Nutritional assessment of mutants of Calocybe indica produced by protoplast mutagenesis
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Abstract
Mushrooms are rich source of protein, minerals and antioxidants. Nutritive value of mushrooms differs not only among genus but also among species. Nutritional content of mushrooms are being constantly reported. In present study, emphasis is laid on effect of mutational study on nutritional parameters of mushroom. A total of seven mutants of Calocybe indica obtained through physical and chemical mutagenic treatment were subjected to nutritional evaluation. Five mutants (CMU-5, CMN-9, CMN-11, CMN-2 and CMB-4) indicated higher protein content while ash content was also found more for all the mutants except CMN-9. Tocopherol content was also higher for all the mutants except CMN-3. ?-carotene was more from 2 mutants, CMU-2 and CMN-9. Lycopene content was better in CMU-2, CMN-9, CME-2 and CMB-4 while ascorbic acid content for CMU-2 and CMN-3 was better than that of the parent. Fat content was found to be significantly low only in mutant CMN-9 (1.24g/100g). CMN-9, mutant obtained through NTG treatment, was found better than the parent, Ci-3, not only in protein content but also in amount of vitamin A, C and E. It is indicated from the study that mutagenesis which leads to genotypic variation has effect on biochemical aspects as well. Therefore, various genetic manipulations can be exploited for nutritional enhancement aspects which need to be emphasized keeping in view the need of food quality in today’s scenario.
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Keywords
Antioxidants, Calocybe indica, fat, Mutagenesis, Protein
References
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AOAC. (2000). Official Methods of Analysis, 7th ed. Association of Official Analytical Chemists. Gaithersburg, MD, USA.
AOVC. (1996). Methods of vitamin assay. Association of Vitamin Chemists inc. (ed.) Interscience publishers, pp 306-12.
Barroso, G., Sonnenberg, A.S., Van Griensven, L.J. and Labarere, J. (2000). Molecular cloning of widely dis-tributed microsatellite core sequence from the cultivated mushroom Agaricus bisporus. Fungal Genetics and Biology, 31: 115-23.
BIS. (1981). Handbook of Food Analysis. Part XI, Dairy Products. Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi.
Chang, S.T. and Buswell, J.A. (1996). Mushroom nutriceuticals. World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 12: 473-476.
Chang, S.T. and Mshigeni, K.E. (2001). Mushroom and their human health: their growing significance as potent dietary supplements. The University of Namibia, Windhoek, 1-79, pp1188-1194.
Chittaragi, A. and Naika, R. (2014). Determination of trace elements on some wild mushroom samples encountered from Western ghats of Karnataka. Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research, 6: 2124-2135
Clegg, K.M. (1956). The application of the anthrone reagent to the estimation of starch in cereals. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 7: 40-44.
Cooper, E.L. (2008). Ayurveda and eCAM: a closer connection. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med., 5: 121–2
Doshi, A., Munot, J.F. and Chakravarti, B.P. (1988). Nutritional status of an edible mushroom Calocybe indica (P&C). Indian Journal of Mycology Plant Pathology, 18: 301-302.
Dubois, M., Gilles, K.A., Hanilton, J.K., Rebers, P.A. and Smith, F. (1956). Colorimetric method for the determination of sugars and related substances. Analytical Chemistry, 28: 350-356.
Durgo, K., Koncar, M., Komes, D., Belscak-Cvitanovic, A., Franekic, J., Jakopovich, I., Jakopovich, N. and Jakopovich, B. (2013). Cytotoxicity of Blended Versus Single Medicinal Mushroom Extracts on Human Cancer Cell Lines: Contribution of Polyphenol and Polysaccharide Content. International Journal of Medicinal Mushrooms, 15: 435-448
Ferreira, I.C.F.R., Baptista, P., Vilas-Boas. and Barros, L. (2007). Free-radical scavenging capacity and reducing power of wild edible mushrooms from northeast Portugal: Individual cap and stipe activity. Food Chemistry, 100: 1511–1516.
Folch, J., Lees, M. and Sloane-Stanley, G.H. (1957). A simple method for isolation and fructification of total lipids from animal tissue. The Journal of Biological Chemistry, 226: 497-509
Gan, C.H., Nurul Amira, B. and Asmah, R. (2013). Antioxidant analysis of different types of edible mushrooms (Agaricus bisporous and Agaricus brasiliensis). International Food Research Journal, 20 : 1095-1102.
Guo, J.Y., Han, C.C. and Liu, Y.M. (2010). A Contemporary Treatment Approach to Both Diabetes and Depression byCordyceps sinensis, Rich in Vanadium. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med., 7: 387–389.
Halliwell, B. and Gutteridge, J.M.C. (1999). Free Radicals in Biology and Medicine”, 3rd Edn., Oxford University Press, New York, USA., ISBN-13: 9780198500452 , Pages:pp 936.
Jacob, R.A. (2000). Passive smoking induces oxidant damage preventable by vitamin C. Nutr. Rev., 58: 239- 241
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Jayaraman, J. (1981). Estimation of vitamin E. In : Laboratory Manual in Biochemistry. MS Sejwal, New Delhi pp 111.
Jeena, G.S., Punetha, H., Prakash, O., Chandra, M. and Kushwala, K.P.S. (2014). Study on in vitro antioxidant potential of some cultivated Pleurotus species (Oyster mushroom). Indian Journal of Natural Products and Resources, 5: 56-61
Kaur, J., Sodhi, H.S., Kapoor, S., Khanna, P.K. and Jaswal, R.K. (2011). Strain improvement of specialty mushroom , Calocybe indica, though mutagenesis. Applied Biological Research, 13: 62-69
Krishnakumari, S., Rajeswari, P. and Kathiravan, S. (2013) Ameliorative effect of Calocybe indica, a tropical Indian edible mushroom on hyperglycemia induced oxidative stress. International Journal of Biological, Food, Veterinary and Agricultural Engineering, 7: 279-282
Kumar, R., Singh, G., Mishra, P. and Singh, R. (2012). Effect of different organic supplements and casing mixtures on yield of two strains of milky mushroom (Calocybe indica). Indian Phytopath., 65: 399-403
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Maxwell, S.R.J., (1995)., “ Prospects for use of antioxidant therapies.”, Drugs., 49, pp: 345-361.
Menaga, D., Rajakumar, S. and Ayyasamy, P.M. (2013). Free radical scavenging activity of methanolic extract of Pleurotus florida mushroom. International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 5: 601-606
Mukherjee, M. and Sengupta, S. (1986). Mutagenesis of protoplasts and regeneration of mycelium in the mushroom Volvariella volvacea. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 52: 1412-14.
Nagata, M. and Yamashita, I. (1992). Simple method for simultaneous determination of chlorophyll and carotenoids in tomato fruit”, Nippon Shokuhin Kogyo Gakkaish, 39: 925–928.
Sadler, M., (2003)., “ Nutritional properties of edible fungi”,. British Nutrition Foundation Nutritional Bulletin, 28, 305-308.
Pushpa, H. and Purushothama, K.B. (2010) Nutritional analysis of wild and cultivated edible medicinal mushrooms. World Journal of Diary and Food Sciences, 5: 140-144
Saranya, V., Madhanraj, P. and Panneerselvam, A. (2011). Cultivation, composting, biochemical and molecular characterization of Calocybe indica (C and A). Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 1: 55-57
Sies, H. (1993). Strategies of antioxidant defence. European Journal of Biochemistry, 215: 213-219.
Suganya, M. and Suriyavathana, M. (2012). Antioxidant profile of Agaricus bisporus and Calocybe indica. International Journal of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 3: 1780-1783
Sumathy, R., Kumuthakalavalli, R. and Krishnamoorthy, A. S. (2015a) Proximate vitamin, aminoacid and mineral composition of milky mushroom, Calocybe indica (P&C). Var. Apk2 commonly cultivated in Tamil Nadu, Journal of Natural Product and Plant Resources, 5: 38-43
Sumathy, R., Kumuthakalavalli, R., Krishnamoorthy, A.S. and Balan V. (2015b). Effect of phytochemicals and antioxidant compounds enriched extract from Calocybe Indica var. APK2 on proliferation of human MCF-7 breast carcinoma cells. Der Pharmacia Sinica, 6:6-11
Wang, X.M., Zhang, J., Wu, L.H., Zhao, Y.L., Li, T., Li, J.Q., Wang, Y.Z. and Liu, H.G. (2014). A mini-review of chemical composition and nutritional value of edible wild-grown mushroom from China. Food Chemistry, 151: 279-295
Zahid, K., Barua, S. and Haque, S.M.I. (2010). Proximate Composition and Mineral Content of Selected Edible Mushroom Varieties of Bangladesh. Bangladesh Journal of Nutrition. , Vol. 22-23.
AOAC. (2000). Official Methods of Analysis, 7th ed. Association of Official Analytical Chemists. Gaithersburg, MD, USA.
AOVC. (1996). Methods of vitamin assay. Association of Vitamin Chemists inc. (ed.) Interscience publishers, pp 306-12.
Barroso, G., Sonnenberg, A.S., Van Griensven, L.J. and Labarere, J. (2000). Molecular cloning of widely dis-tributed microsatellite core sequence from the cultivated mushroom Agaricus bisporus. Fungal Genetics and Biology, 31: 115-23.
BIS. (1981). Handbook of Food Analysis. Part XI, Dairy Products. Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi.
Chang, S.T. and Buswell, J.A. (1996). Mushroom nutriceuticals. World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 12: 473-476.
Chang, S.T. and Mshigeni, K.E. (2001). Mushroom and their human health: their growing significance as potent dietary supplements. The University of Namibia, Windhoek, 1-79, pp1188-1194.
Chittaragi, A. and Naika, R. (2014). Determination of trace elements on some wild mushroom samples encountered from Western ghats of Karnataka. Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research, 6: 2124-2135
Clegg, K.M. (1956). The application of the anthrone reagent to the estimation of starch in cereals. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 7: 40-44.
Cooper, E.L. (2008). Ayurveda and eCAM: a closer connection. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med., 5: 121–2
Doshi, A., Munot, J.F. and Chakravarti, B.P. (1988). Nutritional status of an edible mushroom Calocybe indica (P&C). Indian Journal of Mycology Plant Pathology, 18: 301-302.
Dubois, M., Gilles, K.A., Hanilton, J.K., Rebers, P.A. and Smith, F. (1956). Colorimetric method for the determination of sugars and related substances. Analytical Chemistry, 28: 350-356.
Durgo, K., Koncar, M., Komes, D., Belscak-Cvitanovic, A., Franekic, J., Jakopovich, I., Jakopovich, N. and Jakopovich, B. (2013). Cytotoxicity of Blended Versus Single Medicinal Mushroom Extracts on Human Cancer Cell Lines: Contribution of Polyphenol and Polysaccharide Content. International Journal of Medicinal Mushrooms, 15: 435-448
Ferreira, I.C.F.R., Baptista, P., Vilas-Boas. and Barros, L. (2007). Free-radical scavenging capacity and reducing power of wild edible mushrooms from northeast Portugal: Individual cap and stipe activity. Food Chemistry, 100: 1511–1516.
Folch, J., Lees, M. and Sloane-Stanley, G.H. (1957). A simple method for isolation and fructification of total lipids from animal tissue. The Journal of Biological Chemistry, 226: 497-509
Gan, C.H., Nurul Amira, B. and Asmah, R. (2013). Antioxidant analysis of different types of edible mushrooms (Agaricus bisporous and Agaricus brasiliensis). International Food Research Journal, 20 : 1095-1102.
Guo, J.Y., Han, C.C. and Liu, Y.M. (2010). A Contemporary Treatment Approach to Both Diabetes and Depression byCordyceps sinensis, Rich in Vanadium. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med., 7: 387–389.
Halliwell, B. and Gutteridge, J.M.C. (1999). Free Radicals in Biology and Medicine”, 3rd Edn., Oxford University Press, New York, USA., ISBN-13: 9780198500452 , Pages:pp 936.
Jacob, R.A. (2000). Passive smoking induces oxidant damage preventable by vitamin C. Nutr. Rev., 58: 239- 241
IRRI (International Rice Research Institute). (2000). IRRISTAT for window (CD-ROM) version 4.02b. Los Banus. Phillipines
Jayaraman, J. (1981). Estimation of vitamin E. In : Laboratory Manual in Biochemistry. MS Sejwal, New Delhi pp 111.
Jeena, G.S., Punetha, H., Prakash, O., Chandra, M. and Kushwala, K.P.S. (2014). Study on in vitro antioxidant potential of some cultivated Pleurotus species (Oyster mushroom). Indian Journal of Natural Products and Resources, 5: 56-61
Kaur, J., Sodhi, H.S., Kapoor, S., Khanna, P.K. and Jaswal, R.K. (2011). Strain improvement of specialty mushroom , Calocybe indica, though mutagenesis. Applied Biological Research, 13: 62-69
Krishnakumari, S., Rajeswari, P. and Kathiravan, S. (2013) Ameliorative effect of Calocybe indica, a tropical Indian edible mushroom on hyperglycemia induced oxidative stress. International Journal of Biological, Food, Veterinary and Agricultural Engineering, 7: 279-282
Kumar, R., Singh, G., Mishra, P. and Singh, R. (2012). Effect of different organic supplements and casing mixtures on yield of two strains of milky mushroom (Calocybe indica). Indian Phytopath., 65: 399-403
Lindequist, U., Niedermeyer, T.H.J. and Julich, W. (2005). Pharmacological potential of mushrooms. eCAM, 2: 285-299.
Maxwell, S.R.J., (1995)., “ Prospects for use of antioxidant therapies.”, Drugs., 49, pp: 345-361.
Menaga, D., Rajakumar, S. and Ayyasamy, P.M. (2013). Free radical scavenging activity of methanolic extract of Pleurotus florida mushroom. International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 5: 601-606
Mukherjee, M. and Sengupta, S. (1986). Mutagenesis of protoplasts and regeneration of mycelium in the mushroom Volvariella volvacea. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 52: 1412-14.
Nagata, M. and Yamashita, I. (1992). Simple method for simultaneous determination of chlorophyll and carotenoids in tomato fruit”, Nippon Shokuhin Kogyo Gakkaish, 39: 925–928.
Sadler, M., (2003)., “ Nutritional properties of edible fungi”,. British Nutrition Foundation Nutritional Bulletin, 28, 305-308.
Pushpa, H. and Purushothama, K.B. (2010) Nutritional analysis of wild and cultivated edible medicinal mushrooms. World Journal of Diary and Food Sciences, 5: 140-144
Saranya, V., Madhanraj, P. and Panneerselvam, A. (2011). Cultivation, composting, biochemical and molecular characterization of Calocybe indica (C and A). Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 1: 55-57
Sies, H. (1993). Strategies of antioxidant defence. European Journal of Biochemistry, 215: 213-219.
Suganya, M. and Suriyavathana, M. (2012). Antioxidant profile of Agaricus bisporus and Calocybe indica. International Journal of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 3: 1780-1783
Sumathy, R., Kumuthakalavalli, R. and Krishnamoorthy, A. S. (2015a) Proximate vitamin, aminoacid and mineral composition of milky mushroom, Calocybe indica (P&C). Var. Apk2 commonly cultivated in Tamil Nadu, Journal of Natural Product and Plant Resources, 5: 38-43
Sumathy, R., Kumuthakalavalli, R., Krishnamoorthy, A.S. and Balan V. (2015b). Effect of phytochemicals and antioxidant compounds enriched extract from Calocybe Indica var. APK2 on proliferation of human MCF-7 breast carcinoma cells. Der Pharmacia Sinica, 6:6-11
Wang, X.M., Zhang, J., Wu, L.H., Zhao, Y.L., Li, T., Li, J.Q., Wang, Y.Z. and Liu, H.G. (2014). A mini-review of chemical composition and nutritional value of edible wild-grown mushroom from China. Food Chemistry, 151: 279-295
Zahid, K., Barua, S. and Haque, S.M.I. (2010). Proximate Composition and Mineral Content of Selected Edible Mushroom Varieties of Bangladesh. Bangladesh Journal of Nutrition. , Vol. 22-23.
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Nutritional assessment of mutants of Calocybe indica produced by protoplast mutagenesis. (2015). Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 7(2), 686-690. https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v7i2.667
