Pharmacognostical, phytochemical and phytopharmacological activities of Solanum torvum utilized as a traditional medicinal herb: A review
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.main##
Abstract
Turkey berry, also known as Solanum torvum Swartz, is native to Africa, Asia and South America. This tropical plant of the family Solanaceae has versatile uses in both food and medicine in tropical and subtropical countries. It has been employed in traditional medicine all over the world. Chemical composition of this fruit, its pharmacological properties as ascertained through scientific investigations and its clinical applications are discussed. S. torvum contains numerous important metabolites such as saponins steroids and flavonoids, which function as antioxidants, antifungal, antidiabetic, anticancer, antiulcer, antianxiety and immunomodulators. Various notable roles in ethnomedicinal uses and approaches as a traditional medicinal herb. These have been found in large amounts and have various functions, including antioxidant properties against cardiovascular diseases and immune-modulating activities. Notably leaves extracts, fruits etc. have beneficial therapeutic traits. For a long time now, “Solanum torvum” has been used to treat numerous conditions such as fever, wounds, etc. Research backs up these traditional uses by pointing out the plant’s blood pressure management, kidney protection nature, and immune-boosting capabilities. The review summarizes the importance of ethnobotany, its chemical composition, and the scientifically proven pharmacological activities of S. torvum.
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.details##
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.details##
Keywords
Ethnomedicinal, Phytopharmacological, Phytochemical Studies, Physical studies, Solanum torvum
References
Adjanohoun, J. E., Aboubakar, N., Dramane, K., Ebot, M. E., Ekpere, J. A., Enow-Orock, E. G. & Wirmum, C. K. (1996). Traditional medicine and pharmacopoeia. contribution to ethnobotanical and floristic studies in Cameroon. Centre De Production De Manuels Scolaires, Porto-Novo (Rep. Du Benin), 133.
Siemonsma Js, Piluek K. (1994). Plant resources of South-East Asia prosea vegetables. Prosea, Bogor, Indonesia.255-258. Https://Edepot.Wur.Nl/326103
Jaiswal, B. S. (2012). Solanum torvum: A review of its traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology. International Journal of Pharma and Biosciences, 3(4), 104-111.
Hussain S., Kumar A., Singh, K. & Kushwaha S.P., Muhammad A., Muhammad M.(2023).Phytochemical and biological studies of Solanum torvum L. In folklore medicine of Assam. Annals of Phytomedicine an International Journal.12(1): 124-131. Doi: Http://Dx.Doi.Org/10.54085/Ap.2023.12.1.40
Kannan, M., Dheeba, B., Gurudevi, S. & Ranjit Singh, A. J. A. (2012). Phytochemical, antibacterial and antioxidant studies on medicinal plant Solanum torvum. Journal of Pharmacy Research, 5(5), 2418-2421.
Muhammad N, Saeed M. Biological screening of Viola betonicifolia Smith whole plant. Afr. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 2011 Nov 29;5(20):2323-9.DOI: 10.5897/AJPP11.641
Bhagyashree, M. & Chantra, K. J. (2012). Efficacy of Solanum torvum (Berries) on carrageenan induced rat paw edema model an in-vivo anti-inflammatory study. Irjp, 3(1), 232-234.
Yousafa, Z., Wanga, Y. & Baydounc, E. (2013). Phytochemistry and pharmacological studies on Solanum torvum Swartz. Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science, 3(4), 152-160. Doi: 10.7324/Japs.2013.3428
Karumari, R. J., Sumathi, S., Vijayalakshmi, K., & Ezhilarasi, S. (2014). Anthelmintic efficacy of Sesbania grandiflora leaves and Solanum torvum fruits against the nematode parasite ascaridia galli. American journal of Ethnomedicine, 1(5), 326-333.
Karmakar, K., Islam, M. A., Chhanda, S. A., Tuhin, T. I., Muslim, T. & Rahman, M. A. (2015). Secondary metabolites from the fruits of Solanum torvum Sw. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 4(1), 160-163.
Chatterjee, M. S., Khawas, M. S., Kumari, S. & Satpathy, K. R. (2024). Pharmacognostical exploration and pharmacological potential of Solanum indicum berries belongs to the family Solanaceae. Journal of Advanced Zoology, 45(1), 681-697. Doi: 10.53555/Jaz.V45i1.3371
Chopra, C., Nayyar, S., & Chopra, D. (1956). Council of scientific & industrial research announcing the publication of glossary of Indian medicinal plants. Journal of Scientific & Industrial Research: General. A, 15, 388
Rajan, S., & Sethuraman, M. (1993). Hepatoprotective plants in the Nilgiri district: A survey. J Res Educat Indian M.ed, 12, 37-42.
Senizza, B., Rocchetti, G., Sinan, K. I., Zengin, G., Mahomoodally, M. F., Glamocilja, J., ... & Lucini, L. (2021). The phenolic and alkaloid profiles of Solanum erianthum and Solanum torvum modulated their biological properties. Food Bioscience, 41, 100974. Doi - Https://Doi.Org/10.1016/J.Fbio.2021.100974
Aljabri, M., Alharbi, K. & Alonazi, M. (2023). In vitro and in silico analysis of Solanum torvum fruit and methyl caffeate interaction with cholinesterases. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, 30(10), 103815.doi-https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2023.103815
Melila, M., Dossou, B. R., Etse, K. D. & Firmin, S. (2021). Biochemical study and evaluation of the nutritional value of Solanum torvum (swartz) fruits used as fruiting vegetables in Togo. Journal of Food and Nutrition Research, 9(11), 579-584. doi- :10.12691/jfnr-9-11-4
The State Pharmacopoeia Commission of The People's Republic Of China (2000). English Edition Vol I Beijing. Chemical Industry Press. 1, 107.
Obiang, C. S., Misso, R. L. N. M., Atome, G. R. N., Ondo, J. P., Engonga, L. C. O. & Emvo, E. N. (2019). Phytochemical analyses, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of stem bark extracts of Distemonanthus benthamianus H. Baill. and fruit extracts of Solanum torvum Sw. From Gabon. Asian pacific journal of Tropical Biomedicine, 9(5), 209-216. DOI: 10.4103/2221-1691.259001
Murugesan, R., Vasuki, K. & Kaleeswaran, B. (2024). A green alternative: evaluation of Solanum Torvum (Sw.) leaf extract for control of Aedes aegypti (L.) and its molecular docking potential. Intelligent Pharmacy, 2(2), 251-262. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ipha.2023.11.012
Lim, H. F. (1992). Knowledge and use of forest produce as traditional medicine: The case of the forest-dwelling communities. Forest Research Institute Malaysia.DOI 10.1007/978-94-007-2144-9_15
Agrawal, A. D., Bajpei, P. S., Patil, A. A. & Bavaskar, S. R. (2010). Solanum torvum Sw.—A phytopharmacological review. Der Pharmacia Lettre, 2(4), 403-407.
Klein, G. (1950). Use of the ehrlich ascites tumor of mice for quantitative studies on the growth and biochemistry of neoplastic cells. cancer, 3(6), 1052-1061.Doi:10.1002/1097-0142(1950)3:6<1052::Aid-Cncr2820030616>3.0.Co;2-G
Starr, F., Starr, K. & Loope, L. L. (2003). Forest starr, kim starr, and lloyd loope United States geological survey--Biological resources division haleakala field station, maui, hawai'i .Solanum torvum. Website-Http://Www.Starrenvironmental.Com/Publications/Species_reports/Pdf/Solanum_torvum.Pdf.
Leisegang, K. (2021). Herbal pharmacognosy: An introduction. in herbal medicine in Andrology (Pp. 17-26). Academic Press. Doi- Https://Doi.Org/10.1016/B978-0-12-815565-3.00003-5
Fursenco, C., Drăgălin, E. A., Calalb, T. & Uncu, L. (2023). Comparative assessment of Pharmacopoeia requirements regarding the standardization of herbal drugs. In direcții de reformare a sistemului farmaceutic din perspectiva cursului European Al republicii moldova (Pp. 104-116). Doi- 615.322.07+615.11
Umamaheswani, D., Muthuraja, R., Kumar, M. & Venkateswarlu, B. S. (2021). Standardization of herbal drugs-A overview. International Journal of Pharmaceutical sciences review and research, 68(1), 2. Doi-10.47583/ijpsrr.2021.v68i01.033
Wanjari, A. S. & Wanjari, D. S. (2019). An overview on herbal medicine. Research Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 11(1), 14-17. Doi- 10.5958/0975-4385.2019.00003.7
Paul, T. & Kumar, K. J. (2024). Standardization of herbal medicines for lifestyle diseases. In role of herbal medicines: Management of Lifestyle Diseases (Pp. 545-557). Doi- Https://Doi.Org/10.1007/978-981-99-7703-1_27
Ahmad, I., Ahmad Khan, M. S. & Cameotra, S. S. (2014). Quality assessment of herbal drugs and medicinal plant products. Encyclopedia of Analytical Chemistry, 46, 1-17. Doi: 10.1002/9780470027318.A9946
World Health Organization. (1998). Quality control methods for medicinal plant materials. World Health Organization. Https://Www.Google.Co.In/Books/Edition/_/Zjizdwaaqbaj?Hl=En&Gbpv=1&Pg=Pt3&Dq= World+Health+Organization.+Quality+Control+Methods+For+Medicinal+Plant+Materials.+World+Health+Organization;+1998.
Janarthanan, L., Balakrishnan, B. R., Karthikeyan, V., Senniappan, P., Venkateswarlu, B. S. & Anandharaj, G. (2019). Pharmacognostical standardization and phytochemical studies on the leaves of Solanum torvum Sw. Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics, 9(4-A), 290-295. Doi: 10.22270/Jddt.V9i4-A.3473
Ministry of health and family welfare Government of India New Delhi (1965). The Indian Pharmacopoeia.
Kokate Ck, Purohit Ap, Ghokale Sb. (1997) Pharmacognosy. 5th Ed. Puneindia: nirali prakashan,147.
Kayalvizhi, J., Bharathi, K., Vijayakumari, P., Kavitha, M., Bhuvaneswari, T. S., Muruganandam, G. & Thirumurugan, V. (2012). Studies on the physico-phytochemical properties and hepatoprotective effect of Solanum torvum Swartz in Ccl4 induced experimental toxicity in albino rats. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci., 4(5), 426-429.
Biney Ee, Nkoomm, Darkwah Wk. & Puplampu Jb. (2019). High performance liquid chromatography analysis and antioxidant activities of extract of Azadirachta indica (Neem) leaves.Pharmacognosy Res. 11. Doi:10.4103/Pr.Pr_14_19
Hemalatha, T., & Kailasamassistant, S. P.(2023). Phytochemical screening in Solanum torvum Sw. and Murraya koenigii (L.) spreng fruits. Education Society,47(1)- 5
Mohan, E., Suriya, S., Shanmugam, S. & Rajendran, K. (2021). Qualitative phytochemical screening of selected medicinal plants. Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics, 11(2), 141-144. Doi- Http://Dx.Doi.Org/10.22270/Jddt.V11i2.4609
Yousafa, Z., Wanga, Y. & Baydounc, E. (2013). Phytochemistry and pharmacological studies on Solanum Torvum Swartz. Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science, 3(4), 152-160. Doi: 10.7324/Japs.2013.3428
Tracey, M. V., & Paech, K. (Eds.). (1955). Modern Methods Of Plant Analysis. Springer.
Jain, P., Singh, S. K., Sharma, H. P. & Basri, F. (2014). Phytochemical screening and antifungal activity of Semecarpus anacardium L.(An Anti-cancer Plant). Int J Pharmaceut Sci Res, 5(5), 1884-1891. Doi: 10.13040/Ijpsr.0975-8232.5(5).1884-91
Kalita, Lawrence., dash, biswajit., borah, u., deka, j. u. m. a. n. & dash, suvakanta (2017). Preliminary phytochemical analysis and antimicrobial activity ethanolic extracts of dried fruits of solanum torvum (family-solanaceae). Int J Curr Pharm Res., 9(3), 123-126. Doi: 10.22159/Ijcpr.2017.V9i3.19982
Harbone, J. B. (1973). Phytochemical methods: A guide to modern techniques of Plants Analysis (Indonesian Translation). Bandung: Itb.
Djoueudam, F. G., Fowa, A. B., Fodouop, C. S. P., Kodjio, N., & Gatsing, D. (2019). Solanum Torvum Sw.(Solanaceae): Phytochemical Screening, antisalmonellal and antioxidant properties of leaves extracts. J Med Plant Stud, 7(1), 5-12.
Aiyegoro, O. A., & Okoh, A. I. (2010). Preliminary phytochemical screening and in vitro antioxidant activities of the aqueous extract of Helichrysum longifolium Dc. Bmc Complementary And Alternative Medicine, 10, 1-8. Doi: 10.1186/1472-6882-10-21
Koomson, D. A., Kwakye, B. D., Darkwah, W. K., Odum, B., Asante, M., & Aidoo, G. (2018). Phytochemical constituents, total saponins, alkaloids, flavonoids and vitamin C contents of ethanol extracts of five Solanum torvum fruits. Pharmacognosy Journal, 10(5). Doi: 10.5530/Pj.2018.5.160
Darkwah, W. K., Ao, Y., Adinortey, M. B., Weremfo, A., Abrokwah, F. K., & Afriyie, E. (2018). Total phenolic, flavonoid and alkaloid contents, oxidative DNA damage protective and antioxidant properties of methanol and aqueous extracts of Dissotis rotundifolia whole plant. Free radicals and Antioxidants, 8(2), 82-88. Doi: 10.5530/Fra.2018.2.13
Harborne, A. J. (1998). Phytochemical methods a guide to modern techniques of plant analysis. Springer science & business media.
Pratheema P, Cathrine L And Gurupriya S.(2020) Isolation and characterization of some phytochemical compounds from the methanolic extract of Solanum torvum Swartz fruits. Int J Pharm Sci & Res., 11(12): 6213-21. Doi: 10.13040/Ijpsr.0975-8232.11(12).6213-21.
Le Canh Viet Cuong, Nguyen Phuc Khanh Nhi, Tran Phuong Ha, Le Tuan Anh, Ton That Huu Dat, Phung Thi Thuy Oanh, Nguyen Thi Minh Phuong, Vo Thi Kim Thu, Ho Viet Duc & Hoang Le Tuan Anh. (2022) A new steroidal saponin from the aerial parts of Solanum torvum. Natural Product Research 36, 19, 4892-4897. doi-https://doi.org/10.1080/14786419.2021.1908282
Pushpam, M. S. (2021). Phyto-pharmacological and GC-MS analysis of bioactive compounds presents in ethanolic extract Solanum torvum leaves. Int. J. Zool. Entomol. Lett., 1, 32-37.
Harley, B. K., Neglo, D., Tawiah, P., Pipim, M. A., Mireku-Gyimah, N. A., Tettey, C. O., ... & Waikhom, S. D. (2021). Bioactive triterpenoids from solanum torvum fruits with antifungal, resistance modulatory and anti-biofilm formation activities against fluconazole-resistant candida albicans strains. Plos one, 16(12), E0260956. Doi- Https://Doi.Org/10.1371/Journal.Pone.0260956.
Ren, R., Zhang, M. Y., Shu, T., Kong, Y. T., Su, L. H. & Li, H. Z. (2024). Steroidal saponins from water eggplant (fruits of Solanum torvum) exhibit anti-epileptic activity against pentylenetetrazole-induced seizure model in zebrafish. Molecules, 29(6), 1316. Doi- Https://Doi.Org/10.3390/Molecules29061316.
Lu, Y., Luo, J., Huang, X. & Kong, L. (2009). Four new steroidal glycosides from Solanum torvum and their cytotoxic activities. Steroids, 74(1), 95-101.Doi: 10.1016/J.Steroids.2008.09.011
Arthan, D., Svasti, J., Kittakoop, P., Pittayakhachonwut, D., Tanticharoen, M. & Thebtaranonth, Y. (2002). Antiviral isoflavonoid sulfate and steroidal glycosides from the fruits of Solanum torvum. Phytochemistry, 59(4), 459-463. Doi: 10.1016/S0031-9422(01)00417-4
Colmenares, A. P., Rojas, L. B., Mitaine-Offer, A. C., Pouységu, L., Quideau, S., Miyamoto, T., & Lacaille-Dubois, M. A. (2013). Steroidal saponins from the fruits of Solanum torvum. Phytochemistry, 86, 137-143. Doi: 10.1016/J.Phytochem.2012.10.010
Chou, C. H., Hsu, Y. M., Huang, T. J., Liu, F. C. & Weng, J. R. (2012). Sterodial sapogenins from Solanum torvum. Biochemical systematics and ecology, 45, 108-110.Doi: 10.1016/J.Bse.2012.07.021
Mahmood, U., Agrawal, P. K., & Thakur, R. S. (1985). Torvonin-A, A spirostane saponin From Solanum torvum leaves. Phytochemistry, 24(10), 2456-2457. Doi: 10.1016/S0031-9422(00)83069-1
Mahmood, U., Shukla, Y. N. & Thakur, R. S. (1983). Non-alkaloidal constituents from Solanum torvum leaves. Phytochemistry, 22(1), 167-169.Doi: 10.1016/S0031-9422(00)80080-1
Tuan Anuar, T. A. F. (2023). Solanum torvum for hypertension: a systematic review. Research Journal of Pharmacognosy, 10(2), 75-84. DOI: 10.22127/rjp.2023.367448.2000.
Grierson, D. S., Otang, W. M. & Afolayan, A. J. (2014). A review of the phytochemistry, botany, pharmacology and toxicology of Arctotis arctotoides. African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicines, 11(6), 118-126.DOI:10.4314/ajtcam.v11i6.12
Shu, W., Wu, C., Zhang, Y., Ye, W. C. & Zhou, G. (2013). Two new steroidal glycosides isolated from the aerial part of Solanum torvum Swartz. Natural product Research, 27(21), 1982-1986.DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2013.811406
Nguelefack, T. B., Mekhfi, H., Dimo, T., Afkir, S., Nguelefack-Mbuyo, E. P., Legssyer, A. & Ziyyat, A. (2008). Cardiovascular and anti-platelet aggregation activities of extracts from Solanum torvum (Solanaceae) fruits in rat. Journal of Complementary and Integrative Medicine, 5(1).DOI: 10.2202/1553-3840.1105
Mahanta B: Effect of Solanum torvum Sw. (2023). methanolic extract on in-vitro and in-vivo models of inflammation. int j pharm sci & res; 14(2): 912-19. Doi: 10.13040/Ijpsr.0975-8232.14(2).912-19.
Berry, C. (2021). The chemical compounds of turkey berry (solanum torvum swartz) plants that are efficacious as medicine.Doi-10.47760/Ijpsm.2021.V06i08.013.
Shahparan Islam Shawon, Rashmia Nargis Reyda & Nazmul Qais. (2024). Medicinal herbs and their metabolites with biological potential to protect and combat liver toxicity and its disorders: a review. heliyon 10:3, pages e25340. Doi- Https://Doi.Org/10.1080/01480545.2021.2012905
Dhamodaran, S., Kothandam, R. & Ramachandran, S. (2022). Cytotoxicity and anticancer activity of aqueous leaf extract of solanum torvum on normal vero and human breast adenocarcinoma mcf-7 cell line. Indo global journal of pharmaceutical sciences, 12, 145-152. Doi- Https://Doi.Org/10.35652/Igjps.2022.12016
Ibrahim, I., Bardoe, D. & Hayford, D. (2023). Erythropoietic, hematinic and leucocytic activities of the aqueous extracts of the fruits and leaves of Solanum torvum. Biorxiv, 2023-04. Doi- Https://Doi.Org/10.1101/2023.04.04.535631
Mohan, S., kamble, S., gadhi, S., & kasture, S. (2010). Protective effect of Solanum torvum on doxorubicin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. Food and chemical toxicology, 48(1), 436-440.doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2009.10.042
Yagmurca, M., Erdogan, H., Iraz, M., Songur, A., Ucar, M. & Fadillioglu, E. (2004). Caffeic acid phenethyl ester as a protective agent against doxorubicin nephrotoxicity in rats. Clinica Chimica Acta, 348(1-2), 27-34.Doi: 10.1016/J.Cccn.2004.03.035
Yilmaz, S., Atessahin, A., Sahna, E., Karahan, I. & Ozer, S. (2006). Protective effect of lycopene on adriamycin-induced cardiotoxicity and nephrotoxicity. Toxicology, 218(2-3), 164-171.Doi: 10.1016/J.Tox.2005.10.015
Panigrahi, S., Muthuraman, M. S., Natesan, R. & Pemiah, B. (2014). anticancer activity of ethanolic extract of Solanum torvum Sw. International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 6(Suppl 1), 93-8.
Hochstein, P., & Atallah, A. S. (1988). The nature of oxidants and antioxidant systems in the inhibition of mutation and cancer. Mutation Research Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis, 202(2), 363-375.Doi: 10.1016/0027-5107(88)90198-4
Gothoskar, S. V., & Ranadive, K. J. (1971). Anticancer screening of sanab: an extract of marking nut, Semecarpus anacardium. Indian J Exp Biol., 9(3), 372-5.
Gandhi, G. R., Ignacimuthu, S., Paulraj, M. G., & Sasikumar, P. (2011). Antihyperglycemic activity and antidiabetic effect of methyl caffeate isolated from Solanum torvum swartz. fruit in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. European Journal of Pharmacology, 670(2-3), 623-631.Doi: 10.1016/J.Ejphar.2011.09.159
Daisy, P., Balasubramanian, K., Rajalakshmi, M., Eliza, J. & Selvaraj, J. (2010). Insulin mimetic impact of catechin isolated from Cassia fistula on the glucose oxidation and molecular mechanisms of glucose uptake on streptozotocin-induced diabetic wistar rats. Phytomedicine, 17(1), 28-36.Doi: 10.1016/J.Phymed.2009.10.018
Jain, S., Bhatia, G., Barik, R., Kumar, P., Jain, A. & Dixit, V. K. (2010). Antidiabetic activity of Paspalum scrobiculatum linn. in alloxan induced diabetic rats. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 127(2), 325-328.Doi: 10.1016/J.Jep.2009.10.038
Liu, Y., Wan, Q., Guan, Q., Gao, L., & Zhao, J. (2006). High-fat diet feeding impairs both the expression and activity of ampka in rats’ skeletal muscle. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 339(2), 701-707.Doi: 10.1016/J.Bbrc.2005.11.068
Nguelefack, T. B., Feumebo, C. B., Ateufack, G., Watcho, P., Tatsimo, S., Atsamo, A. D., ... & Kamanyi, A. (2008). Anti-ulcerogenic properties of the aqueous and methanol extracts from the leaves of Solanum torvum swartz (solanaceae) in rats. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 119(1), 135-140.Doi: 10.1016/J.Jep.2008.06.008
Ateufack, G., Nguelefack, T. B., Wabo, H. K., Watcho, P., Tane, P. & Kamanyi, A. (2006). Antiulcer effects of the aqueous and organic extracts of the stem bark of Anthocleista vogelii. in rats. Pharmaceutical Biology, 44(3), 166-171.Doi: 10.1080/13880200600685915
Shay, H. (1945). A simple method for the uniform production of gastric ulceration in the rats. Gastroenterology, 5, 143-149.
Antonio, J. M., Gracioso, J. S., Toma, W., Lopez, L. C., Oliveira, F., & Brito, A. S. (2004). Antiulcerogenic activity of ethanol extract of Solanum variabile (False “Jurubeba”). Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 93(1), 83-88.Doi: 10.1016/J.Jep.2004.03.031
Ramamurthy, C. H., Kumar, M. S., Suyavaran, V. S. A., Mareeswaran, R. & Thirunavukkarasu, C. (2012). Evaluation of antioxidant, radical scavenging activity and polyphenolics profile in Solanum torvum l. fruits. Journal of Food Science, 77(8), C907-C913.Doi: 10.1111/J.1750-3841.2012.02830.X
Barros, L., Baptista, P. & Ferreira, I. C. (2007). Effect of Lactarius piperatus fruiting body maturity stage on antioxidant activity measured by several biochemical assays. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 45(9), 1731-1737.Doi: 10.1016/J.Fct.2007.03.006
Oyaizu, M. (1988). Antioxidative activities of browning products of glucosamine fractionated by organic solvent and thin-layer chromatography. Nippon Shokuhin kogyo gakkaishi, 35(11), 771-775. Doi: 10.3136/Nskkk1962.35.11_771
Abhishek, R. U., Thippeswamy, S., Manjunath, K. & Mohana, D. C. (2015). Antifungal and antimycotoxigenic potency of solanum torvum swartz. leaf extract: isolation and identification of compound active against mycotoxigenic strains of Aspergillus flavus and fusarium verticillioides. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 119(6), 1624-1636.Doi: 10.1111/Jam.12956
Kumar, A., Shukla, R., Singh, P., Prasad, C. S. & Dubey, N. K. (2008). Assessment of Thymus vulgaris l. essential oil as a safe botanical preservative against post harvest fungal infestation of food commodities. Innovative Food Science & Emerging Technologies, 9(4), 575-580.Doi: 10.1016/J.Ifset.2007.12.005
Thippeswamy, S., Mohana, D. C., Abhishek, R. U. & Manjunath, K. (2013). Efficacy of bioactive compounds isolated from Albizia amara and Albizia saman as source of antifungal and antiaflatoxigenic agents. Journal für Verbraucherschutz and Lebensmittelsicherheit, 8, 297-305.Doi: 10.1007/S00003-013-0839-7
Tuan Anuar, T. A. F. (2023). Solanum torvum for hypertension: a systematic review. Research Journal of Pharmacognosy, 10(2), 75-84.Doi: 10.22127/Rjp.2023.367448.2000
Koffuor, G. A., Amoateng, P. & Andey, T. A. (2011). Immunomodulatory and erythropoietic effects of aqueous extract of the fruits of Solanum torvum swartz (Solanaceae). Pharmacognosy Research, 3(2), 130.doi: 10.4103/0974-8490.81961
Shalaby, M. A., El Zorba, H. Y., & Kamel, G. M. (2004). Effect of a tocopherol and simvastatin On male fertility in hypercholesterolemic rats. Pharmacological Research, 50(2), 137-142.Doi:10.1016/J.Phrs.2003.10.013
Wannasiri, S., Chansakaow, S. & Sireeratawong, S. (2017). Effects of Solanum torvum fruit water extract on hyperlipidemia and sex hormones in high-fat fed male rats. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine, 7(5), 401-405.Doi: 10.1016/J.Apjtb.2017.01.027
Ndebia, E. J., Kamgang, R. & Nkeh-Chungaganye, B. N. (2007). Analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties of aqueous extract from leaves of Solanum torvum (Solanaceae). African Journal Of Traditional, Complementary And Alternative Medicines, 4(2), 240-244.
Nkeh, B. C. A., Njamen, D., Wandji, J., Fomum, Z. T., Dongmo, A., Nguelefack, T. B., ... & Kamanyi, A. (2003). Anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of drypemolundein A, a sesquiterpene lactone from Drypetes molunduana. Pharmaceutical Biology, 41(1), 26-30.Doi: 10.1076/Phbi.41.1.26.14704
Dongmo, A. B., Kamanyi, A., Anchang, M. S., Nkeh, B. C. A., Njamen, D., Nguelefack, T. B., ... & Wagner, H. (2001). Anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties of the stem bark extracts of Erythrophleum suaveolens (Caesalpiniaceae), Guillemin & Perrottet. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 77(2-3), 137-141.Doi: 10.1016/S0378-8741(01)00296-3
Wayne, P. A. (2002). National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards. Performance standards for antimicrobial disc susceptibility testing, 12, 01-53.
Mohan, M., Attarde, D., Momin, R. & Kasture, S. (2013). Antidepressant, anxiolytic and adaptogenic activity of Torvanol A: An isoflavonoid from seeds of Solanum torvum. Natural Product Research, 27(22), 2140-2143.Doi: 10.1080/14786419.2013.778853
Steru, L., Chermat, R., Thierry, B. & Simon, P. (1985). The tail suspension test: A new method for screening antidepressants in mice. Psychopharmacology, 85, 367-370.Doi: 10.1007/Bf00428203
Thierry, B., Steru, L., Simon, P. & Porsolt, R. D. (1986). The tail suspension test: ethical considerations. Psychopharmacology, 90, 284-285. Doi: 10.1007/Bf00181261
Siemonsma Js, Piluek K. (1994). Plant resources of South-East Asia prosea vegetables. Prosea, Bogor, Indonesia.255-258. Https://Edepot.Wur.Nl/326103
Jaiswal, B. S. (2012). Solanum torvum: A review of its traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology. International Journal of Pharma and Biosciences, 3(4), 104-111.
Hussain S., Kumar A., Singh, K. & Kushwaha S.P., Muhammad A., Muhammad M.(2023).Phytochemical and biological studies of Solanum torvum L. In folklore medicine of Assam. Annals of Phytomedicine an International Journal.12(1): 124-131. Doi: Http://Dx.Doi.Org/10.54085/Ap.2023.12.1.40
Kannan, M., Dheeba, B., Gurudevi, S. & Ranjit Singh, A. J. A. (2012). Phytochemical, antibacterial and antioxidant studies on medicinal plant Solanum torvum. Journal of Pharmacy Research, 5(5), 2418-2421.
Muhammad N, Saeed M. Biological screening of Viola betonicifolia Smith whole plant. Afr. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 2011 Nov 29;5(20):2323-9.DOI: 10.5897/AJPP11.641
Bhagyashree, M. & Chantra, K. J. (2012). Efficacy of Solanum torvum (Berries) on carrageenan induced rat paw edema model an in-vivo anti-inflammatory study. Irjp, 3(1), 232-234.
Yousafa, Z., Wanga, Y. & Baydounc, E. (2013). Phytochemistry and pharmacological studies on Solanum torvum Swartz. Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science, 3(4), 152-160. Doi: 10.7324/Japs.2013.3428
Karumari, R. J., Sumathi, S., Vijayalakshmi, K., & Ezhilarasi, S. (2014). Anthelmintic efficacy of Sesbania grandiflora leaves and Solanum torvum fruits against the nematode parasite ascaridia galli. American journal of Ethnomedicine, 1(5), 326-333.
Karmakar, K., Islam, M. A., Chhanda, S. A., Tuhin, T. I., Muslim, T. & Rahman, M. A. (2015). Secondary metabolites from the fruits of Solanum torvum Sw. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 4(1), 160-163.
Chatterjee, M. S., Khawas, M. S., Kumari, S. & Satpathy, K. R. (2024). Pharmacognostical exploration and pharmacological potential of Solanum indicum berries belongs to the family Solanaceae. Journal of Advanced Zoology, 45(1), 681-697. Doi: 10.53555/Jaz.V45i1.3371
Chopra, C., Nayyar, S., & Chopra, D. (1956). Council of scientific & industrial research announcing the publication of glossary of Indian medicinal plants. Journal of Scientific & Industrial Research: General. A, 15, 388
Rajan, S., & Sethuraman, M. (1993). Hepatoprotective plants in the Nilgiri district: A survey. J Res Educat Indian M.ed, 12, 37-42.
Senizza, B., Rocchetti, G., Sinan, K. I., Zengin, G., Mahomoodally, M. F., Glamocilja, J., ... & Lucini, L. (2021). The phenolic and alkaloid profiles of Solanum erianthum and Solanum torvum modulated their biological properties. Food Bioscience, 41, 100974. Doi - Https://Doi.Org/10.1016/J.Fbio.2021.100974
Aljabri, M., Alharbi, K. & Alonazi, M. (2023). In vitro and in silico analysis of Solanum torvum fruit and methyl caffeate interaction with cholinesterases. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, 30(10), 103815.doi-https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2023.103815
Melila, M., Dossou, B. R., Etse, K. D. & Firmin, S. (2021). Biochemical study and evaluation of the nutritional value of Solanum torvum (swartz) fruits used as fruiting vegetables in Togo. Journal of Food and Nutrition Research, 9(11), 579-584. doi- :10.12691/jfnr-9-11-4
The State Pharmacopoeia Commission of The People's Republic Of China (2000). English Edition Vol I Beijing. Chemical Industry Press. 1, 107.
Obiang, C. S., Misso, R. L. N. M., Atome, G. R. N., Ondo, J. P., Engonga, L. C. O. & Emvo, E. N. (2019). Phytochemical analyses, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of stem bark extracts of Distemonanthus benthamianus H. Baill. and fruit extracts of Solanum torvum Sw. From Gabon. Asian pacific journal of Tropical Biomedicine, 9(5), 209-216. DOI: 10.4103/2221-1691.259001
Murugesan, R., Vasuki, K. & Kaleeswaran, B. (2024). A green alternative: evaluation of Solanum Torvum (Sw.) leaf extract for control of Aedes aegypti (L.) and its molecular docking potential. Intelligent Pharmacy, 2(2), 251-262. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ipha.2023.11.012
Lim, H. F. (1992). Knowledge and use of forest produce as traditional medicine: The case of the forest-dwelling communities. Forest Research Institute Malaysia.DOI 10.1007/978-94-007-2144-9_15
Agrawal, A. D., Bajpei, P. S., Patil, A. A. & Bavaskar, S. R. (2010). Solanum torvum Sw.—A phytopharmacological review. Der Pharmacia Lettre, 2(4), 403-407.
Klein, G. (1950). Use of the ehrlich ascites tumor of mice for quantitative studies on the growth and biochemistry of neoplastic cells. cancer, 3(6), 1052-1061.Doi:10.1002/1097-0142(1950)3:6<1052::Aid-Cncr2820030616>3.0.Co;2-G
Starr, F., Starr, K. & Loope, L. L. (2003). Forest starr, kim starr, and lloyd loope United States geological survey--Biological resources division haleakala field station, maui, hawai'i .Solanum torvum. Website-Http://Www.Starrenvironmental.Com/Publications/Species_reports/Pdf/Solanum_torvum.Pdf.
Leisegang, K. (2021). Herbal pharmacognosy: An introduction. in herbal medicine in Andrology (Pp. 17-26). Academic Press. Doi- Https://Doi.Org/10.1016/B978-0-12-815565-3.00003-5
Fursenco, C., Drăgălin, E. A., Calalb, T. & Uncu, L. (2023). Comparative assessment of Pharmacopoeia requirements regarding the standardization of herbal drugs. In direcții de reformare a sistemului farmaceutic din perspectiva cursului European Al republicii moldova (Pp. 104-116). Doi- 615.322.07+615.11
Umamaheswani, D., Muthuraja, R., Kumar, M. & Venkateswarlu, B. S. (2021). Standardization of herbal drugs-A overview. International Journal of Pharmaceutical sciences review and research, 68(1), 2. Doi-10.47583/ijpsrr.2021.v68i01.033
Wanjari, A. S. & Wanjari, D. S. (2019). An overview on herbal medicine. Research Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 11(1), 14-17. Doi- 10.5958/0975-4385.2019.00003.7
Paul, T. & Kumar, K. J. (2024). Standardization of herbal medicines for lifestyle diseases. In role of herbal medicines: Management of Lifestyle Diseases (Pp. 545-557). Doi- Https://Doi.Org/10.1007/978-981-99-7703-1_27
Ahmad, I., Ahmad Khan, M. S. & Cameotra, S. S. (2014). Quality assessment of herbal drugs and medicinal plant products. Encyclopedia of Analytical Chemistry, 46, 1-17. Doi: 10.1002/9780470027318.A9946
World Health Organization. (1998). Quality control methods for medicinal plant materials. World Health Organization. Https://Www.Google.Co.In/Books/Edition/_/Zjizdwaaqbaj?Hl=En&Gbpv=1&Pg=Pt3&Dq= World+Health+Organization.+Quality+Control+Methods+For+Medicinal+Plant+Materials.+World+Health+Organization;+1998.
Janarthanan, L., Balakrishnan, B. R., Karthikeyan, V., Senniappan, P., Venkateswarlu, B. S. & Anandharaj, G. (2019). Pharmacognostical standardization and phytochemical studies on the leaves of Solanum torvum Sw. Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics, 9(4-A), 290-295. Doi: 10.22270/Jddt.V9i4-A.3473
Ministry of health and family welfare Government of India New Delhi (1965). The Indian Pharmacopoeia.
Kokate Ck, Purohit Ap, Ghokale Sb. (1997) Pharmacognosy. 5th Ed. Puneindia: nirali prakashan,147.
Kayalvizhi, J., Bharathi, K., Vijayakumari, P., Kavitha, M., Bhuvaneswari, T. S., Muruganandam, G. & Thirumurugan, V. (2012). Studies on the physico-phytochemical properties and hepatoprotective effect of Solanum torvum Swartz in Ccl4 induced experimental toxicity in albino rats. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci., 4(5), 426-429.
Biney Ee, Nkoomm, Darkwah Wk. & Puplampu Jb. (2019). High performance liquid chromatography analysis and antioxidant activities of extract of Azadirachta indica (Neem) leaves.Pharmacognosy Res. 11. Doi:10.4103/Pr.Pr_14_19
Hemalatha, T., & Kailasamassistant, S. P.(2023). Phytochemical screening in Solanum torvum Sw. and Murraya koenigii (L.) spreng fruits. Education Society,47(1)- 5
Mohan, E., Suriya, S., Shanmugam, S. & Rajendran, K. (2021). Qualitative phytochemical screening of selected medicinal plants. Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics, 11(2), 141-144. Doi- Http://Dx.Doi.Org/10.22270/Jddt.V11i2.4609
Yousafa, Z., Wanga, Y. & Baydounc, E. (2013). Phytochemistry and pharmacological studies on Solanum Torvum Swartz. Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science, 3(4), 152-160. Doi: 10.7324/Japs.2013.3428
Tracey, M. V., & Paech, K. (Eds.). (1955). Modern Methods Of Plant Analysis. Springer.
Jain, P., Singh, S. K., Sharma, H. P. & Basri, F. (2014). Phytochemical screening and antifungal activity of Semecarpus anacardium L.(An Anti-cancer Plant). Int J Pharmaceut Sci Res, 5(5), 1884-1891. Doi: 10.13040/Ijpsr.0975-8232.5(5).1884-91
Kalita, Lawrence., dash, biswajit., borah, u., deka, j. u. m. a. n. & dash, suvakanta (2017). Preliminary phytochemical analysis and antimicrobial activity ethanolic extracts of dried fruits of solanum torvum (family-solanaceae). Int J Curr Pharm Res., 9(3), 123-126. Doi: 10.22159/Ijcpr.2017.V9i3.19982
Harbone, J. B. (1973). Phytochemical methods: A guide to modern techniques of Plants Analysis (Indonesian Translation). Bandung: Itb.
Djoueudam, F. G., Fowa, A. B., Fodouop, C. S. P., Kodjio, N., & Gatsing, D. (2019). Solanum Torvum Sw.(Solanaceae): Phytochemical Screening, antisalmonellal and antioxidant properties of leaves extracts. J Med Plant Stud, 7(1), 5-12.
Aiyegoro, O. A., & Okoh, A. I. (2010). Preliminary phytochemical screening and in vitro antioxidant activities of the aqueous extract of Helichrysum longifolium Dc. Bmc Complementary And Alternative Medicine, 10, 1-8. Doi: 10.1186/1472-6882-10-21
Koomson, D. A., Kwakye, B. D., Darkwah, W. K., Odum, B., Asante, M., & Aidoo, G. (2018). Phytochemical constituents, total saponins, alkaloids, flavonoids and vitamin C contents of ethanol extracts of five Solanum torvum fruits. Pharmacognosy Journal, 10(5). Doi: 10.5530/Pj.2018.5.160
Darkwah, W. K., Ao, Y., Adinortey, M. B., Weremfo, A., Abrokwah, F. K., & Afriyie, E. (2018). Total phenolic, flavonoid and alkaloid contents, oxidative DNA damage protective and antioxidant properties of methanol and aqueous extracts of Dissotis rotundifolia whole plant. Free radicals and Antioxidants, 8(2), 82-88. Doi: 10.5530/Fra.2018.2.13
Harborne, A. J. (1998). Phytochemical methods a guide to modern techniques of plant analysis. Springer science & business media.
Pratheema P, Cathrine L And Gurupriya S.(2020) Isolation and characterization of some phytochemical compounds from the methanolic extract of Solanum torvum Swartz fruits. Int J Pharm Sci & Res., 11(12): 6213-21. Doi: 10.13040/Ijpsr.0975-8232.11(12).6213-21.
Le Canh Viet Cuong, Nguyen Phuc Khanh Nhi, Tran Phuong Ha, Le Tuan Anh, Ton That Huu Dat, Phung Thi Thuy Oanh, Nguyen Thi Minh Phuong, Vo Thi Kim Thu, Ho Viet Duc & Hoang Le Tuan Anh. (2022) A new steroidal saponin from the aerial parts of Solanum torvum. Natural Product Research 36, 19, 4892-4897. doi-https://doi.org/10.1080/14786419.2021.1908282
Pushpam, M. S. (2021). Phyto-pharmacological and GC-MS analysis of bioactive compounds presents in ethanolic extract Solanum torvum leaves. Int. J. Zool. Entomol. Lett., 1, 32-37.
Harley, B. K., Neglo, D., Tawiah, P., Pipim, M. A., Mireku-Gyimah, N. A., Tettey, C. O., ... & Waikhom, S. D. (2021). Bioactive triterpenoids from solanum torvum fruits with antifungal, resistance modulatory and anti-biofilm formation activities against fluconazole-resistant candida albicans strains. Plos one, 16(12), E0260956. Doi- Https://Doi.Org/10.1371/Journal.Pone.0260956.
Ren, R., Zhang, M. Y., Shu, T., Kong, Y. T., Su, L. H. & Li, H. Z. (2024). Steroidal saponins from water eggplant (fruits of Solanum torvum) exhibit anti-epileptic activity against pentylenetetrazole-induced seizure model in zebrafish. Molecules, 29(6), 1316. Doi- Https://Doi.Org/10.3390/Molecules29061316.
Lu, Y., Luo, J., Huang, X. & Kong, L. (2009). Four new steroidal glycosides from Solanum torvum and their cytotoxic activities. Steroids, 74(1), 95-101.Doi: 10.1016/J.Steroids.2008.09.011
Arthan, D., Svasti, J., Kittakoop, P., Pittayakhachonwut, D., Tanticharoen, M. & Thebtaranonth, Y. (2002). Antiviral isoflavonoid sulfate and steroidal glycosides from the fruits of Solanum torvum. Phytochemistry, 59(4), 459-463. Doi: 10.1016/S0031-9422(01)00417-4
Colmenares, A. P., Rojas, L. B., Mitaine-Offer, A. C., Pouységu, L., Quideau, S., Miyamoto, T., & Lacaille-Dubois, M. A. (2013). Steroidal saponins from the fruits of Solanum torvum. Phytochemistry, 86, 137-143. Doi: 10.1016/J.Phytochem.2012.10.010
Chou, C. H., Hsu, Y. M., Huang, T. J., Liu, F. C. & Weng, J. R. (2012). Sterodial sapogenins from Solanum torvum. Biochemical systematics and ecology, 45, 108-110.Doi: 10.1016/J.Bse.2012.07.021
Mahmood, U., Agrawal, P. K., & Thakur, R. S. (1985). Torvonin-A, A spirostane saponin From Solanum torvum leaves. Phytochemistry, 24(10), 2456-2457. Doi: 10.1016/S0031-9422(00)83069-1
Mahmood, U., Shukla, Y. N. & Thakur, R. S. (1983). Non-alkaloidal constituents from Solanum torvum leaves. Phytochemistry, 22(1), 167-169.Doi: 10.1016/S0031-9422(00)80080-1
Tuan Anuar, T. A. F. (2023). Solanum torvum for hypertension: a systematic review. Research Journal of Pharmacognosy, 10(2), 75-84. DOI: 10.22127/rjp.2023.367448.2000.
Grierson, D. S., Otang, W. M. & Afolayan, A. J. (2014). A review of the phytochemistry, botany, pharmacology and toxicology of Arctotis arctotoides. African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicines, 11(6), 118-126.DOI:10.4314/ajtcam.v11i6.12
Shu, W., Wu, C., Zhang, Y., Ye, W. C. & Zhou, G. (2013). Two new steroidal glycosides isolated from the aerial part of Solanum torvum Swartz. Natural product Research, 27(21), 1982-1986.DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2013.811406
Nguelefack, T. B., Mekhfi, H., Dimo, T., Afkir, S., Nguelefack-Mbuyo, E. P., Legssyer, A. & Ziyyat, A. (2008). Cardiovascular and anti-platelet aggregation activities of extracts from Solanum torvum (Solanaceae) fruits in rat. Journal of Complementary and Integrative Medicine, 5(1).DOI: 10.2202/1553-3840.1105
Mahanta B: Effect of Solanum torvum Sw. (2023). methanolic extract on in-vitro and in-vivo models of inflammation. int j pharm sci & res; 14(2): 912-19. Doi: 10.13040/Ijpsr.0975-8232.14(2).912-19.
Berry, C. (2021). The chemical compounds of turkey berry (solanum torvum swartz) plants that are efficacious as medicine.Doi-10.47760/Ijpsm.2021.V06i08.013.
Shahparan Islam Shawon, Rashmia Nargis Reyda & Nazmul Qais. (2024). Medicinal herbs and their metabolites with biological potential to protect and combat liver toxicity and its disorders: a review. heliyon 10:3, pages e25340. Doi- Https://Doi.Org/10.1080/01480545.2021.2012905
Dhamodaran, S., Kothandam, R. & Ramachandran, S. (2022). Cytotoxicity and anticancer activity of aqueous leaf extract of solanum torvum on normal vero and human breast adenocarcinoma mcf-7 cell line. Indo global journal of pharmaceutical sciences, 12, 145-152. Doi- Https://Doi.Org/10.35652/Igjps.2022.12016
Ibrahim, I., Bardoe, D. & Hayford, D. (2023). Erythropoietic, hematinic and leucocytic activities of the aqueous extracts of the fruits and leaves of Solanum torvum. Biorxiv, 2023-04. Doi- Https://Doi.Org/10.1101/2023.04.04.535631
Mohan, S., kamble, S., gadhi, S., & kasture, S. (2010). Protective effect of Solanum torvum on doxorubicin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. Food and chemical toxicology, 48(1), 436-440.doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2009.10.042
Yagmurca, M., Erdogan, H., Iraz, M., Songur, A., Ucar, M. & Fadillioglu, E. (2004). Caffeic acid phenethyl ester as a protective agent against doxorubicin nephrotoxicity in rats. Clinica Chimica Acta, 348(1-2), 27-34.Doi: 10.1016/J.Cccn.2004.03.035
Yilmaz, S., Atessahin, A., Sahna, E., Karahan, I. & Ozer, S. (2006). Protective effect of lycopene on adriamycin-induced cardiotoxicity and nephrotoxicity. Toxicology, 218(2-3), 164-171.Doi: 10.1016/J.Tox.2005.10.015
Panigrahi, S., Muthuraman, M. S., Natesan, R. & Pemiah, B. (2014). anticancer activity of ethanolic extract of Solanum torvum Sw. International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 6(Suppl 1), 93-8.
Hochstein, P., & Atallah, A. S. (1988). The nature of oxidants and antioxidant systems in the inhibition of mutation and cancer. Mutation Research Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis, 202(2), 363-375.Doi: 10.1016/0027-5107(88)90198-4
Gothoskar, S. V., & Ranadive, K. J. (1971). Anticancer screening of sanab: an extract of marking nut, Semecarpus anacardium. Indian J Exp Biol., 9(3), 372-5.
Gandhi, G. R., Ignacimuthu, S., Paulraj, M. G., & Sasikumar, P. (2011). Antihyperglycemic activity and antidiabetic effect of methyl caffeate isolated from Solanum torvum swartz. fruit in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. European Journal of Pharmacology, 670(2-3), 623-631.Doi: 10.1016/J.Ejphar.2011.09.159
Daisy, P., Balasubramanian, K., Rajalakshmi, M., Eliza, J. & Selvaraj, J. (2010). Insulin mimetic impact of catechin isolated from Cassia fistula on the glucose oxidation and molecular mechanisms of glucose uptake on streptozotocin-induced diabetic wistar rats. Phytomedicine, 17(1), 28-36.Doi: 10.1016/J.Phymed.2009.10.018
Jain, S., Bhatia, G., Barik, R., Kumar, P., Jain, A. & Dixit, V. K. (2010). Antidiabetic activity of Paspalum scrobiculatum linn. in alloxan induced diabetic rats. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 127(2), 325-328.Doi: 10.1016/J.Jep.2009.10.038
Liu, Y., Wan, Q., Guan, Q., Gao, L., & Zhao, J. (2006). High-fat diet feeding impairs both the expression and activity of ampka in rats’ skeletal muscle. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 339(2), 701-707.Doi: 10.1016/J.Bbrc.2005.11.068
Nguelefack, T. B., Feumebo, C. B., Ateufack, G., Watcho, P., Tatsimo, S., Atsamo, A. D., ... & Kamanyi, A. (2008). Anti-ulcerogenic properties of the aqueous and methanol extracts from the leaves of Solanum torvum swartz (solanaceae) in rats. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 119(1), 135-140.Doi: 10.1016/J.Jep.2008.06.008
Ateufack, G., Nguelefack, T. B., Wabo, H. K., Watcho, P., Tane, P. & Kamanyi, A. (2006). Antiulcer effects of the aqueous and organic extracts of the stem bark of Anthocleista vogelii. in rats. Pharmaceutical Biology, 44(3), 166-171.Doi: 10.1080/13880200600685915
Shay, H. (1945). A simple method for the uniform production of gastric ulceration in the rats. Gastroenterology, 5, 143-149.
Antonio, J. M., Gracioso, J. S., Toma, W., Lopez, L. C., Oliveira, F., & Brito, A. S. (2004). Antiulcerogenic activity of ethanol extract of Solanum variabile (False “Jurubeba”). Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 93(1), 83-88.Doi: 10.1016/J.Jep.2004.03.031
Ramamurthy, C. H., Kumar, M. S., Suyavaran, V. S. A., Mareeswaran, R. & Thirunavukkarasu, C. (2012). Evaluation of antioxidant, radical scavenging activity and polyphenolics profile in Solanum torvum l. fruits. Journal of Food Science, 77(8), C907-C913.Doi: 10.1111/J.1750-3841.2012.02830.X
Barros, L., Baptista, P. & Ferreira, I. C. (2007). Effect of Lactarius piperatus fruiting body maturity stage on antioxidant activity measured by several biochemical assays. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 45(9), 1731-1737.Doi: 10.1016/J.Fct.2007.03.006
Oyaizu, M. (1988). Antioxidative activities of browning products of glucosamine fractionated by organic solvent and thin-layer chromatography. Nippon Shokuhin kogyo gakkaishi, 35(11), 771-775. Doi: 10.3136/Nskkk1962.35.11_771
Abhishek, R. U., Thippeswamy, S., Manjunath, K. & Mohana, D. C. (2015). Antifungal and antimycotoxigenic potency of solanum torvum swartz. leaf extract: isolation and identification of compound active against mycotoxigenic strains of Aspergillus flavus and fusarium verticillioides. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 119(6), 1624-1636.Doi: 10.1111/Jam.12956
Kumar, A., Shukla, R., Singh, P., Prasad, C. S. & Dubey, N. K. (2008). Assessment of Thymus vulgaris l. essential oil as a safe botanical preservative against post harvest fungal infestation of food commodities. Innovative Food Science & Emerging Technologies, 9(4), 575-580.Doi: 10.1016/J.Ifset.2007.12.005
Thippeswamy, S., Mohana, D. C., Abhishek, R. U. & Manjunath, K. (2013). Efficacy of bioactive compounds isolated from Albizia amara and Albizia saman as source of antifungal and antiaflatoxigenic agents. Journal für Verbraucherschutz and Lebensmittelsicherheit, 8, 297-305.Doi: 10.1007/S00003-013-0839-7
Tuan Anuar, T. A. F. (2023). Solanum torvum for hypertension: a systematic review. Research Journal of Pharmacognosy, 10(2), 75-84.Doi: 10.22127/Rjp.2023.367448.2000
Koffuor, G. A., Amoateng, P. & Andey, T. A. (2011). Immunomodulatory and erythropoietic effects of aqueous extract of the fruits of Solanum torvum swartz (Solanaceae). Pharmacognosy Research, 3(2), 130.doi: 10.4103/0974-8490.81961
Shalaby, M. A., El Zorba, H. Y., & Kamel, G. M. (2004). Effect of a tocopherol and simvastatin On male fertility in hypercholesterolemic rats. Pharmacological Research, 50(2), 137-142.Doi:10.1016/J.Phrs.2003.10.013
Wannasiri, S., Chansakaow, S. & Sireeratawong, S. (2017). Effects of Solanum torvum fruit water extract on hyperlipidemia and sex hormones in high-fat fed male rats. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine, 7(5), 401-405.Doi: 10.1016/J.Apjtb.2017.01.027
Ndebia, E. J., Kamgang, R. & Nkeh-Chungaganye, B. N. (2007). Analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties of aqueous extract from leaves of Solanum torvum (Solanaceae). African Journal Of Traditional, Complementary And Alternative Medicines, 4(2), 240-244.
Nkeh, B. C. A., Njamen, D., Wandji, J., Fomum, Z. T., Dongmo, A., Nguelefack, T. B., ... & Kamanyi, A. (2003). Anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of drypemolundein A, a sesquiterpene lactone from Drypetes molunduana. Pharmaceutical Biology, 41(1), 26-30.Doi: 10.1076/Phbi.41.1.26.14704
Dongmo, A. B., Kamanyi, A., Anchang, M. S., Nkeh, B. C. A., Njamen, D., Nguelefack, T. B., ... & Wagner, H. (2001). Anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties of the stem bark extracts of Erythrophleum suaveolens (Caesalpiniaceae), Guillemin & Perrottet. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 77(2-3), 137-141.Doi: 10.1016/S0378-8741(01)00296-3
Wayne, P. A. (2002). National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards. Performance standards for antimicrobial disc susceptibility testing, 12, 01-53.
Mohan, M., Attarde, D., Momin, R. & Kasture, S. (2013). Antidepressant, anxiolytic and adaptogenic activity of Torvanol A: An isoflavonoid from seeds of Solanum torvum. Natural Product Research, 27(22), 2140-2143.Doi: 10.1080/14786419.2013.778853
Steru, L., Chermat, R., Thierry, B. & Simon, P. (1985). The tail suspension test: A new method for screening antidepressants in mice. Psychopharmacology, 85, 367-370.Doi: 10.1007/Bf00428203
Thierry, B., Steru, L., Simon, P. & Porsolt, R. D. (1986). The tail suspension test: ethical considerations. Psychopharmacology, 90, 284-285. Doi: 10.1007/Bf00181261
Issue
Section
Research Articles
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
This work is licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0) © Author (s)
How to Cite
Pharmacognostical, phytochemical and phytopharmacological activities of Solanum torvum utilized as a traditional medicinal herb: A review. (2024). Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 16(3), 1317-1334. https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v16i3.5799
