Impact of Alternaria solani (Early blight) on cultivated tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) in North-eastern region of India and identification of early blight disease resistant tomato genotypes
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Abstract
The present investigation was carried out to screen genotypes for resistance to Early blight disease of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) of North Eastern region of India. Field trial was conducted in the Experimental Farm, Department of Horticulture, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat during the years 2012-13 and 2013-14 consecutively. The disease severity of tomato genotypes was assessed by 0-5 points scale, percent Disease Incidence (PDI). Of the total materials screened, Sel-35 (TLBRH-6 X Konbilahi) and Sel-19 (TLBRH-6 X Konbilahi) were highly resistant, 7 were resistant, 14 were moderately resistant, 16 were susceptible and 6 were highly susceptible under field condition after inoculation during both years. The genotype having high yield and resistant to early blight was 10/TOLCVRES-3. The genotypes resistant to early blight but having low yield (Sel-35, Sel-19, Sel-9 and Sel-16) may be utilized in future breeding programme for improving yield through selection for higher fruit weight and fruit diameter. Alternatively, they may be used as parents in hybridization or backcrossing programme in order to transfer the gene for resistance to early blight to already adapted high yield varieties.
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Keywords
Early blight, North-eastern region, Resistant, Solanum lycopersicum
References
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Balanchard D. (1992). A colour atlas of tomato diseases. Wolfe Pub. Ltd., Brook House, London, pp. 298.
Basu, P.K. (1974). Measuring early blight, its progress and influence on fruit losses in nine tomato cultivars. Canadian Pl. Dis. Survey, 54: 45-50.
Chaerani, R., Groenwold, R., Roel, P.S. and Voorrips, E. (2007). Assessment of early blight (Alternaria solani) resistance in tomato using a droplet inoculation method. J. Gen. Plant Pathol., 73:96–103.
Datar, V.V. and Mayee, C.D. (1981). Assessment of loss in tomato yield due to early blight. Ind. Phytopathology, 34: 191-195.
Fry, W. (2008). Phytophthora infestans: The Plant (and R Gene) Destroyer. Molecular Plant Pathology, 9: 385-340.
Foolad, M.R., Ntahimpera, N., Christ, B.J., and Lin, G.Y. (2000). Comparision of field, green-house and detached leaflet evaluations of tomato germplasm for early blight resistance. Plant Disease, 84: 967-972.
Foolad, M.R., Zhang, L.P., Khan, A.A., Ni˜no-Liu, D., and Lin, G.Y. (2002). Identification of QTLs for early blight (Alternaria solani) resistance in tomato using backcross populations of a Lycopersicon esculentum and L. hirsutum cross. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 104(6-7): 945–958.
Foolad, M.R., Sharma, A., Ashrafi, H. and Lin, G.Y. (2005). Genetics of early blight resistance in tomato. Acta Hort., 695: 397–406.
Gardner, R.G. (1988). NC EBR-1 and NC EBR-2 early blight resistant tomato breeding lines. Hort. Sci. 23: 779–781.
Jain, S.K., Kumar, V. and Saharia, M. (2012). Analysis of rainfall and temperature trends in northeast India. Int. J. Climatol., Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com) DOI: 10.1002/joc.3483.
Kamble, S.B.; Pawar, D.R.; Sankeshwari, S.B.; Parab, M.M. and Arekar, J.S. (2007). Field screening of different tomato varieties and advanced lines against early blight of tomato. Agric. Sci. Digest. 27(4): 267 – 269.
Kumar, S. and Srivastava, K. (2013). Screening of tomato genotypes against early blight (Alternaria solani) under field condition. The Bioscan, 8(1): 189-193.
Kalloo, G. and Banerjee, M.K. (1993). Early blight resistance in Lycopersicon esculentum transferred from L. pimpinellifolium and L. hirsutum f. glabratum. Garten bauuissen schaft, 58: 238-39.
Khaidem, M.M., Bora, G.C., Singh, S.J. and Sinha, A.K. (2014). Morphology Based Genetic Variability Analysis and Identification of Important Characters for Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) Crop Improvement. American-Eurasian J. Agric. & Environ. Sci., 14 (10): 1105-1111.
Mckinney, H.H. (1923). Influence of soil temperature and moisture on infection of wheat seedling by Helminthosporium sativum. J. of Agri. Res., 26: 195–217.
Mahantesha, S.R.; Rawal, R.D. and Ramaswamy, G.R. (2012). Field evaluation of tomato genotypes for resistance to Alternaria solani. Trends Biosci. 5(4): 294.
Peralta, I.E., Knapp, S. and Spooner, D.M. (2005). Thirteen new species of wild tomatoes (Solanum section Lycopersicon: Solanaceae) from Northern Peru. Syst. Bot., 30: 424-434.
Pandey, K.K., Pandey, P.K., Kalloo, G. and Banerjee, M.K. (2003). Resistance to early blight of tomato with respect to various parameters of disease epidemics. J. Gen. Plant Pathology, 69: 364–371.
Peteira, B., Diaz, M.G. Chavez, Martinez B. and Miranda, I. (2002). Search of a RAPD marker associated to Alter-naria solani resistance in tomato. Rev Protection Veg., 17(1): 6–13.
Poysa, V. and Tu, J. (1997). Response of cultivars and breeding lines of Lycopersicon spp. to Alternaria solani. Canadian Plant Disease Survey 76(1): 5- 8.
Rotem, J. and Reichert, I. (1964). Dew – a principal moisture factor enabling early blight epidemics in a semiarid region of Israel. Plant Dis Rep., 48:211–215.
Sharma, A., Zhang, L., Nino-Liu, D., Ashrafi, H. and Foolad, M.R. (2008). A Solanum lycopersicum × Solanum pimpinellifolium linkage-map of tomato displaying genomic locations of R-genes, RGAs, and candidate resistance/defense-response ESTs. Int. J. Plant Genomics, Article ID 926090, doi:10.1155/2008/926090.
Singh, P.C., Singh, S., Kumar, R., Singh, M. and Rai, M. (2013). Genetic study of early blight resistance in tomato. Indian Society of Vegetable Science, National Symposium on Abiotic and Biotic Stress Management in Vegetable Crops.
Singh, P.C., Kumar, R., Singh, M., Rai, A., Singh, M.C., and Rai, M. (2011). Identification of resistant sources against early blight disease of tomato. Indian J. Hort., 68(4): 516-521.
Sherf, A.F., MacNab, A.A. (1986) Vegetable diseases and their control. Wiley, New York.
Singh, R.S. (1985). Disease of vegetable crops. Oxford and IBH Publishing Co. New Delhi, pp. 441.
Sridha, T.S. and Naik, L.B. (1983). Relative resistance of tomato cultivars to early blight. The Madras Agric. J., 70: 488-489.
Upadhyay, P., Singh, P.C., Sinha, B., Singh, M., Kumar, R., Pandey, K. K. and Rai, M. (2009). Sources of resistance against early blight (Alternaria solani) in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). Ind. J. Agric. Sci. 79(9): 752–753.
Thirthammallappa and Lohithaswa, H.C. (2000). Genetics of resistance to early blight (Alternaria solani) in tomato. Euphytica, 113: 187–197.
Yadav, D.S. and Singh, S.P. (1998). Correlation and path analysis in tomato. J. of Hill Res., 112(2): 207-211.
Yadav, O.P. and Dabbas, M.R. (2012). Efficacy of fungicides in the management of early blight of tomato (Alternaria solani). Int. J. of Plant Protection, 5 (2): 413-416.
Balanchard D. (1992). A colour atlas of tomato diseases. Wolfe Pub. Ltd., Brook House, London, pp. 298.
Basu, P.K. (1974). Measuring early blight, its progress and influence on fruit losses in nine tomato cultivars. Canadian Pl. Dis. Survey, 54: 45-50.
Chaerani, R., Groenwold, R., Roel, P.S. and Voorrips, E. (2007). Assessment of early blight (Alternaria solani) resistance in tomato using a droplet inoculation method. J. Gen. Plant Pathol., 73:96–103.
Datar, V.V. and Mayee, C.D. (1981). Assessment of loss in tomato yield due to early blight. Ind. Phytopathology, 34: 191-195.
Fry, W. (2008). Phytophthora infestans: The Plant (and R Gene) Destroyer. Molecular Plant Pathology, 9: 385-340.
Foolad, M.R., Ntahimpera, N., Christ, B.J., and Lin, G.Y. (2000). Comparision of field, green-house and detached leaflet evaluations of tomato germplasm for early blight resistance. Plant Disease, 84: 967-972.
Foolad, M.R., Zhang, L.P., Khan, A.A., Ni˜no-Liu, D., and Lin, G.Y. (2002). Identification of QTLs for early blight (Alternaria solani) resistance in tomato using backcross populations of a Lycopersicon esculentum and L. hirsutum cross. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 104(6-7): 945–958.
Foolad, M.R., Sharma, A., Ashrafi, H. and Lin, G.Y. (2005). Genetics of early blight resistance in tomato. Acta Hort., 695: 397–406.
Gardner, R.G. (1988). NC EBR-1 and NC EBR-2 early blight resistant tomato breeding lines. Hort. Sci. 23: 779–781.
Jain, S.K., Kumar, V. and Saharia, M. (2012). Analysis of rainfall and temperature trends in northeast India. Int. J. Climatol., Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com) DOI: 10.1002/joc.3483.
Kamble, S.B.; Pawar, D.R.; Sankeshwari, S.B.; Parab, M.M. and Arekar, J.S. (2007). Field screening of different tomato varieties and advanced lines against early blight of tomato. Agric. Sci. Digest. 27(4): 267 – 269.
Kumar, S. and Srivastava, K. (2013). Screening of tomato genotypes against early blight (Alternaria solani) under field condition. The Bioscan, 8(1): 189-193.
Kalloo, G. and Banerjee, M.K. (1993). Early blight resistance in Lycopersicon esculentum transferred from L. pimpinellifolium and L. hirsutum f. glabratum. Garten bauuissen schaft, 58: 238-39.
Khaidem, M.M., Bora, G.C., Singh, S.J. and Sinha, A.K. (2014). Morphology Based Genetic Variability Analysis and Identification of Important Characters for Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) Crop Improvement. American-Eurasian J. Agric. & Environ. Sci., 14 (10): 1105-1111.
Mckinney, H.H. (1923). Influence of soil temperature and moisture on infection of wheat seedling by Helminthosporium sativum. J. of Agri. Res., 26: 195–217.
Mahantesha, S.R.; Rawal, R.D. and Ramaswamy, G.R. (2012). Field evaluation of tomato genotypes for resistance to Alternaria solani. Trends Biosci. 5(4): 294.
Peralta, I.E., Knapp, S. and Spooner, D.M. (2005). Thirteen new species of wild tomatoes (Solanum section Lycopersicon: Solanaceae) from Northern Peru. Syst. Bot., 30: 424-434.
Pandey, K.K., Pandey, P.K., Kalloo, G. and Banerjee, M.K. (2003). Resistance to early blight of tomato with respect to various parameters of disease epidemics. J. Gen. Plant Pathology, 69: 364–371.
Peteira, B., Diaz, M.G. Chavez, Martinez B. and Miranda, I. (2002). Search of a RAPD marker associated to Alter-naria solani resistance in tomato. Rev Protection Veg., 17(1): 6–13.
Poysa, V. and Tu, J. (1997). Response of cultivars and breeding lines of Lycopersicon spp. to Alternaria solani. Canadian Plant Disease Survey 76(1): 5- 8.
Rotem, J. and Reichert, I. (1964). Dew – a principal moisture factor enabling early blight epidemics in a semiarid region of Israel. Plant Dis Rep., 48:211–215.
Sharma, A., Zhang, L., Nino-Liu, D., Ashrafi, H. and Foolad, M.R. (2008). A Solanum lycopersicum × Solanum pimpinellifolium linkage-map of tomato displaying genomic locations of R-genes, RGAs, and candidate resistance/defense-response ESTs. Int. J. Plant Genomics, Article ID 926090, doi:10.1155/2008/926090.
Singh, P.C., Singh, S., Kumar, R., Singh, M. and Rai, M. (2013). Genetic study of early blight resistance in tomato. Indian Society of Vegetable Science, National Symposium on Abiotic and Biotic Stress Management in Vegetable Crops.
Singh, P.C., Kumar, R., Singh, M., Rai, A., Singh, M.C., and Rai, M. (2011). Identification of resistant sources against early blight disease of tomato. Indian J. Hort., 68(4): 516-521.
Sherf, A.F., MacNab, A.A. (1986) Vegetable diseases and their control. Wiley, New York.
Singh, R.S. (1985). Disease of vegetable crops. Oxford and IBH Publishing Co. New Delhi, pp. 441.
Sridha, T.S. and Naik, L.B. (1983). Relative resistance of tomato cultivars to early blight. The Madras Agric. J., 70: 488-489.
Upadhyay, P., Singh, P.C., Sinha, B., Singh, M., Kumar, R., Pandey, K. K. and Rai, M. (2009). Sources of resistance against early blight (Alternaria solani) in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). Ind. J. Agric. Sci. 79(9): 752–753.
Thirthammallappa and Lohithaswa, H.C. (2000). Genetics of resistance to early blight (Alternaria solani) in tomato. Euphytica, 113: 187–197.
Yadav, D.S. and Singh, S.P. (1998). Correlation and path analysis in tomato. J. of Hill Res., 112(2): 207-211.
Yadav, O.P. and Dabbas, M.R. (2012). Efficacy of fungicides in the management of early blight of tomato (Alternaria solani). Int. J. of Plant Protection, 5 (2): 413-416.
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How to Cite
Impact of Alternaria solani (Early blight) on cultivated tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) in North-eastern region of India and identification of early blight disease resistant tomato genotypes. (2015). Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 7(2), 672-680. https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v7i2.665
