Studies on biochemical mechanism of resistance for the management of Marssonina leaf blotch of apple caused by Marssonina coronaria (Ellis & J. J. Davis) J. J. Davis
Article Main
Abstract
To study the mechanism of resistance developed in three different cultivars of apple viz; Starking Delicious, Tydeman’s Early Worcester and Granny Smith against Marssonina coronaria , after treatment with SAR inducing chemicals salicylic acid (SA), dipotassium phosphate (K2HPO4) and acibenzolar-S-methyl (ASM) contents of total phenol, reducing sugar, non -reducing sugar and activities of polyphenol oxidase (PPO), and peroxidase (POD) were assayed at three sampling periods (48,72 and 96 hours). The results revealed that SA treated leaves of cultivar Granny Smith recorded highest amount of phenol (49,53.66,57.33 mg/g), reducing sugar (16,16.33,17.66 mg/g), non-reducing sugar (2.90,3.13,3.53 mg/g) content, peroxidase (30,29.33,36) and polyphenol (26,30,34) activity in all the sampling intervals followed ASM and K2HPO4 treated plants. When compared among the cultivars maximum production was observed highest in cultivar Granny Smith which was followed by cultivars Tydeman’s Early Worcester and Starking Delicious. The present study showed that application of systemic acquired resistance (SAR) chemical can induce resistance in apple plants against Marssonina blotch caused by M. coronaria showing strong correlation between the ability of elicitors to enhanced plant disease resistance and elicitation of defence related enzymes. Thus, using SAR chemicals to induce resistance to apple against Marssonina blotch caused by M. coronaria, may provide a practical supplement to an environmentally friendly disease management when it is combined with appropriate integrated disease management practices.
Article Details
Article Details
Non-reducing sugars, Peroxidase, Polyphenol oxidase, Reducing sugars, Total phenols
Bruce, R.J. and West C.A. (1989). Elicitation of lignin biosynthesis and isoperoxidase activity of (Cucumis sativus L.) by the biocontrol agent T.harzianum. Applied and Environment Microbiology, 65(3):1061-1070.
Chen, C., Belanger, R.R., Benhamou, N. and Paulitz, T.C. (2000). Defense enzymes inducedin cucumber roots by treatment with plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria(PGPR) and Pythium aphanidermatum. Physiology and Molecular Plant Pathology, 56:13–23.
Dao, T.T.H., Linthorst, H.J.M. and Verpoorte, R. (2011). Chalcone synthase and its functionsin plant sresistance. Phytochemistry Reviews, 10: 397–412.
Delaney, T.P., Friedrich, L. and Ryals, J.A. (1995). Arabi-dopsis signal transduction mutant defective in chemi-cally and biologically induced disease resistance. Pro-ceeding of National Academy of Sciences USA, 92:6602 - 6606.
Dutta, S. and Chatterjee, N.C. (2000). Peroxidase activity vis-à-vis resistance to Rhizopus rot of infected with Phaeo-moniella chlamydospora and Phaeoacremonium spe-cies. Indian Biologist, 32(2): 61-63.
Farkas, G. and Kiraly, J. (1962). Role of phenolic com-pounds in the physiology of plant disease and disease resistance. Phytopathological Zoology, 44: 105-150.
Gupta Sachin, Mallick, S. A and Gupta Moni. 2010. Role of oxidative enzymes and biochemical constituents in im-parting resistance to french bean varieties against bean anthracnose. Indian Phytopathology 63 (1): 47-50.
Harada, Y., Sawamura, K. and Konno, K. (1974). Diplocar-pon mali, sp.nov, the perfect state of apple blotch fun-gus Marssonina coronaria. Annual Phytopathological Society of Japan, 40:412—418.
Jose, A, Del Rio, Ana Gonzalez, Maria D. Fuster, Juana M. Botia, Pedro Gomez, Victor Frias and Ana Ortuno. (2001). Tylose formation and changes in phenolic compounds of grape roots infected with Phaeomoniella chlamydospora and Phaeoacremonium species. Phytopathologia Mediterranean, 40: S394-S399.
Lee Dong-Hyuk, Chang-Gi Back, Nang Kyu Kyu Win, Kyung-Hee Choi1, Kyung-Min Kim, In-Kyu Kang,Cheol Choi, Tae-Myung Yoon, Jae Youl Uhm and Hee-Young Jung. (2011). Biological Characterization of Marssonina coronaria Associated with Apple Blotch Disease. Mycriobiology, 39:200-205.
Mahadevan, A. and Sridhar, R. (1982). Methods in physio-logical Plant Pathology. Shivakami Publications, Ma-dras. Maleck, K., Levine. A. and Eulgem T. (2000). The transcrip-tome of Arabidopsis thaliana during systemic acquired resistance. Nature Genetics 26: 403–410.
Matern, U. and Kneusal, R.E.(1988). Phenolic compounds in plant disease resistance. Phytoparasitica 16: 153-170.
Meena, B., Marimuthu, T. and Velazhahan, R.( 2001). Sali-cylic acid induces systemic resistance in groundnut against late leaf spot caused by Cercosporidium per-sonatum. Journal of Mycology and Plant Pathology 31: 139-145.
Mohammadi, M. and Kazemi, H. (2002). Changes in peroxi-dase and polyphenol oxidase activities in susceptible and resistant wheat heads inoculated with Fusarium graminearum and induced resistance. Plant Science 162: 491–498.
Nelson, N. (1944). A photometric adaptation of the Somogyi method for the determination of glucose. Journal of Biochemistry, 153: 375–380.
Nema A G.(1989). Sugar and phenol contents of betelvine leaves after inoculation with leaf spot bacterium. In-dian Phytopathology 42 (1): 31-37.
Nicholson, R.L., Hammerschmidt, R.(1992). Phenolic compounds and their role in disease resistance. Annual Review of Phytopathology, 30:369–389.
Prasad O. P, Verma S and Daftari L. N. 1976. Biochemical changes in safflower leaves caused by rust infection. Indian Phytopathology 29 (1): 53-5.
Reimers, P.J., Guo, A. and Leach, J.E. (1992). Increased activity of a cationic peroxidase associated with an incompatible interaction between Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae and rice (Oryza sativa). Plant Physiology, 99:1044–1050.
Sequeira L. (1983). Mechanism of induced resistance in plants. Annual Review of Microbiology, 37:51-79.
Sharma, J. N. 1987.Structural and biochemical nature of resistance in apple to Venturia inaequalis.Ph.D. Thesis. Dr. Y.S. Parmar University of Horticulture and For-estry, Nauni, Solan. 158p.
Sharma, J. N. and Bhardawaj S. S. ( 2003). Efficacy and Economics of different fungicide spray schedule in controlling premature leaf fall of apple. Plant Disease Research, 18:21-24.
Sharma,J.N. and Kaul.(1996).Biochemical nature of resistance in apple to Venturia inaequalis causing scab IV. oxidative enzymes. International Journal Of Tropical Plant Diseases.14:173-176.
Sharma, J. N .and Gautam, D. R. (1997). Studies on prema-ture leaf fall of apple –a new problem. Journal of Plant Protection 25:8-12.
Slatnar, A., Mikulic Petkovsek, M., Halbwirth, H., Stampar, F., Stich, K. and Veberic, R.(2010). Enzyme activity of the phenylpropanoid pathway as a response to apple scab infection. Annals of Applied Biology 156: 449–456.
Soliva, R.C., Elez, P., Sebastian, M. and Martin, O.(2001). Evaluation of browning effect on avocado puree preserved by combined methods. Innovative Food Science and Emerging Technology 1: 261–268.
Vimala, R.and Suriachandraselvan, M. (2009). Induced resistance in bhendi against powdery mildew by foliar application of salicylic acid. Journal of Biopesticides 2(1): 111-114.
Yedidia, I., Benhamou and Chet, I. (1999). Induction of defence responses in cucumber plants (Cucumis sativus L.) by the biocontrol agent T.harzianum. Applied and Environment Microbiology, 65(3):1061-1070.
This work is licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0) © Author (s)
