Effect of Aloe vera on some serum bioactive parameters in male Wistar albino rats
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Abstract
For centuries, Aloe vera has been hailed as a natural remedy with a plethora of health benefits. The present study aimed to evaluate the impact of A. vera on their haematological, biochemical, and immunological parameters. Twenty male Wistar albino rats were taken and split into two groups. Group I (Treatment Group)received a prepared aqueous A. vera extract at a concentration of 50 mg/kg of body weight for a full 30 days. Group II (Control Group) was given 0.9% normal saline as a placebo.The study found that the rats that received the A. vera extract had significantly (p<0.05) higher packed cell volume (14.8±1.08) compared to the control group (11.26±0.45). However, there were no significant changes in the levels of hemoglobin (Hb), red blood cell count (RBC),mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) concentration, white blood cells (WBC) count, platelets count, and mean corpuscular volume (MCV). The serum alanine transaminase (ALT) concentration (U/L) was significantly (p<0.05) lower in the treated group (39.54±7.74) than in the control group (77.68±6.96), while there were no significant changes in the levels of urea and creatinine compared to the control group. The plasma levels of proinflammatory markers(TNFa, IL-6, and IFNγ) showed no significant differences between both groups. Overall, A. vera showed promise as a natural remedy for improving certain aspects of health, but more research is needed to understand its effects fully.
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Keywords
Aloe vera, Bioactive factors, Haematological parameters, Immunological parameters
References
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Al-Shakarchi, W., Saber, Y., Merkhan, M. & Mustafa, Y. (2023). Acute toxicity of coumacines: an in vivo study. Georgian Medical News, (338), 126-131.
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Amber, K., Nofel, R., Ghanem, R., Sayed, S., Farag, S. A., Shukry, M., &Dawood, M. A. O. (2021). Enhancing the Growth Rate, Biochemical Blood Indices, and Antioxidative Capacity of Broilers by Including Aloe vera Gel in Drinking Water. Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 7(January), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2020.632666
Ayesha Noor, S. Gunasekaran, & M. A. Vijayalakshmi. (2017). Improvement of Insulin Secretion and Pancreatic β‑cell Function in Streptozotocin‑induced Diabetic Rats Treated with Aloe vera Extract. Pharmacognosy Research, 9(October), 24–30. https://doi.org/10.4103/pr.pr
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Kim, S. T., Pressman, P., Clemens, R. A., Moore, A., Hamilton, R.& Hayes, A. W. (2023). The absent of genotoxicity of Aloe vera beverages: A review of the literature. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 113628.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2023.113628.
dos Santos, L., Arita, L. S., Perez, J. D., Carvalho, V. M., Tashima, A. K., Cunha, T. S., ... & Arita, D. Y. (2021). Exploring the beneficial effects of Aloe vera on the kidneys of diabetic rats at the protein level. Medicine in Omics, 3, 100013.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.meomic.2022.100 013.
Ebrahim, A. A., Elnesr, S. S., Abdel-Mageed, M. A. A. & Aly, M. M. M. (2020). Nutritional significance of Aloe vera (Aloe barbadensis Miller) and its beneficial impact on poultry. World’s Poultry Science Journal, 76(4), 803–814. https://doi.org/10.1080/00439339.2020.1830010
Faisal I.M., Almukhtar H.M., &Merkhan M.M., (2019). Comparative anti-inflammatory effect of risperidone versus olanzapine in schizophrenic patients. Indian Journal of Public Health Research and Development, 10(8), 964–970.
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Guo, X., & Mei, N. (2016). Aloe vera: A review of toxicity and adverse clinical effects. Journal of Environmental Science and Health - Part C Environmental Carcinogenesis and Ecotoxicology Reviews, 34(2), 77–96. https://doi.org/10.1080/10590501.2016.1166826
Iftikhar, A., Hasan, I. J., Sarfraz, M., Jafri, L., & Ashraf, M. A. (2015). Nephroprotective effect of the leaves of Aloe barbadensis (Aloe vera) against toxicity induced by diclofenac sodium in albino rabbits. West Indian Medical Journal, 64(5), 462–467. https://doi.org /10.7727/wimj.2016.052
Im, S. A., Kim, K. H., Kim, H. S., Lee, K. H., Shin, E., Do, S. G., Jo, T. H., Park, Y. I. & Lee, C. K. (2014). Processed Aloe vera Gel ameliorates cyclophosphamide-induced immunotoxicity. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 15(11), 19342–19354. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms151119342
Ipshita, S., Kurian, I. G., Dileep, P., Kumar, S., Singh, P., & Pradeep, A. R. (2018). One percent alendronate and Aloe vera gel local host modulating agents in chronic periodontitis patients with class II furcation defects: A randomized, controlled clinical trial. Journal of Investigative and Clinical Dentistry, 9(3), e12334. https://doi.org/10.1111/jicd.12334
Khabbazi, M., Harsij, M., Hedayati, S. A. A., Gholipoor, H., Germani, M. H. & Farasani, H. G. (2014). Effect of CuO nanoparticles on some hematological indices of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss and their potential toxicity. Nanomedicine Journal, 2(1), 67–73.
Kim, K., Chung, M. H., Park, S., Cha, J., Baek, J. H., Lee, S. Y. & Choi, S. Y. (2018). ER stress attenuation by Aloe-derived polysaccharides in the protection of pancreatic β-cells from free fatty acid-induced lipotoxicity. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 500(3), 797–803. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.04.162
Kim, W., Kim, H. J., Choi, H. J. & Lee, D. S. (2010). Effect of Aloe vera on TNBS-induced colitis in rats. World Journal of Gastroenterology, 16(45), 5652–5660. https://doi.org/doi: 10.3748/wjg.v16.i45.5652
Kumar, R., Singh, A. K., Gupta, A., Bishayee, A., &Pandey, A. K. (2019). Therapeutic potential of Aloe vera—A miracle gift of nature. In Phytomedicine (Vol. 60). Elsevier GmbH. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2019.15 2 996
Lin, H., Honglang, L., Weifeng, L., Junmin, C., Jiantao, Y. & Junjing, G. (2017). The mechanism of alopolysaccharide protecting ulceralive colitis. Biomedicine and Pharmacotherapy, 88, 145–150. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bioph a.2016.11.138
Maan, A. A., Nazir, A., Khan, M. K. I., Ahmad, T., Zia, R., Murid, M. &Abrar, M. (2018). The therapeutic properties and applications of Aloe vera: A review. Journal of Herbal Medicine, 12, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hermed.2018.01.002
Martínez-Burgos, W. J., Serra, J. L., Marsiglia, R. M., Montoya, P., Sarmiento-Vásquez, Z., Marin, O., Gallego-Cartagena, E. & Paternina-Arboleda, C. D. (2022). Aloe vera: From ancient knowledge to the patent and innovation landscape – A review. South African Journal of Botany, 147, 993–1006. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.202 2.02.034
Minjares-Fuentes, R., Femenia, A., Comas-Serra, F. & Rodríguez-González, V. M. (2018). Compositional and structural features of the main bioactive polysaccharides present in the Aloe vera plant. Journal of AOAC International, 101(6), 1711–1719. https://doi.org/10.5740/jaoacint.18-0119
Naini, M. A., Zargari-Samadnejad, A., Mehrvarz, S., Tanideh, R., Ghorbani, M., Dehghanian, A., Hasanzarrini, M., Banaee, F., Koohi-Hosseinabadi, O., Tanideh, N. & Iraji, A. (2021). Anti-Inflammatory, Antioxidant, and Healing-Promoting Effects of Aloe vera Extract in the Experimental Colitis in Rats. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/9945244
Nikookalam M, Salehian Z, Mirzaee S, Ajideh R, Mahdavi M.& Yazdi M. (2019). Aloe vera extracted polysaccharides shift the immune responses of tumor bearing mice toward Th1 pattern: animal study. Biomed. J. Sci. Tech. Res.3;16:12148-56. https://doi.org/10.26717/bjstr.2019.16.002873
Nimma, V. L., Talla, H. V., Bairi, J. K., Gopaldas, M., Bathula, H. & Vangdoth, S. (2017). Holistic healing through herbs: Effectiveness of Aloe vera on post extraction socket healing. Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research 11(3), ZC83–ZC86. https://doi.org/10.7860/JCDR/ 2017/ 21331.9627
Nirala, R. K., Raj, P., Anjana, K. & Mandal, K. G. (2020). A review on Aloe vera and its traditional uses in India. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 9(5), 2571-2573.
Ofem, O. E., Ani, J. E., Archibong, A. N., & John, R. E. (2015). Effect of masfon Aloe vera gel on some blood parameters in high salt loaded rats. Der Pharmacia Lettre, 7(8), 26–34.
Rajasekaran, S., Sivagnanam, K., & Subramanian, S. (2010). Modulatory effects of Aloe vera leaf gel extract on oxidative stress in rats treated with streptozotocin . Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 57(2), 241–246. https://doi.org/10.1211/0022357055416
Saleem, A., Naureen, I., Naeem, M., Murad, H. S., Maqsood, S., &Tasleem, G. (2022). Aloe vera Gel Effect on Skin and Pharmacological Properties. Scholars International Journal of Anatomy and Physiology, 5(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.36348/sijap.2022.v05i01.001
Shediwah, F. M. H., Naji, K. M., Gumaih, H. S., Alhadi, F. A., Al-Hammami, A. L., & D’Souza, M. R. (2019). Antioxidant and antihyperlipidemic activity of Costus speciosus against atherogenic diet-induced hyperlipidemia in rabbits. Journal of Integrative Medicine, 17(3), 181–191. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joim.2019.02.002
Sinha, S., Muzamil, S., Ahmad, B., Rehman, M. U. & Quadri, A. (2017). Ameliorative effect of Aloe vera supplementation in poultry feed. Journal of Animal Research, 7(1), 85-90.https://doi.org/10.5958/2277-940X.2017.00 012.2.
Tafi, A. A., Meshkini, S., Tukmechi, A., Alishahi, M., & Noori, F. (2019). Effect of Aloe vera and Salvia officinalis extract supplemented diet on hematology, histopathology, and hypoxia resistance in rainbow trout. Iranian Journal of Veterinary Science and Technology, 11(2), 59-68+84. https://doi.org/10.22067/veterinary.v11i2.81124
Tariq, H., Rao, P. V., Mondal, B. C. & Malla, B. A. (2014). Effect of Aloe vera (Aloe barbadensis) and Clove (Syzigium aromaticum) Supplementation on immune status, haematological and serum biochemical parameters in Japanese quails. Indian Journal of Animal Nutrition, 31(3), 293-296.
Wahedi, H. M., Jeong, M., Chae, J. K., Do, S. G., Yoon, H. & Kim, S. Y. (2017). Aloesin from Aloe vera accelerates skin wound healing by modulating MAPK/Rho and Smad signaling pathways in vitro and in vivo. Phytomedicine, 28, 19–26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2017.02.005.
Abdulqader, S. W., Faisal, I. M., Saeed, M. G.& Merkhan, M. M. (2022a). Fluvoxamine Provide a Gastro-Protection Against Vitiated Insult. Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, 16(1), 1046–1052. https://doi.org/10.37506/ijfmt.v16i1.17633
Abdulqader, S. W., Faisal, I. M., Saeed, M. G. & Merkhan, M. M. (2022). Fluvoxamine suppressed oxidative stress associated with tissue erosion. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology, 15(2), 819-824. https://doi.org/10.52711/0974-360X.2022.00136
Alsadoon, L. & Abdullah, K. (2023). Comparative effect of insulin, glimepiride, and metformin on inflammatory markers in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Georgian Medical News, (335), 60-63.
Al-Shakarchi, W., Saber, Y., Merkhan, M. & Mustafa, Y. (2023). Acute toxicity of coumacines: an in vivo study. Georgian Medical News, (338), 126-131.
Al-Shakarchi, W., Saber, Y., Merkhan, M. M., & Mustafa, Y. F. (2023b). Sub Chronic Toxicity Study of Coumacines. Pharmacognosy Journal, 15(1), 160–164. https://doi.org/10.5530/pj.2023.15.23
Amber, K., Nofel, R., Ghanem, R., Sayed, S., Farag, S. A., Shukry, M., &Dawood, M. A. O. (2021). Enhancing the Growth Rate, Biochemical Blood Indices, and Antioxidative Capacity of Broilers by Including Aloe vera Gel in Drinking Water. Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 7(January), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2020.632666
Ayesha Noor, S. Gunasekaran, & M. A. Vijayalakshmi. (2017). Improvement of Insulin Secretion and Pancreatic β‑cell Function in Streptozotocin‑induced Diabetic Rats Treated with Aloe vera Extract. Pharmacognosy Research, 9(October), 24–30. https://doi.org/10.4103/pr.pr
Bahmani, M., Shahinfard, N., Fasihzadeh, S., Mirhosseini, M. & Rafieian-Kopaei. (2016). Aloe vera: An update on its phytomedicinal, pharmaceutical and therapeutic properties. Der Pharmacia Lettre, 8(1), 206–213.
Kim, S. T., Pressman, P., Clemens, R. A., Moore, A., Hamilton, R.& Hayes, A. W. (2023). The absent of genotoxicity of Aloe vera beverages: A review of the literature. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 113628.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2023.113628.
dos Santos, L., Arita, L. S., Perez, J. D., Carvalho, V. M., Tashima, A. K., Cunha, T. S., ... & Arita, D. Y. (2021). Exploring the beneficial effects of Aloe vera on the kidneys of diabetic rats at the protein level. Medicine in Omics, 3, 100013.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.meomic.2022.100 013.
Ebrahim, A. A., Elnesr, S. S., Abdel-Mageed, M. A. A. & Aly, M. M. M. (2020). Nutritional significance of Aloe vera (Aloe barbadensis Miller) and its beneficial impact on poultry. World’s Poultry Science Journal, 76(4), 803–814. https://doi.org/10.1080/00439339.2020.1830010
Faisal I.M., Almukhtar H.M., &Merkhan M.M., (2019). Comparative anti-inflammatory effect of risperidone versus olanzapine in schizophrenic patients. Indian Journal of Public Health Research and Development, 10(8), 964–970.
Fallah R. Global Journal of Animal Scientific Research. Global Journal of Animal Scientific Research. 2015;3(1):136-41.
Guo, X., & Mei, N. (2016). Aloe vera: A review of toxicity and adverse clinical effects. Journal of Environmental Science and Health - Part C Environmental Carcinogenesis and Ecotoxicology Reviews, 34(2), 77–96. https://doi.org/10.1080/10590501.2016.1166826
Iftikhar, A., Hasan, I. J., Sarfraz, M., Jafri, L., & Ashraf, M. A. (2015). Nephroprotective effect of the leaves of Aloe barbadensis (Aloe vera) against toxicity induced by diclofenac sodium in albino rabbits. West Indian Medical Journal, 64(5), 462–467. https://doi.org /10.7727/wimj.2016.052
Im, S. A., Kim, K. H., Kim, H. S., Lee, K. H., Shin, E., Do, S. G., Jo, T. H., Park, Y. I. & Lee, C. K. (2014). Processed Aloe vera Gel ameliorates cyclophosphamide-induced immunotoxicity. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 15(11), 19342–19354. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms151119342
Ipshita, S., Kurian, I. G., Dileep, P., Kumar, S., Singh, P., & Pradeep, A. R. (2018). One percent alendronate and Aloe vera gel local host modulating agents in chronic periodontitis patients with class II furcation defects: A randomized, controlled clinical trial. Journal of Investigative and Clinical Dentistry, 9(3), e12334. https://doi.org/10.1111/jicd.12334
Khabbazi, M., Harsij, M., Hedayati, S. A. A., Gholipoor, H., Germani, M. H. & Farasani, H. G. (2014). Effect of CuO nanoparticles on some hematological indices of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss and their potential toxicity. Nanomedicine Journal, 2(1), 67–73.
Kim, K., Chung, M. H., Park, S., Cha, J., Baek, J. H., Lee, S. Y. & Choi, S. Y. (2018). ER stress attenuation by Aloe-derived polysaccharides in the protection of pancreatic β-cells from free fatty acid-induced lipotoxicity. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 500(3), 797–803. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.04.162
Kim, W., Kim, H. J., Choi, H. J. & Lee, D. S. (2010). Effect of Aloe vera on TNBS-induced colitis in rats. World Journal of Gastroenterology, 16(45), 5652–5660. https://doi.org/doi: 10.3748/wjg.v16.i45.5652
Kumar, R., Singh, A. K., Gupta, A., Bishayee, A., &Pandey, A. K. (2019). Therapeutic potential of Aloe vera—A miracle gift of nature. In Phytomedicine (Vol. 60). Elsevier GmbH. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2019.15 2 996
Lin, H., Honglang, L., Weifeng, L., Junmin, C., Jiantao, Y. & Junjing, G. (2017). The mechanism of alopolysaccharide protecting ulceralive colitis. Biomedicine and Pharmacotherapy, 88, 145–150. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bioph a.2016.11.138
Maan, A. A., Nazir, A., Khan, M. K. I., Ahmad, T., Zia, R., Murid, M. &Abrar, M. (2018). The therapeutic properties and applications of Aloe vera: A review. Journal of Herbal Medicine, 12, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hermed.2018.01.002
Martínez-Burgos, W. J., Serra, J. L., Marsiglia, R. M., Montoya, P., Sarmiento-Vásquez, Z., Marin, O., Gallego-Cartagena, E. & Paternina-Arboleda, C. D. (2022). Aloe vera: From ancient knowledge to the patent and innovation landscape – A review. South African Journal of Botany, 147, 993–1006. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.202 2.02.034
Minjares-Fuentes, R., Femenia, A., Comas-Serra, F. & Rodríguez-González, V. M. (2018). Compositional and structural features of the main bioactive polysaccharides present in the Aloe vera plant. Journal of AOAC International, 101(6), 1711–1719. https://doi.org/10.5740/jaoacint.18-0119
Naini, M. A., Zargari-Samadnejad, A., Mehrvarz, S., Tanideh, R., Ghorbani, M., Dehghanian, A., Hasanzarrini, M., Banaee, F., Koohi-Hosseinabadi, O., Tanideh, N. & Iraji, A. (2021). Anti-Inflammatory, Antioxidant, and Healing-Promoting Effects of Aloe vera Extract in the Experimental Colitis in Rats. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/9945244
Nikookalam M, Salehian Z, Mirzaee S, Ajideh R, Mahdavi M.& Yazdi M. (2019). Aloe vera extracted polysaccharides shift the immune responses of tumor bearing mice toward Th1 pattern: animal study. Biomed. J. Sci. Tech. Res.3;16:12148-56. https://doi.org/10.26717/bjstr.2019.16.002873
Nimma, V. L., Talla, H. V., Bairi, J. K., Gopaldas, M., Bathula, H. & Vangdoth, S. (2017). Holistic healing through herbs: Effectiveness of Aloe vera on post extraction socket healing. Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research 11(3), ZC83–ZC86. https://doi.org/10.7860/JCDR/ 2017/ 21331.9627
Nirala, R. K., Raj, P., Anjana, K. & Mandal, K. G. (2020). A review on Aloe vera and its traditional uses in India. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 9(5), 2571-2573.
Ofem, O. E., Ani, J. E., Archibong, A. N., & John, R. E. (2015). Effect of masfon Aloe vera gel on some blood parameters in high salt loaded rats. Der Pharmacia Lettre, 7(8), 26–34.
Rajasekaran, S., Sivagnanam, K., & Subramanian, S. (2010). Modulatory effects of Aloe vera leaf gel extract on oxidative stress in rats treated with streptozotocin . Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 57(2), 241–246. https://doi.org/10.1211/0022357055416
Saleem, A., Naureen, I., Naeem, M., Murad, H. S., Maqsood, S., &Tasleem, G. (2022). Aloe vera Gel Effect on Skin and Pharmacological Properties. Scholars International Journal of Anatomy and Physiology, 5(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.36348/sijap.2022.v05i01.001
Shediwah, F. M. H., Naji, K. M., Gumaih, H. S., Alhadi, F. A., Al-Hammami, A. L., & D’Souza, M. R. (2019). Antioxidant and antihyperlipidemic activity of Costus speciosus against atherogenic diet-induced hyperlipidemia in rabbits. Journal of Integrative Medicine, 17(3), 181–191. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joim.2019.02.002
Sinha, S., Muzamil, S., Ahmad, B., Rehman, M. U. & Quadri, A. (2017). Ameliorative effect of Aloe vera supplementation in poultry feed. Journal of Animal Research, 7(1), 85-90.https://doi.org/10.5958/2277-940X.2017.00 012.2.
Tafi, A. A., Meshkini, S., Tukmechi, A., Alishahi, M., & Noori, F. (2019). Effect of Aloe vera and Salvia officinalis extract supplemented diet on hematology, histopathology, and hypoxia resistance in rainbow trout. Iranian Journal of Veterinary Science and Technology, 11(2), 59-68+84. https://doi.org/10.22067/veterinary.v11i2.81124
Tariq, H., Rao, P. V., Mondal, B. C. & Malla, B. A. (2014). Effect of Aloe vera (Aloe barbadensis) and Clove (Syzigium aromaticum) Supplementation on immune status, haematological and serum biochemical parameters in Japanese quails. Indian Journal of Animal Nutrition, 31(3), 293-296.
Wahedi, H. M., Jeong, M., Chae, J. K., Do, S. G., Yoon, H. & Kim, S. Y. (2017). Aloesin from Aloe vera accelerates skin wound healing by modulating MAPK/Rho and Smad signaling pathways in vitro and in vivo. Phytomedicine, 28, 19–26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2017.02.005.
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Effect of Aloe vera on some serum bioactive parameters in male Wistar albino rats. (2023). Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 15(4), 1392-1397. https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v15i4.4871
