Spatial and seasonal fluctuations of Ichthyoplankton assemblage in the Mediterranean coast of Morocco (Southwestern Alboran Sea)
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Abstract
Ichthyoplankton represent the first life stages of fish. The study of ichthyoplankton is crucial to understanding marine ecosystems and plays an important role in the management and durability of fisheries resources. During March and October of 2019, two oceanographic ichthyoplankton surveys were conducted in the Mediterranean Sea of Morocco from Tanger to Saadia by studying the horizontal structure of the ichthyoplankton species assemblage and its relation to environmental parameters. The average surface water temperature was (15.8°C in spring and 16.4°C in autumn). The fish eggs and larvae were more abundant in March than in October (21268 eggs/10m² and 14084 larvae/10m² in spring and 10094 eggs/10m² and 13796 larvae/10m²). In both seasons, fish eggs from the families Sternoptychidae and Sparidae were dominant (10101 eggs/10m² and 7527 eggs/10m² in spring and 4422 eggs/10m² and 3928 eggs/10m² in fall, respectively). However, Myctophidae larvae were the most abundant in the study area, reaching 7601 larvae/10m² in spring and 11021 larvae/10m² in autumn. The environmental parameters: temperature, salinity and chlorophyll-a (surface) seem to directly influence the spatial distribution of ichtyoplancton. On the other hand, it seems that predation by jellyfish (Pelagia noctiluca)was a very important factor that added to the factors that influenced the distribution of the species of fish eggs and larvae. This work represents the first survey conducted in the southwestern Alboran Sea, which studies the horizontal structure of the ichthyoplankton species assemblage and its relation to environmental factors in the spring and autumn of 2019.
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Keywords
Distribution, Environmental parameters, Ichthyoplankton, Marine ecosystems, Mediterranean Sea, Pelagia noctiluca
References
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Arkhipov, A. G. & Pak, R. A. (2019). Number dynamics of mass ichthyoplankton species in the waters of Morocco. Journal of Ichthyology, 59(3): 344‑51. https://doi.org/10.1134/S0032945219020012.
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Badú, M. L. A., Lima, C. S. S. & Pessanha, A. L. M. (2022). Environmental influences on the ichthyoplankton in hypersaline estuaries located in a Semiarid Northeastern Brazilian coast. Neotropical Ichthyology, 20. https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-0224-2021-0081.
Bailey, K. M. & Houde, E.D.( 1989). Predation on eggs and larvae of marine fishes and the recruitment problem. Advances in Marine Biology, 25:1-83. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2881(08)60187-X.
Berraho, A., Abdelouahab, H., Charib, S., Essarraj, S., Larissi, J., Abdellaoui, B. &Christou, E.D. (2016).Copepod Community along the Mediterranean coast of Morocco (Southwestern Alboran Sea) during spring. Mediterranean Marine Science,1 (3):661.https://doi.org/10.12681/mms.1733.
Berraho, A., Ettahiri, O., Letourneur, Y., Orbi, A. & Yahyaoui, A. (2005).Importance of hydrological parameters in egg and larva distribution of small pelagic fishes in the southern Moroccan Atlantic, International Journal of Ichthyology, 29(1),21-31.
Blabolil, P., Tomáš, J., Martin, Č., & Jiří, P. (2023).High mobility and flexibility in the habitat use of early juvenile pikeperch (Sander lucioperca) based on a mark-recapture experiment, Diversity 15, no. 6, 720.https://doi.org/10.3 390/d15060720.
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Brothers, E.,Williams, D. M.&Sale, P. (1983). Length of larval life in twelve families of fishes at one tree lagoon, great barrier reef, Australia Marine Biology, 76 (3), 319-24. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00393035.
Canepa, A., Fuentes, V. L., Sabatés, A., Piraino, S., Boero, F., & Gili, J.M. (2014). Pelagia noctiluca in the Mediterranean sea. In K.A. Pitt & C.H. Lucas (Eds), Jellyfish blooms SE11. Springer Netherlands (237–266). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7015-7.
Brotz, L. & Daniel, P. (2012). Jellyfish Populations in the Mediterranean Sea. Acta Adriatica. 53(2), 211 - 230.
Coombs, J. T. & Christopher, M. M. F. (2003).Isolation and identification of actinobacteria from surface-sterilized wheat roots. Applied and Environmental Microbiology,69(9), 5603-8. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.69.9.5603-56 08.2003.
Costalago, D., Navarro, J., Álvarez. C. I. & Palomera, I. (2012).Ontogenetic and seasonal changes in the feeding habits and trophic levels of two small pelagic fish species. Marine Ecology Progress, 460, 169-81. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps09751.
Cushing, D. H. (1974). The possible density-dependence of larval mortality and adult mortality in fishes. Early Life History of Fish, 103-11. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-65852-5_8.
Diouri, L., Soukri, A., Abdelouhab, H., Malki, M. &Baibai, T. (2020). The Moroccan Ichtyoplankton. A General Overview. Annual Research & Review in Biology, August, 89–94. https://doi.org/10.9734/arrb/2020/v35i830263.
Diouri, L., Uwiringiyeyezu, T., Abdelouahab, H., Mlaki, M., Baibai, T. & Soukri, A. (2021) Comparison and validation of ichthyoplankton DNA extraction methods. Methods and Protocols, 4 (4), 87.https://doi.org/10.3390/mps4040087.
Engelhard, G H., Righton, D. A. & Pinnegar, J. K. (2014). Climate change and fishing: a century of shifting distribution in north sea Cod. Global Change Biology, 20 (8), 2473‑83. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.12513.
Gonzalez, A., Germain, R. M., Srivastava, D. S., Filotas, E., Dee, L., Gravel, D. & Thompson, P. L. (2020). Scaling‑up biodiversity-ecosystem functioning research. édité par Ulrich Brose. Ecology Letters, 23 (4), 757‑76.https://doi.org/10.1111/ele.13456.
Graham, W. M., Martin, D. L., Felder, D. L, Asper, V. & Perry, H. (2003). Ecological and economic implications of a tropical jellyfish invader in the gulf of Mexico.Marine Bioinvasions:Patterns, Processes And Perspectives,53–69. Dordrecht: Springer netherlands.https://doi.org/10.10 07/978-94-010-0169-4_6.
Hinrichsen, H, Piatkowski, U &Cornelia, J. (2022). Sightings of extraordinary marine species in the SW Baltic sea linked to saline water inflows. Journal of Sea Research, 181, 102175. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seares.202 2.10 2175.
Houde, E. D. (2008). Emerging from hjort’s shadow. Journal of Northwest Atlantic Fishery Science, 41, 53‑70. https://doi.org/10.2960/J.v41.m634.
Idmoussi, H., Somoue, L., Peters, F., Demarcq, H., Laabir, M., Estrada, M. &Arin, L. Patterns of microphytoplankton biomass and diversity in the southern Alboran Sea. (2021). Mediterranean Marine Science. https://doi.org/10.12681/mms.27555.
Kazi, A. F., Hitier, S., Sabatier, R. & Lebreton, J. D. (1995). Refined approximations to permutation tests for multivariate inference. Computational Statistics & Data Analysis, 20 (6), 643-56. https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-9473(94)00064-2.
Lafuente, G. J., Natalio, C. N., Vargas, M., Rubı́n, J. & Hernández, G. A. (1998). Evolution of the Alboran sea hydrographic structures during July 1993. Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers, 45 (1), 39‑65. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0967- 0637(97)00216-1.
Lasram, F., Guilhaumon, F., Albouy, C., Somot, S., Thuiller, W. & Mouillot, D. (2010). The Mediterranean sea as a ‘cul-de-sac’ for endemic fishes facing climate change: A marine endemic hotspot under threat. Global Change Biology, 16 (12), 3233-45. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02224.x.
Lima, L. G., Brito, G. J. S., & Pessanha, A. L. M. (2022). Effects of environmental factors on ichthyoplankton in a permanently open estuary under the influence of a semi-arid climate, north-eastern Brazil. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 102(3-4), 266-275. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315422000467.
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Spatial and seasonal fluctuations of Ichthyoplankton assemblage in the Mediterranean coast of Morocco (Southwestern Alboran Sea). (2023). Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 15(3), 890-899. https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v15i3.4508
