Utilization of chlorophyll content index (CCI) to infer yellow rust severity in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
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Abstract
Stripe rust caused by Puccinia striformis Westend. f. sp. tritici Eriks. (Pst) is a major constraint to wheat production in Northern India. In this study, 616 indigenous germplasm (IC) accessions of wheat were screened under field conditions against mixture of Pst isolates at DWR Karnal during 2012-13 crop season. Out of 616 accessions, 197 accessions were observed to be resistant (R), 115 moderately resistant (MR) to moderately susceptible (MS) and 304 as susceptible (S) against yellow rust. On the basis of days to heading, the accessions were grouped into four classes (early, medium early, medium late and late). Chlorophyll content index (CCI) recorded in flag leaf showed significant differences between resistant and susceptible lines in each classified group at 5% level of significance. The difference for CCI between resistant and moderately resistant plants was negligible, however in comparison with resistant plants, susceptible plants showed loss of 35-39% of chlorophyll. There was negative correlation (a correlation coefficient of – 0.60) between chlorophyll content and disease severity due to stripe rust in susceptible accessions.
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Keywords
Chlorophyll reduction, Disease severity, Stripe rust, Wheat
References
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Anonymous, (2014). Progress report of All India Coordinated Wheat & Barlry Improvement Project 2013-14, Project Director’s report. Ed: Indu Sharma, Directorate of Wheat Research, Karnal, India. pp 120.
Arentzen, C.J. (1972). Inhibition of photophosphorylation by tentoxin, a cyclic tetrapeptide. Biochim. Biophys. Acta., 283: 539-542.
Berghaus, R. and Reisener, H.J. (1985). Changes in photosynthesis of wheat plants infected with wheat stem rust (Puccinia graminis f.sp. tritici). Phyotopathol Z, 112: 165-172.
Biber, P.D. (2007). Evaluating a Chlorophyll Content Meter on Three Coastal Wetland Plant Species. J. Agril Food Environ Sci, 24: 1-15.
Chen, X.M. (2005). Epidemiology and control of stripe rust (Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici) on wheat. Can J Plant Pathol, 27: 314–337.
Devadas, R., Lamb, D.W., Simpfendorfer, S. and Backhouse, D. (2009). Evaluating ten spectral vegetation indices for identifying rust infection in individual wheat leaves. Precision Agric 10: 459–470.
Gomez, K.A. and Gomez, A.A. (1984). Statistical Procedures for Agricultural Research, 2nd ed. John Wiley, New York.
Goodman, R.N., Kiraly, Z. and Wood, K.R. (1986). Photosynthesis. In: The Biochemistry and Physiology of Plant disease. University of Missouri Press, Columbia. pp 46-74.
Herrera-Foessel, S.A., Lagudah, E.S., Huerta-Espino, J., Hayden, M., Bariana, H.S., Singh, D. and Singh, R.P. (2011). New slow rusting leaf rust and stripe rust resistance genes Lr67 and Yr46 are pleiotropic or closely linked. Theor. Appl. Genet., 122: 239-249.
Huang, W., Huang, M., Liangyun, L., Jihua, W., Chunjiang, Z. and Jindi, W. (2005). Inversion of the severity of winter wheat yellow rust using proper hyper spectral index. Transactions of the CSAE, 21(4): 97-103.
Huang, L.S., Zhao, J.L., Zhang, D.Y., Yuan, L., Dong, Y.Y. and Zhang, J.C. (2012). Identifying and mapping stripe rust in winter wheat using multi-temporal airborne hyperspectal images. Int J Agric Biol, 14: 697–704.
Huang, W., Lamb, D.W., Niu, Z., Zhang, Y., Liu, L. and Wang, J. (2007). Identification of yellow rust in wheat using in-situ spectral reflectance measurements and airborne hyperspectral imaging. Precision Agric, 8: 187–197.
Line, R.F. and Chen, X.M. (1995). Success in breeding for and managing durable resistance to wheat rusts. Plant Dis., 79: 1254-1255.
Magyarosy, A.C., Schurmann, P. and Buchanan, B.B. (1976). Effect of powdery mildew infection on photosynthesis by leaves and chloroplasts of sugarbeets. Plant Physiol., 57: 486-489.
Moshoua, D., Bravo, C., West, J., Wahlen, S., McCartney, A. and Ramona, H. (2004). Automatic detection of ‘yellow rust in wheat using reflectance measurements and neural networks. Comput Electron Agr, 44: 173–188.
Mathre, D.E. (1968). Photosynthetic activities of cotton plant infected with Verticillium albo-atrum. Phytopath, 58: 137-141.
McGrath, M.T. and Pennypacker, S.P. (1990). Alteration of physiological process in wheat flag leaves caused by stem and leaf rust. Phtyopath, 80: 677-686.
McIntosh, R.A., Dubcovsky, J., Rogers, J., Morris, C., Appels, R. and Xia, X. (2010). Catalogue of gene symbols for wheat: 2010 supplement. http://www.shigen.nig.ac.jp/wheat/komugi/genes/macgene/supplement2010.pdf.
Mitchell, D.T. (1979). Carbon dioxide exchange by infected first leaf tissue susceptible to wheat stem rust. Trans. Br Mycol. Soc., 72: 63-68.
Montalbini, P. and Buchanan, B.B. (1974). Effect of rust infection on photophosphoryaltion by isolated chloroplasts. Physiol. Plant. Pathol., 4: 191-196.
Peterson, R.F., Champbell, A.B. and Hannah, A.E. (1948). A diagrammatic scale for estimating rust intensity of leaves and stem of cereals. Peterson RF C26:496-500.
Roelfs, A.P., Singh, R.P. and Saari, E.E. (1992). Rust diseases of wheat: concept and methods of disease management. CIMMYT, Mexico.
Sankaran, S., Mishra, A., Ehsani, R. and Davis, C. (2010). A review of advanced techniques for detecting plant diseases. Comput Electron Agr, 72: 1–13.
Singh, R.P., Huerta-Espino, J., Bhavani, S., Herrera-Foessel, S.A., Singh, D., Singh, P.K., Velu, G., Mason, R.E., Jin, Y., Njau, P. and Crossa, J. (2011). Race non-specific resistance to rust diseases in CIMMYT wheats. Euphytica, 179: 175-186.
Singh, R.P., William, H.M., Huerta-Espino, J. and Rose-warne, G. (2004). Wheat rust in Asia: meeting the challenges with old and new technologies. In: New directions for a diverse planet. Proceedings of the 4th international crop science congress, 26 September -1-October 2004, Brisbane, Australia.
Spikes, J.D. and Stout, M. (1955). Photochemical activity of chloroplasts isolated from sugarbeet infected with virus yellows. Science, 122: 375-376.
Spitters, C.J.T., Van Roermund, H.J.W., Van Nassau, H.G.M.G., Schepers, J. and Mesdag, J. (1990). Genetic variation in partial resistance to leaf rust in winter wheat: disease progress, foliage senescence and yield reduction. Netherlands J Plant Path, 96(1): 3-15.
Wynn, W.K. (1963). Photosynthetic phosphorylation by chloroplasts isolated from rust infected oats. Phytopath, 53: 1376-1377.
Zaitlin, M. and Jagendrof, A.T. (1960). Photosynthetic phosphorylation and Hill reaction activities of chloro-plasts isolated from plants infected with tobacco mosaic virus. Virology, 12: 477-486.
Zhang, J., Huang, W., Li, J., Yang, G., Luo, J., Gu, X. and Wang, J. (2011). Development, evaluation and applica-tion of a spectral knowledge base to detect yellow rust in winter wheat. Precision Agric, 12: 716–731.
Anonymous, (2014). Progress report of All India Coordinated Wheat & Barlry Improvement Project 2013-14, Project Director’s report. Ed: Indu Sharma, Directorate of Wheat Research, Karnal, India. pp 120.
Arentzen, C.J. (1972). Inhibition of photophosphorylation by tentoxin, a cyclic tetrapeptide. Biochim. Biophys. Acta., 283: 539-542.
Berghaus, R. and Reisener, H.J. (1985). Changes in photosynthesis of wheat plants infected with wheat stem rust (Puccinia graminis f.sp. tritici). Phyotopathol Z, 112: 165-172.
Biber, P.D. (2007). Evaluating a Chlorophyll Content Meter on Three Coastal Wetland Plant Species. J. Agril Food Environ Sci, 24: 1-15.
Chen, X.M. (2005). Epidemiology and control of stripe rust (Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici) on wheat. Can J Plant Pathol, 27: 314–337.
Devadas, R., Lamb, D.W., Simpfendorfer, S. and Backhouse, D. (2009). Evaluating ten spectral vegetation indices for identifying rust infection in individual wheat leaves. Precision Agric 10: 459–470.
Gomez, K.A. and Gomez, A.A. (1984). Statistical Procedures for Agricultural Research, 2nd ed. John Wiley, New York.
Goodman, R.N., Kiraly, Z. and Wood, K.R. (1986). Photosynthesis. In: The Biochemistry and Physiology of Plant disease. University of Missouri Press, Columbia. pp 46-74.
Herrera-Foessel, S.A., Lagudah, E.S., Huerta-Espino, J., Hayden, M., Bariana, H.S., Singh, D. and Singh, R.P. (2011). New slow rusting leaf rust and stripe rust resistance genes Lr67 and Yr46 are pleiotropic or closely linked. Theor. Appl. Genet., 122: 239-249.
Huang, W., Huang, M., Liangyun, L., Jihua, W., Chunjiang, Z. and Jindi, W. (2005). Inversion of the severity of winter wheat yellow rust using proper hyper spectral index. Transactions of the CSAE, 21(4): 97-103.
Huang, L.S., Zhao, J.L., Zhang, D.Y., Yuan, L., Dong, Y.Y. and Zhang, J.C. (2012). Identifying and mapping stripe rust in winter wheat using multi-temporal airborne hyperspectal images. Int J Agric Biol, 14: 697–704.
Huang, W., Lamb, D.W., Niu, Z., Zhang, Y., Liu, L. and Wang, J. (2007). Identification of yellow rust in wheat using in-situ spectral reflectance measurements and airborne hyperspectral imaging. Precision Agric, 8: 187–197.
Line, R.F. and Chen, X.M. (1995). Success in breeding for and managing durable resistance to wheat rusts. Plant Dis., 79: 1254-1255.
Magyarosy, A.C., Schurmann, P. and Buchanan, B.B. (1976). Effect of powdery mildew infection on photosynthesis by leaves and chloroplasts of sugarbeets. Plant Physiol., 57: 486-489.
Moshoua, D., Bravo, C., West, J., Wahlen, S., McCartney, A. and Ramona, H. (2004). Automatic detection of ‘yellow rust in wheat using reflectance measurements and neural networks. Comput Electron Agr, 44: 173–188.
Mathre, D.E. (1968). Photosynthetic activities of cotton plant infected with Verticillium albo-atrum. Phytopath, 58: 137-141.
McGrath, M.T. and Pennypacker, S.P. (1990). Alteration of physiological process in wheat flag leaves caused by stem and leaf rust. Phtyopath, 80: 677-686.
McIntosh, R.A., Dubcovsky, J., Rogers, J., Morris, C., Appels, R. and Xia, X. (2010). Catalogue of gene symbols for wheat: 2010 supplement. http://www.shigen.nig.ac.jp/wheat/komugi/genes/macgene/supplement2010.pdf.
Mitchell, D.T. (1979). Carbon dioxide exchange by infected first leaf tissue susceptible to wheat stem rust. Trans. Br Mycol. Soc., 72: 63-68.
Montalbini, P. and Buchanan, B.B. (1974). Effect of rust infection on photophosphoryaltion by isolated chloroplasts. Physiol. Plant. Pathol., 4: 191-196.
Peterson, R.F., Champbell, A.B. and Hannah, A.E. (1948). A diagrammatic scale for estimating rust intensity of leaves and stem of cereals. Peterson RF C26:496-500.
Roelfs, A.P., Singh, R.P. and Saari, E.E. (1992). Rust diseases of wheat: concept and methods of disease management. CIMMYT, Mexico.
Sankaran, S., Mishra, A., Ehsani, R. and Davis, C. (2010). A review of advanced techniques for detecting plant diseases. Comput Electron Agr, 72: 1–13.
Singh, R.P., Huerta-Espino, J., Bhavani, S., Herrera-Foessel, S.A., Singh, D., Singh, P.K., Velu, G., Mason, R.E., Jin, Y., Njau, P. and Crossa, J. (2011). Race non-specific resistance to rust diseases in CIMMYT wheats. Euphytica, 179: 175-186.
Singh, R.P., William, H.M., Huerta-Espino, J. and Rose-warne, G. (2004). Wheat rust in Asia: meeting the challenges with old and new technologies. In: New directions for a diverse planet. Proceedings of the 4th international crop science congress, 26 September -1-October 2004, Brisbane, Australia.
Spikes, J.D. and Stout, M. (1955). Photochemical activity of chloroplasts isolated from sugarbeet infected with virus yellows. Science, 122: 375-376.
Spitters, C.J.T., Van Roermund, H.J.W., Van Nassau, H.G.M.G., Schepers, J. and Mesdag, J. (1990). Genetic variation in partial resistance to leaf rust in winter wheat: disease progress, foliage senescence and yield reduction. Netherlands J Plant Path, 96(1): 3-15.
Wynn, W.K. (1963). Photosynthetic phosphorylation by chloroplasts isolated from rust infected oats. Phytopath, 53: 1376-1377.
Zaitlin, M. and Jagendrof, A.T. (1960). Photosynthetic phosphorylation and Hill reaction activities of chloro-plasts isolated from plants infected with tobacco mosaic virus. Virology, 12: 477-486.
Zhang, J., Huang, W., Li, J., Yang, G., Luo, J., Gu, X. and Wang, J. (2011). Development, evaluation and applica-tion of a spectral knowledge base to detect yellow rust in winter wheat. Precision Agric, 12: 716–731.
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Utilization of chlorophyll content index (CCI) to infer yellow rust severity in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). (2015). Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 7(1), 38-42. https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v7i1.560
