Agromorphological evaluation of six varieties of Cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] in the Zinder region (Niger)
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.main##
Abstract
Cowpea is the main food leguminous plant grown in Niger. It is mainly cultivated for its protein-rich haulms and seeds and for its ability to improve soil fertility through its symbiosis with atmospheric nitrogen-fixing bacteria. The present study evaluated genetic variability among six cowpea varieties for yield, yield related and phenology traits in the Zinder region. The experiment was conducted at the experimental area of André Salifou University in Zinder. An experimental device composed of three completely random blocks was used. The six varieties (four local and two improved) of cowpea were evaluated based on 24 quantitative agronomic and morphological characters according to IBPGR descriptors. The comparison of the means and the PCA revealed significant differences between the varieties in almost all the traits tested, with substantial phenotypic variations. IT98 was the most productive variety, with an average yield of 385.50 kg/ha. It also recorded the earliest flowering (38.41 days after sowing) and maturity (55 days after sowing) dates. BlAr gave the highest 100-Seed weight with an average value of 29.21g. CDSb and BTAr were the tallest plants at 40.44 and 40.26 cm respectively. The completed PCA indicates that the first two axes expressed 78,7% of the total variability whereby PC1 and PC2 highly contributed to the total variation at 54.76% and 23.94, respectively. Thus, IT98 may be a good candidate to be considered in Niger struggle to fight food shortage and face nutrition challenges, especially for the Zinder region due to abiotic constraints.
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.details##
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.details##
Agronomic, Evaluation, Morphological, Vigna unguiculata
Aly, D., Ahouansou, R.H., Mama, V.J., Olou, D. & Agli, C.(2017). Evaluation et sélection participative des variétés améliorées de niébé en milieu rural dans le Département de Couffo au Benin. Afr. Crop Sci. J , 25 (4), 509-520. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/acsj.v25i4.8
Coulibaly, Z., Barro, A., Tignegre, J.B., Kiebre, Z., Batieno, B.J., Dieni, Z. & Nanama, J. (2020). Évaluation des performances agronomiques de douze (12) variétés de niébé vert [Vigna unguiculata (L.) walp.] au Burkina Faso. J.Appl. Biosci. 53 (1), 15745-15755. https://doi.org/10.35759/JABs.153.2
Dagba, E. (1973). Facteurs écologiques et rendement du niébé, [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.], au Dahomey . ORSTOM .
Dagnon, Y.D., Diop, S., Bammite, D., Glato, K., Gbaguidi, A.A., Dansi, A. & Tozo, K. (2017). Variabilité agromorphologique des cultivars locaux de niébé [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] au Togo. Afr. Science. Rev. Int. Science. Technol , 13 (4), 164-177.
International Board for Plant Genetic Resources. (1983). COWPEA DESCRIPTORS. 30p
Food and Agriculture Organization. (2020). FAO Agricultural Statistics Database, http://faostat.fao.org/ (15/08/2022).
Gbaguidi, A.A., Assogba, P., Dansi, M., Yedomonhan, H. & Dansi, A. (2015). Caractérisation agro-morphologique des variétés de niébé cultivées au Bénin. Int . J. Biol. Chem , 9 (2), 1050-1066 . DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijbcs.v9i2.40
Harouna, D.V., Venkataramana, P.B., Matemu, A.O. & Ndakidemi, P.A. (2020). Agro-morphological exploration of some unexplored wild Vigna legumes for domestication. Agronomy , 10 (1), 111. Doi:10.3390/agronomy10010111
Kouassi, N.J., Koffi, A. M., N’Guettia Marie, Y.A.H., Kouakou, Y. A. J. & Yatti, K. J. (2017) Influence de la densité de semis sur les paramètres agronomiques de trois variétés de niébé (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp, Fabaceae) cultivées en Côte d’Ivoire. Afrique Science, 13(4), 327-336.
Mamadou, I. (2014). Colmatage des mares et risques environnementaux dans la ville de Zinder au Niger.. Africa Science , 11 (5), 78-98 .
Mebdoua, S. (2011). Caractérisation physico-chimique de quelques populations de niébé (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.) Doctoral thesis: Ecole Nationale Superieure Agronomique, Alger (Algeria) 83p
Ministry of Agriculture 2021. National Catalog of Plant Species and Varieties (CNEV).307p,168-198p. https://recaniger.org/IMG/pdf/catalogue_des_especes_et _varietes_niger.pdf
Mukendi, R.T., Mutamba, B.T., Kabango, D.M., Tshilumba, T.M., Mpoyi, M.B. and Munyuli T.M. (2017). Evaluation variètale de quelques génotpes de nièbé (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.) en conditions agro-écologiques de Kabinda, province de Lomami, Republique Démocratique du Congo. Africa. Science , 13 , 24-31.
Moussa, O.A., Issoufou, H.B.A., Mahamane, A., Saadou, M. & Zaman-Allah, M. (2019). Agro-morphological evaluation of three exotic maize genotypes ( Zea mays L.) in the Sahelian Context: Prospects for improving local production . International of Journal Pure and Applied Biosciences 7(2): 1-9. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18782/2320-7051.7305.
Nadjiam D., Doyam, A., N. & Bedingam, L., D. (2015) Etude de la variabilité agromorphologique de quarante-cinq cultivars locaux de niébé (Vigna unguiculata, (L.) Walp.) de la zone soudanienne du Tchad. Afrique Science 11(3), 138-151
National Network of Chamber of Agriculture, 2022. Analyse prospective de la chaine de valeur Niebe au Niger. P140
N'gbesso, F.D.P.M., Fondio, L., Dibi, B.E.K., Djidji, H.A. & Kouame, C.N. (2013). Étude des composantes du rendement de six variétés améliorées de niébé [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp]. J.Appl. Biosci., 63 (1), 4754-4762.
Ouedraogo, J.T., Sawadago, M., Tignegre, J.B., Drabo, I. & Balma, D. (2010). Caractérisation agro-morphologique et moléculaire de cultivars locaux de niébé (Vigna unguiculata L. ) du Burkina Faso. Cameroon J. Exp. Biol , 6 (1).
Oumarou, H.I., Soumana, B., Toulou, A. & Yamba, B. (2017). Evaluation des rendements en graines et fanes des variétés améliorées et locales de niébé [Vigna unguiculata (l.) Walp.] en champ école et en champ de multiplication de semences a Karma (Niger). African Agronomy , 29 (1), 19-27.
Pasquet, R. S., Echikh, N., Gepts, P. & Baudoin, J. P. (1997). La domestication du niébé, (Vigna unguiculata (L.) WALP.) Gestion des ressources génétiques des plantes en Afrique des savanes, 24–28 février 1997, Bamako (Mali), 261-270.
Rabé, M.M., Baoua, I.B., Sitou, L. & Amadou, L. (2017). Champ école paysan, une approche participative pour l’amelioration du rendement du Nièbe: Resultats d’experiences pilotes conduites dans les regions de Maradi et Zinder au Niger. African Agronomy , 29 (2), 1-9.
Sulnathi, G., Prasanthi, L. & Sekhar, M.R. (2007). Characfer contribution to diversity in cowpea. Legume Research-An International Journal, 30(1), 70-72.
Taffouo, V.D., Ndongo Din J.E., Nguelemeni, M.P., Eyambé, Y.M., Tayou, R.F. & Akoa A. (2008). Effets de la densité de semis sur la croissance, le rendement et les teneurs en composés organiques chez cinq variétés de niébé (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.). J.Appl. Biosci., 12: 623–632.
Yoka, J., Louméto, J.J., Djego, J.G., Houinato, M. & Akouango, P. (2014). Adaptation d’un cultivar de niébé (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) aux conditions pédoclimatiques de Boundji (République du Congo). Afr. Science: Inter Jour of Sci. and Technology , 10 (1).
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
This work is licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0) © Author (s)
