Journal of the world aquaculture society, 38(4).
Ramraj,D. (2014). Review of Shrimp Hatcheries and Farm productions Society of Aquaculture Professional pp:2-4.
Rizk, E.T., Mona, M.H., Abdel Razek,F.A., Abdel Rah-man,S.H. and Moussa, R.M.(2002). Observations on growth and survival of Penaeus japonicus (Bate) post larvae acclimated to low-salinity. Proc. I .C.B.S, 2(2):167-183.
Rosas, C., Ocampo,L.,Gaxiola,G.,Sanchez,A. and Soto,L.A.(1999). Effect of salinity on survival, growth, and oxy-gen consumption of post larvae (PL10-PL21) of Litopenaeus setiferus. J. Crustac. Biol,19:244-251.
Samocha, T.M., Guajardo,H., Lawrence, A.L., Castille, F.L., Speed, M. and Mckee, D.A. (1998). A simple stress test for Penaeus vannamei post larvae. Aquaculture,165:233-242.
Snedecor,G.W.and Cochran,W.G.(1968). Statistical methods the lowa state university press, lowa, U.S.A. pp1-435.
Tsuzuki, M.Y., Cavalla, R.O. and Bianchini,A. (2000). The effects of temperature, age, and acclimation to salinity on the survival of Farfantepenaeus paulensis post lar-vae. J. World. Aquac. Soc,3:459-468.
Zhu, C., Dong, S., Wang, F. and Huang, G. (2004). Effect of Na/K ratio in seawater on growth and energy budget of juvenile Litopenaeus vannamei. Aquaculture, 234:485-496.
Anonymous (2010). Annual report central institue of brackish water aquaculture, Chennai. pp. 1-190, retrieved from http://ciba.nic.in.
Anonymous (2012). Annual report coastal aquaculture authority Chennai. pp. 112-113, retrieved from http://caa.nic.in.
APHA (2005). Standard methods for the examination of water and waste water. 21st edition.
Bray,W.A.,Lawrence, A.L. and Leung- Trujillo, J.R. (1994). The effect of salinity on growth and survival of Penaeus monodon, with observations on the interaction of IHHN virus and salinity. Aquaculture,122:133-146.
Cawthorn, D.F., Beard,T., Davenport, J. and Wickins, J.F. (1983). Responses of juvenile Peneaus monodon Fabri-ciusto natural and artificial sea water of low salin-ity.Aquaculture,32:65-174.
Chen, J.C., Lin, M.N., Ting, Y.Y. and Lin, J.N. (1995). Sur-vival, haemolymph osmolality and tissue water of Penaeus chinensis juveniles acclimated to different salinity and temperature levels. Comp. Biochem. Physiol, 110: 253-258.
El-Sayed, A.F.M. (1999). Alternative dietary protein sources for farmed tilapia (Oreochromis spp.).Aquaculture, 179:149-168.
FAO (2013).Fisheries Statistics.food and agricultural organi-zation, Rome, Italy. retrieved from http://www.fao.org.
Harpaz, S. and Karplus, I. (1991). Effect of salinity on growth and survival of juvenile Penaeus semisulcatus reared in the laboratory. Israeli J. Aquaculture-Bamidgeh, 43:156-163.
Helm, M.M. and Bourne,N.(2004). Hatchery culture of bivalves: A practical manual. FAO fisheries technical paper,471:31-129.
Kumlu, M. and Eroldogan, O.T. (2000). Effects of tempera-ture and substrate on growth and survival of Penaeus semisulcatus post larvae. Turk. J. Zool,24:337-341.
Kumlu, M., Eroldogan, O.T. and Aktas, M. (1999). The ef-fects of salinity on larval growth, survival and develop-ment of Penaeus semisulcatus (Decapoda: Penaeidae). Israeli J. Aquaculture Bamidgeh, 51:114-121.
Kumulu, M. and Jones, D.A. (1995).Salinity tolerance of hatch-ery-reared post larvae of Penaeus indicus. Milne Edwards originating from India. Aquaculture, 130: 287-296.
Mair, M.D.J. (1980).Salinity and water - type preferences of four species of post larval shrimp (Penaeus) from west Mexico. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 45(1):69-82.
McGraw, J.W., Davis, D.A., Teichert-Coddington, D. and Rouse, D.B. (2002). Acclimation of Litopenaeus vannamei postlarvae to low salinity: influence of age, salinity endpoint and rate of salinity reduction. J. World Aquac. Soc,33:78-84.
Menz, A. and Blake, B.F. (1980). Experiments on the growth of Penaeus vannamei Boone. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 48:99–111.
Palafox,J.P., Carlos,A.M. and Lindsay,G.R. (1997). The Effect of salinity and temperature on the growth and survival rates of juvenile White shrimp Penaeus van-namei, Boone, 1931. Aquaculture, 157:107-115.
Pante,M.J.R. (1990). Influence of environmental stress on the heritability of molting frequency and growth rate of the penaeid shrimp, Penaeus vannamei. University of Houston-Clear lake, Houston, TX, USA, M.Sc. Thesis.
Parado-Estepa, F.D., Quinitio, E.T. and Borlongan, E.L. (1996). Prawn hatchery operations (Rev. ed.). Tigbauan, Iloilo, Philippines: Aquaculture Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center.
Perez-Velazquez, M., Gonzalez-Felix, L.M., Jaimes-Bustamente, F., Martinez-Cordova and Trujillo-Villalba, R.L. (2007).Investigation of the Effects of Salinity and Dietary Protein Level on Growth and Sur-vival of Pacific White Shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. Journal of the world aquaculture society, 38(4).
Ramraj,D. (2014). Review of Shrimp Hatcheries and Farm productions Society of Aquaculture Professional pp:2-4.
Rizk, E.T., Mona, M.H., Abdel Razek,F.A., Abdel Rah-man,S.H. and Moussa, R.M.(2002). Observations on growth and survival of Penaeus japonicus (Bate) post larvae acclimated to low-salinity. Proc. I .C.B.S, 2(2):167-183.
Rosas, C., Ocampo,L.,Gaxiola,G.,Sanchez,A. and Soto,L.A.(1999). Effect of salinity on survival, growth, and oxy-gen consumption of post larvae (PL10-PL21) of Litopenaeus setiferus. J. Crustac. Biol,19:244-251.
Samocha, T.M., Guajardo,H., Lawrence, A.L., Castille, F.L., Speed, M. and Mckee, D.A. (1998). A simple stress test for Penaeus vannamei post larvae. Aquaculture,165:233-242.
Snedecor,G.W.and Cochran,W.G.(1968). Statistical methods the lowa state university press, lowa, U.S.A. pp1-435.
Tsuzuki, M.Y., Cavalla, R.O. and Bianchini,A. (2000). The effects of temperature, age, and acclimation to salinity on the survival of Farfantepenaeus paulensis post lar-vae. J. World. Aquac. Soc,3:459-468.
Zhu, C., Dong, S., Wang, F. and Huang, G. (2004). Effect of Na/K ratio in seawater on growth and energy budget of juvenile Litopenaeus vannamei. Aquaculture, 234:485-496.
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How to Cite
Effect of higher salinities on growth and survival of pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone, 1931). (2015). Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 7(2), 885-888. https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v7i2.701
