Acceptability of Kamias (Averrhoa bilimbi L.) fruit extract as an additive for dishwashing liquid
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.main##
Abstract
Recently, there has been a growing interest in utilizing natural additives in household cleaning products to promote sustainability and reduce chemical usage. Kamias (Averrhoa bilimbi) fruit, known for its acidic properties and potential antimicrobial effects, presents a viable alternative for enhancing the quality and safety of dishwashing liquids. The present study was conducted to utilize Kamias (A. bilimbi) fruit extract as an additive in the production of dishwashing liquid. Physical and microbial tests were performed to ensure the dishwashing liquid's quality, consistency and microbial safety. These tests measured pH, specific gravity, total plate count, Staphylococcus aureus , and Escherichia coli detection. A 4-point Hedonic scale using a modified sensory evaluation tool was used to describe the acceptability of the dishwashing liquid in terms of appearance, fragrance, texture (hand-feel), longevity of suds, degreasing power, and overall quality. The study showed that the appearance ( 3.50), degreasing power ( 3.57), and overall quality ( 3.63) of Kamias fruit extract dishwashing liquid were liked very much. The texture (hand-feel) was interpreted as liked moderately, with a mean value of 3.47. In terms of fragrance ( 3.40) and longevity of suds ( 3.20), the Kamias dishwashing liquid was liked moderately. Data also showed that Kamias dishwashing liquid has a pH (7.00 @ 22.20C) in the neutral range and a specific gravity of 1.0290, which indicates its density relative to water. Furthermore, the detected microbial count demonstrated a significantly low microbial load (<10 Est.) as determined by the total plate count data. The absence of S. aureus and E. coli indicated a hygienic state, increasing the sample's safety quotient across various applications.
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.details##
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.details##
Keywords
Acceptability, Averrhoa bilimbi L., Fruit extract, Dishwashing Liquid, Hedonic scale, Microbial evaluation
References
Abraham, C. (2016). Antibacterial effects of Averrhoa bilimbi L. fruit extracts. International Research Journal of Biological Sciences. 5 (8), 72-74.
Addo-Preko, E., Amissah, J. G. N. & Adjei, M. Y. B. (2023). The relevance of the number of categories in the hedonic scale to the Ghanaian consumer in acceptance testing. Frontiers in Food Science and Technology, 3, 1071216. https://doi.org/10.3389/frfst.2023.1071216.
Afifah, R. N., Rezapratama, M. S., Isa, M. N., Nugroho, G. D., & Setyawan, A. D. (2023). Biodiversity of fruit plants (edibles) at the Kentingan Campus of Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Central Java, Indonesia. Genbinesia Journal of Biology, 2(3), 141-161. https://doi.org/10.55655/genbinesia.v2i3.38.
Afroja, S., et. al. (2017). Antibacterial activity of Citrus Fruits. Specialty Journal of Medical Research and Health Sciences, 2 (1), 25-32.
Alhassan, A. M. & Ahmed, Q. U. (2016). Averrhoa bilimbi Linn.: A review of its ethnomedicinal uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacology. Journal of pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences, 8(4), 265-271.
Ariyasoma, U. M. U. R. & Wathugala, D. L. (2023). Nutritional and therapeutic attributes of neglected and underutilized fruit crops in Sri Lanka and their potential applications in value addition. DOI : 10.53552/ijmfmap.9.2.2023. 42-51
Asio, V. B., Jahn, R., Perez, F. O., Navarrete, I. A. &Abit Jr, S. M. (2009). A review of soil degradation in the Philippines. Annals of Tropical Research, 31(2), 69-94.
Borković, A., Dugić, P., Botić, T., Tatić, S., Markuljević, D., Drljača, D. & Dragić, D. (2021). Efficiency of degreasing by dishwashing detergents. Technologica Acta: Scientific/professional journal of chemistry and technology, 14(2), 23-29. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6371252
Carating, R. B., Galanta, R. G. & Bacatio, C. D. (2014). The Soils of the Lowlands. In R. B.Carating, R. G. Galanta, & C. D. Bacatio, The Soils of the Philippines (pp. 51–106). Springer Netherlands. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-8682-9_2
Chitra, R., Karthikeyan, S. & Parthiban, S. (2023). Curry Leaf, Bilimbi, Carambola, Indian Tree Pepper, and Wild Mango. In Handbook of Spices in India: 75 Years of Research and Development (pp. 3043-3100). Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-3728-6_45
Dai, M., Guo, J., Xue, X. et al. Preparation and Investigation of High-Efficiency Antibacterial Liquid Dishwashing Detergent. Trans. Tianjin Univ. 25, 322–329 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12209-019-00187-x
Datiles, M. J., & Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. (2022). Caesalpinia pulcherrima (peacock flower), CABI Compendium. CABI International. doi, 10.
De Moura, I. E. M. O. & Da Silva, E. A. (2024). Eco-efficiency assessment of liquid dishwashing detergents. International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 21(3), 3235-3256. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-023-05175-2
Desi Ardilla, Rangkuti, K., & M. Taufik. (2023). Utilization of eucalyptus grandis leaf waste in the production of vco based liquid soap. Biolink (Jurnal Biologi Lingkungan Industri Kesehatan), 9(2), 190–200. https://doi.org/10.31289/biolink.v9i2.8535
Ferreira, J. N., Pinheiro-Sant’Ana, H. M., Lucia, C. M. D., Teixeira, R. D. B. L. & Cardoso, L. D. M. (2021). Chemical composition, vitamins, and minerals of family farming biribiri (Averrhoa bilimbi L.) in the Middle Doce River region, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Ciência Rural, 52, e20200816. https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-8478cr20200816
Garg, M., Chaudhary, S. K., Kumari, S. & Goyal, A. (2022). Phytochemical, Biological and Traditional Claims on Averrhoa bilimbi: An Overview. Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 84(3).
Gupta, S., & Gupta, R. (2024). Star fruit (Averrhoa carambola L.): Exploring the wonders of Indian folklore and the miracles of traditional healing. International Journal of Secondary Metabolite, 11(2), 378-393. https://doi.org/10.21448/ijsm.1348465
Harini, P., & Muralidharan, N. P. (2021). Microbial load in Kitchen Dish wash scrubber. Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International, 33(48B), 212-217. https://doi.org/10.9734/jpri/2021/v33i48B33278
Hasanuzzaman, Md., Ali, Md. R., Hossain, M., Kuri, S., & Islam, M. S. (2013). Evaluation of total phenolic content, free radical scavenging activity and phytochemical screening of different extracts of Averrhoa bilimbi (fruits). International Current Pharmaceutical Journal, 2(4), 92–96. https://doi.org/10.3329/icpj.v2i4.14058
Heymann, H. (2019). A personal history of sensory science. Food, Culture & Society, 22(2), 203-223. https://doi.org/10.1080/15528014.2019.1573043
Iwansyah, A. C., Desnilasari, D., Agustina, W., Pramesti, D., Indriati, A., Mayasti, N. K. I., ... & Kormin, F. B. (2021). Evaluation on the physicochemical properties and mineral contents of Averrhoa bilimbi L. leaves dried extract and its antioxidant and antibacterial capacities. Food Science and Technology, 41, 987-992. https://doi.org/10.1590/fst.15420
Jayawardane, K. M., Hettiarachchi, H. A. C. O. & Gunathilake, K. D. P. P. (2022). Functional properties of Averrhoa bilimbi and green synthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles using its fruit extracts. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22271/plants.2022.v10.i2a.1385
Kamrul, Islam Siddique. (2013). Phytochemical screenings, thrombolytic activity andantimicrobial properties of the bark extracts of Averrhoa bilimbi. Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science. https://doi.org/10.7324/JAPS.2013.30318
Karanth, S., Feng, S., Patra, D., & Pradhan, A. K. (2023). Linking microbial contamination to food spoilage and food waste: The role of smart packaging, spoilage risk assessments, and date labeling. Frontiers in Microbiology, 14, 1198124. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1198124
Kumar, K. A., Gousia, S., & Latha, J. N. L. (2013). A review on phytochemical constituents and biological assays of Averrhoa bilimbi. International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science Research, 3 (4), 136-139
Lao, M., (2015). Hematologic effect of Averrhoa bilimbi (Kamias) ethanolic extract. Global Forum on Research and Innovation for Health. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2015-forum2015abstracts.34
Leliqia, N. P. E., &Safitri, I. (2021). A review of phytochemical properties, antibacterial activity, and toxicity study of Averrhoa bilimbi leaves and fruit. Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Application, 3(1), 32. https://doi.org/10.24843/JPSA.2021.v03.i01.p04
McGoverin, C., Steed, C., Esan, A., Robertson, J., Swift, S. & Vanholsbeeck, F. (2021). Optical methods for bacterial detection and characterization. APL Photonics, 6(8). https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0057787
Milton, D. L., Johnson, T. W., Johnson, K., Murphy, B., Carter, H., Hurt, R. T., ... & Hussey, J. (2020). Accepted safe food‐handling procedures minimizes microbial contamination of home‐prepared blenderized tube‐feeding. Nutrition in clinical practice, 35(3), 479-486. https://doi.org/10.1002/ncp.10450
Mokhtar, S. I., & Aziz, N. A. A. (2016). Antimicrobial properties of Averrhoa bilimbi extracts at different maturity stages. J Med Microb Diagn, 5(3), 2161-0703. DOI: 10.4172/2161-0703.1000233
Møretrø, T., Almli, V. L., Åsli, A. W., Kummen, C., Galler, M., & Langsrud, S. (2022). Kitchen cloths: Consumer practices, drying properties and bacterial growth and survival. Food Control, 142, 109195. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2022.109195
Møretrø, T., Moen, B., Almli, V. L., Teixeira, P., Ferreira, V. B., Åsli, A. W., ... & Langsrud, S. (2021). Dishwashing sponges and brushes: consumer practices and bacterial growth and survival. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 337, 108928. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2020.108928
Nazdrajic, S., Bratovcic, A., Alibegic, D., Micijevic, A. & Mehovic, M. (2024). The effect of mixed surfactants on viscosity, pH and stability of synthesized liquid soaps. DOI: 10.5923/j.ijmc.20241403.01
Ogodo, A. C., Agwaranze, D. I., Daji, M. & Aso, R. E. (2022). Microbial techniques and methods: basic techniques and microscopy. In: Analytical Techniques in Biosciences (pp. 201-220). Academic Press. DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-12-822654-4.00003-8
Pacheappan, G. D., Samsudin, N. I. P. & Hasan, H. (2022). The effects of different disinfectants and application conditions on microbial contaminants at dairy processing line. Journal of Food Processing and Preservation, 46(1), e16172. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfpp.16172
Palaniappan, K., Karin, L. & Shridharan, M. (2021). Effects of hand soap, detergent and dishwashing soap on bacterial microbiome, sebum and pH of skin. In: Guo, H., Ren, H., Kim, N. (eds) IRC-SET 2020. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-9472-4_15
Ravindran, P.N. (2024). Spices: Definition, Classification, History, and Role in Indian Life. In: Ravindran, P.N., Sivaraman, K., Devasahayam, S. & Babu, K.N. (eds) Handbook of Spices in India: 75 Years of Research and Development. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-3728-6_1
Rungyuttapakorn, C. & Wongwatcharapaiboon, J. (2020). Eco-Design product development for alternative dishwashing detergent.11th Built Environment Research Associates Conference, BERAC2020 Bangkok, Thailand, June 25th, 2020
Sidel, J. L., Bleibaum, R. N. & Tao, K. C. (2018). Quantitative descriptive analysis. Descriptive analysis in sensory evaluation, 287-318. https://doi.org/10.1002/97 81118991657.ch8
Sirisilla, S. (2023). Experimental Research Design — 6 mistakes you should never make! Retrieved from https://www.enago.com/academy/experimental-research-design/.
Swedha, S. (2022). Review on potential importance and value added products of Averrho abilimbi Linn.
Zulwazi, N. M. M., Azmi, N. A. & Nawi, A. A. (2023). Dishwashing Soap from Waste Cooking Oil. Multidisciplinary Applied Research and Innovation, 4(2), 215-220.
Addo-Preko, E., Amissah, J. G. N. & Adjei, M. Y. B. (2023). The relevance of the number of categories in the hedonic scale to the Ghanaian consumer in acceptance testing. Frontiers in Food Science and Technology, 3, 1071216. https://doi.org/10.3389/frfst.2023.1071216.
Afifah, R. N., Rezapratama, M. S., Isa, M. N., Nugroho, G. D., & Setyawan, A. D. (2023). Biodiversity of fruit plants (edibles) at the Kentingan Campus of Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Central Java, Indonesia. Genbinesia Journal of Biology, 2(3), 141-161. https://doi.org/10.55655/genbinesia.v2i3.38.
Afroja, S., et. al. (2017). Antibacterial activity of Citrus Fruits. Specialty Journal of Medical Research and Health Sciences, 2 (1), 25-32.
Alhassan, A. M. & Ahmed, Q. U. (2016). Averrhoa bilimbi Linn.: A review of its ethnomedicinal uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacology. Journal of pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences, 8(4), 265-271.
Ariyasoma, U. M. U. R. & Wathugala, D. L. (2023). Nutritional and therapeutic attributes of neglected and underutilized fruit crops in Sri Lanka and their potential applications in value addition. DOI : 10.53552/ijmfmap.9.2.2023. 42-51
Asio, V. B., Jahn, R., Perez, F. O., Navarrete, I. A. &Abit Jr, S. M. (2009). A review of soil degradation in the Philippines. Annals of Tropical Research, 31(2), 69-94.
Borković, A., Dugić, P., Botić, T., Tatić, S., Markuljević, D., Drljača, D. & Dragić, D. (2021). Efficiency of degreasing by dishwashing detergents. Technologica Acta: Scientific/professional journal of chemistry and technology, 14(2), 23-29. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6371252
Carating, R. B., Galanta, R. G. & Bacatio, C. D. (2014). The Soils of the Lowlands. In R. B.Carating, R. G. Galanta, & C. D. Bacatio, The Soils of the Philippines (pp. 51–106). Springer Netherlands. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-8682-9_2
Chitra, R., Karthikeyan, S. & Parthiban, S. (2023). Curry Leaf, Bilimbi, Carambola, Indian Tree Pepper, and Wild Mango. In Handbook of Spices in India: 75 Years of Research and Development (pp. 3043-3100). Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-3728-6_45
Dai, M., Guo, J., Xue, X. et al. Preparation and Investigation of High-Efficiency Antibacterial Liquid Dishwashing Detergent. Trans. Tianjin Univ. 25, 322–329 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12209-019-00187-x
Datiles, M. J., & Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. (2022). Caesalpinia pulcherrima (peacock flower), CABI Compendium. CABI International. doi, 10.
De Moura, I. E. M. O. & Da Silva, E. A. (2024). Eco-efficiency assessment of liquid dishwashing detergents. International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 21(3), 3235-3256. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-023-05175-2
Desi Ardilla, Rangkuti, K., & M. Taufik. (2023). Utilization of eucalyptus grandis leaf waste in the production of vco based liquid soap. Biolink (Jurnal Biologi Lingkungan Industri Kesehatan), 9(2), 190–200. https://doi.org/10.31289/biolink.v9i2.8535
Ferreira, J. N., Pinheiro-Sant’Ana, H. M., Lucia, C. M. D., Teixeira, R. D. B. L. & Cardoso, L. D. M. (2021). Chemical composition, vitamins, and minerals of family farming biribiri (Averrhoa bilimbi L.) in the Middle Doce River region, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Ciência Rural, 52, e20200816. https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-8478cr20200816
Garg, M., Chaudhary, S. K., Kumari, S. & Goyal, A. (2022). Phytochemical, Biological and Traditional Claims on Averrhoa bilimbi: An Overview. Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 84(3).
Gupta, S., & Gupta, R. (2024). Star fruit (Averrhoa carambola L.): Exploring the wonders of Indian folklore and the miracles of traditional healing. International Journal of Secondary Metabolite, 11(2), 378-393. https://doi.org/10.21448/ijsm.1348465
Harini, P., & Muralidharan, N. P. (2021). Microbial load in Kitchen Dish wash scrubber. Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International, 33(48B), 212-217. https://doi.org/10.9734/jpri/2021/v33i48B33278
Hasanuzzaman, Md., Ali, Md. R., Hossain, M., Kuri, S., & Islam, M. S. (2013). Evaluation of total phenolic content, free radical scavenging activity and phytochemical screening of different extracts of Averrhoa bilimbi (fruits). International Current Pharmaceutical Journal, 2(4), 92–96. https://doi.org/10.3329/icpj.v2i4.14058
Heymann, H. (2019). A personal history of sensory science. Food, Culture & Society, 22(2), 203-223. https://doi.org/10.1080/15528014.2019.1573043
Iwansyah, A. C., Desnilasari, D., Agustina, W., Pramesti, D., Indriati, A., Mayasti, N. K. I., ... & Kormin, F. B. (2021). Evaluation on the physicochemical properties and mineral contents of Averrhoa bilimbi L. leaves dried extract and its antioxidant and antibacterial capacities. Food Science and Technology, 41, 987-992. https://doi.org/10.1590/fst.15420
Jayawardane, K. M., Hettiarachchi, H. A. C. O. & Gunathilake, K. D. P. P. (2022). Functional properties of Averrhoa bilimbi and green synthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles using its fruit extracts. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22271/plants.2022.v10.i2a.1385
Kamrul, Islam Siddique. (2013). Phytochemical screenings, thrombolytic activity andantimicrobial properties of the bark extracts of Averrhoa bilimbi. Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science. https://doi.org/10.7324/JAPS.2013.30318
Karanth, S., Feng, S., Patra, D., & Pradhan, A. K. (2023). Linking microbial contamination to food spoilage and food waste: The role of smart packaging, spoilage risk assessments, and date labeling. Frontiers in Microbiology, 14, 1198124. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1198124
Kumar, K. A., Gousia, S., & Latha, J. N. L. (2013). A review on phytochemical constituents and biological assays of Averrhoa bilimbi. International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science Research, 3 (4), 136-139
Lao, M., (2015). Hematologic effect of Averrhoa bilimbi (Kamias) ethanolic extract. Global Forum on Research and Innovation for Health. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2015-forum2015abstracts.34
Leliqia, N. P. E., &Safitri, I. (2021). A review of phytochemical properties, antibacterial activity, and toxicity study of Averrhoa bilimbi leaves and fruit. Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Application, 3(1), 32. https://doi.org/10.24843/JPSA.2021.v03.i01.p04
McGoverin, C., Steed, C., Esan, A., Robertson, J., Swift, S. & Vanholsbeeck, F. (2021). Optical methods for bacterial detection and characterization. APL Photonics, 6(8). https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0057787
Milton, D. L., Johnson, T. W., Johnson, K., Murphy, B., Carter, H., Hurt, R. T., ... & Hussey, J. (2020). Accepted safe food‐handling procedures minimizes microbial contamination of home‐prepared blenderized tube‐feeding. Nutrition in clinical practice, 35(3), 479-486. https://doi.org/10.1002/ncp.10450
Mokhtar, S. I., & Aziz, N. A. A. (2016). Antimicrobial properties of Averrhoa bilimbi extracts at different maturity stages. J Med Microb Diagn, 5(3), 2161-0703. DOI: 10.4172/2161-0703.1000233
Møretrø, T., Almli, V. L., Åsli, A. W., Kummen, C., Galler, M., & Langsrud, S. (2022). Kitchen cloths: Consumer practices, drying properties and bacterial growth and survival. Food Control, 142, 109195. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2022.109195
Møretrø, T., Moen, B., Almli, V. L., Teixeira, P., Ferreira, V. B., Åsli, A. W., ... & Langsrud, S. (2021). Dishwashing sponges and brushes: consumer practices and bacterial growth and survival. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 337, 108928. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2020.108928
Nazdrajic, S., Bratovcic, A., Alibegic, D., Micijevic, A. & Mehovic, M. (2024). The effect of mixed surfactants on viscosity, pH and stability of synthesized liquid soaps. DOI: 10.5923/j.ijmc.20241403.01
Ogodo, A. C., Agwaranze, D. I., Daji, M. & Aso, R. E. (2022). Microbial techniques and methods: basic techniques and microscopy. In: Analytical Techniques in Biosciences (pp. 201-220). Academic Press. DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-12-822654-4.00003-8
Pacheappan, G. D., Samsudin, N. I. P. & Hasan, H. (2022). The effects of different disinfectants and application conditions on microbial contaminants at dairy processing line. Journal of Food Processing and Preservation, 46(1), e16172. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfpp.16172
Palaniappan, K., Karin, L. & Shridharan, M. (2021). Effects of hand soap, detergent and dishwashing soap on bacterial microbiome, sebum and pH of skin. In: Guo, H., Ren, H., Kim, N. (eds) IRC-SET 2020. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-9472-4_15
Ravindran, P.N. (2024). Spices: Definition, Classification, History, and Role in Indian Life. In: Ravindran, P.N., Sivaraman, K., Devasahayam, S. & Babu, K.N. (eds) Handbook of Spices in India: 75 Years of Research and Development. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-3728-6_1
Rungyuttapakorn, C. & Wongwatcharapaiboon, J. (2020). Eco-Design product development for alternative dishwashing detergent.11th Built Environment Research Associates Conference, BERAC2020 Bangkok, Thailand, June 25th, 2020
Sidel, J. L., Bleibaum, R. N. & Tao, K. C. (2018). Quantitative descriptive analysis. Descriptive analysis in sensory evaluation, 287-318. https://doi.org/10.1002/97 81118991657.ch8
Sirisilla, S. (2023). Experimental Research Design — 6 mistakes you should never make! Retrieved from https://www.enago.com/academy/experimental-research-design/.
Swedha, S. (2022). Review on potential importance and value added products of Averrho abilimbi Linn.
Zulwazi, N. M. M., Azmi, N. A. & Nawi, A. A. (2023). Dishwashing Soap from Waste Cooking Oil. Multidisciplinary Applied Research and Innovation, 4(2), 215-220.
Issue
Section
Research Articles
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
This work is licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0) © Author (s)
How to Cite
Acceptability of Kamias (Averrhoa bilimbi L.) fruit extract as an additive for dishwashing liquid. (2024). Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 16(3), 1265-1272. https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v16i3.5791
