Assessing spatial variability of soil and drawing location-specific management zones for coastal saline soils in Ramanathapuram District, Tamil Nadu
Article Main
Abstract
The production of crops in saline and alkali-degraded areas is difficult due to the heterogeneous and spatial variation of soil fertility. First, their spatial variability was analyzed and maps of the spatial distribution were created using Geostatistical techniques. The fuzzy k-mean clustering analysis was then used to define Management zones in the coastal saline soils of Ramanathapuram district in Tamil Nadu. One hundred and fifty geo-referenced soil samples (30 cm depth) were taken and analyzed for pH, electrical conductivity (ECe) in the saturated paste extract (USSL method), organic carbon (OC) (Walkley-Black chromic acid wet oxidation method), calcium carbonate (CaCO3) (Rapid titration method) and available phosphorus and extractable micronutrients (Multinutrients extraction method), revealing significant variation in soil characteristics throughout the coastal saline soils of Ramanathapuram district. The most significant factors, which together accounted for four principal components and 69% of the overall variability, were pH, electrical conductivity (ECe), calcium Carbonate and available zinc. According to Geostatistical analysis, the Exponential (pH, OC (organic carbon), P, Fe, Mn and Zn) and Stable (ECe) was the best fit semivariogram ordinary kriging model with weak to moderate spatial dependence. Fuzzy k-mean clustering was also used to identify zone 1, zone 2 and zone 3. For every soil property, there was a significant difference between MZ1(zone 1), MZ2(zone 2) and MZ3(zone 3). These results also showed that cluster analysis gave farmers a chance to use location-specific nutrient management strategies by minimizing variability within the zone. The management zones can decrease agricultural inputs and environmental pollutants while increasing crop productivity.
Article Details
Article Details
Keywords
Fuzzy clustering, Geostatistics, Kriging, Management zones, Principal component analysis
References
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Malathi, P. & Stalin, P. (2018). Evaluation of AB-DTPA extractant for multinutrients extraction in soils. Int. J. Curr. Microbiol. App. Sci. 7(3), 1192-1205. https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2018.703.141.
Meena, M.D., Narjary, B., Sheoran, P., Jat, H.S., Joshi, P.K., Chinchmalatpure, A.R., Yadav, G., Yadav, R.K. & Meena, M.K. (2018). Changes of phosphorus fractions in saline soil amended with municipal solid waste compost and mineral fertilizers in a mustard-pearl millet cropping system. Catena 160, 32–40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2017.09.002.
Moharana, P.C., Singh, R.S., Singh, S.K., Tailor, B.K., Jena, R.K. & Meena, M.D. (2019). Development of secondary salinity and salt migration in the irrigated landscape of hot arid India. Environ. Earth Sci. 78 (15), 454. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-019-8460-4.
Moharana, P.C., Jena, R.K., Pradhan, U.K., Nogiya, M., Tailor, B.L., Singh, R.S. & Singh, S. K. (2020). Geostatistical and fuzzy clustering approach for delineation of site-specific management zones and yield-limiting factors in irrigated hot arid environment of India. Precis. Agric. 21 (2), 426–448. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11119-019-09671-9.
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Schepers, A., Shanahan, J.F., Liebig, M.A., Schepers, J.S., Johnson, S. & Luchiari, A. (2004). Delineation of management zones that characterize spatial variability of soil properties and corn yields across years. Agro J., 96,195–203. https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2004.0195.
Sharma, D.K., Thimmappa, K., Chinchmalatpure, A.R., Mandal, A.K., Yadav, R.K., Chaudhari, S.K., Kumar, S. & Sikka, A.K. (2015). Assessment of Production and Monetary Losses from Salt Affected Soils in India. Technical Bulletin, ICAR-CSSRI, Karnal, India, pp. 1–99.
Sheoran, P., Basak, N., Kumar, A., Yadav, R.K., Singh, R., Sharma, R., Kumar, S., Singh, R.K. & Sharma, P.C. (2021). Ameliorants and salt tolerant varieties improve rice-wheat production in soils undergoing sodification with alkali water irrigation in Indo–Gangetic Plains of India. Agric. Water Manag. 243, 106492. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2020.106492.
Shukla, A.K., Sinha, N.K., Tiwari, P.K., Prakash, C., Behera, S.K., Lenka, N.K., Singh, V.K., Dwivedi, B.S., Majumdar, K. & Kumar, A. (2017). Spatial distribution and management zones for sulphur and micronutrients in shiwalik Himalayan region of India. Land Degrad Develop., 28, 959–969. https://doi.org/10.1002/ldr.2673.
Singh, C., Tiwari, S., Gupta, V.K. & Singh, J.S. (2018). The effect of rice husk biochar on soil nutrient status, microbial biomass and paddy productivity of nutrient poor agriculture soils. Catena 171, 485–493. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. catena.2018.07.042.
Singh, R.K., Singh, A. & Sharma, P.C. (2019). Successful Adaptations in Salt Affected Agroecosystems of India. ICAR-Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal 132001, Haryana, India.
Sundha, P., Basak, N., Rai, A.K., Yadav, R.K., Sharma, P.C. & Sharma, D.K. (2020). Can conjunctive use of gypsum, city waste composts and marginal quality water rehabilitate saline-sodic soils? Soil Tillage Res. 200, 104608. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.still.2020.104608.
Tola, E., Al-Gaadi, K.A., Madugundu, R., Zeyada, A.M., Kayad, A.G. & Biradar, C.M. (2017). Characterization of spatial variability of soil physicochemical properties and its impact on Rhodes grass productivity. Saudi J. Biol. Sci. 24 (2), 421–429. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2016.04.013.
USSL (1954). In: Richards, L.A.(Ed.), Diagnosis and Improvement of Saline and Alkali Soils. USDA Handbook, Washington, DC, pp.60.
Vasu, D., Singh, S.K., Sahu, N., Tiwary, P., Chandran, P., Duraisami, V.P., Ramamurthy, V., Lalitha, M. & Kalaiselvi, B. (2017). Assessment of spatial variability of soil properties using geospatial techniques for farm level nutrient management. Soil Tillage Res. 169, 25–34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2017.01.006.
Wang, X.Z., Liu, G.S., Hu, H.C., Wang, Z.H., Liu, Q.H., Liu, X.F., Hao, W.H. & Li, Y.T. (2009). Determination of management zones for a tobacco field based on soil fertility. Comput. Electron. Agr. 65,168–175. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compag.2008.08.008.
Wang, D.D., Shi, X.Z., Wang, H.J., Weindorf, D., Yu, D.S., Sun, W.X., Ren, H.Y. & Zhao, Y. C. (2010). Scale effect of climate and soil texture on soil organic carbon in the uplands of Northeast China. Pedosphere 20, 525–535. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1002-0160(10)60042-2.
Wilding, L.P. (1985) Spatial Variability: Its Documentation, Accommodation and Implication to Soil Surveys. Soil Spatial Variability Proceedings of a Workshop of the ISSS and the SSA, Las Vegas, 30 November-1 December 1984, 166-187.
Yao, R.J., Yang, J.S., Zhang, T.J., Gao, P., Wang, X.P., Hong, L.Z., et al. 2014. Determination of site-specific management zones using soil physico-chemical properties and crop yields in coastal reclaimed farmland. Geoderma 232-234:381-393.
Yadav, J.S.P. (2003). Managing soil health for sustained high productivity. J. Indian Soc. Soil Sci. 51, 448-465.
Zhao, G., Mu, X., Wen, Z., Wang, F. & Gao. P. (2013). Soil erosion, conservation, and eco-environment changes in the Loess Plateau of China. Land Degrad. Develop. 24, 499–510. https://doi.org/10.1002/ldr.2246.
Brown, D.G. (1998). Classification and boundary vagueness in mapping resettlements forest types. Inter. J. Geographical Inform. Sci., 12,105–129. https://doi.org/10.1080/136588198241914.
Bhunia, G.S., Shit, P.K. & Chattopadhyay, R. (2018). Assessment of spatial variability of soil properties using geostatistical approach of lateritic soil (West Bengal, India). Ann. Agric. Sci. 16, 436–443. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aasci.2018.06.003.
Cambardella, C.A., Moorman, T.B., Novak, J.M., Parkin, T.B., Turco, R.F. & Konopka, A.E. (1994). Field- scale variability of soil properties in central Iowa soils. Soil Sci Soc Am J., 58, 1501–1511. https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1994.03615995005800050033x.
Choudhary, O.P., Ghuman, B.S., Singh, B., Thuy, N. & Buresh, R.J. (2011). Effects of long-term use of sodic water irrigation, amendments and crop residues on soil properties and crop yields in rice-wheat cropping system in a calcareous soil. Field Crop. Res. 121, 363–372. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2011.01.004.
Fu, W., Tunney, H. & Zhang, C. (2010). Spatial variation of soil nutrients in a dairy farm and its implications for site-specific fertilizer application. Soil Tillage Res. 106, 185–193.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2009.12.001.
Jalota, S.K., Jain, A.K. & Vashisht, B.B. (2018). Minimize water deficit in wheat crop to ameliorate groundwater decline in rice-wheat cropping system. Agric. Water Manag. 208, 261–267. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2018.0 6.0 20
Krige, D.G. (1981). A review of the practical gains from applications of geostatistics to South African ore valuation. In Future trends in Geomathematics. London: Pion Ltd.,
Mahmoodifard, Z., Nazemi, A.H., Sadraddini, S.A. & Shahbazi, F. (2014). Assessment of spatial and temporal distribution of groundwater salinity and alkalinity using ordinary Kriging: case study: Ardabil Plain Aquifer. Agric. Sci. Dev. 3, 244–250.
Malathi, P. & Stalin, P. (2018). Evaluation of AB-DTPA extractant for multinutrients extraction in soils. Int. J. Curr. Microbiol. App. Sci. 7(3), 1192-1205. https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2018.703.141.
Meena, M.D., Narjary, B., Sheoran, P., Jat, H.S., Joshi, P.K., Chinchmalatpure, A.R., Yadav, G., Yadav, R.K. & Meena, M.K. (2018). Changes of phosphorus fractions in saline soil amended with municipal solid waste compost and mineral fertilizers in a mustard-pearl millet cropping system. Catena 160, 32–40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2017.09.002.
Moharana, P.C., Singh, R.S., Singh, S.K., Tailor, B.K., Jena, R.K. & Meena, M.D. (2019). Development of secondary salinity and salt migration in the irrigated landscape of hot arid India. Environ. Earth Sci. 78 (15), 454. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-019-8460-4.
Moharana, P.C., Jena, R.K., Pradhan, U.K., Nogiya, M., Tailor, B.L., Singh, R.S. & Singh, S. K. (2020). Geostatistical and fuzzy clustering approach for delineation of site-specific management zones and yield-limiting factors in irrigated hot arid environment of India. Precis. Agric. 21 (2), 426–448. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11119-019-09671-9.
Nawar, S., Corstanje, R., Halcro, G., Mulla, D. & Mouazen, A.M. (2017). Delineation of soil management zones for variable-rate fertilization: a review. Adv. Agron. 143, 175–245. https://doi.org/10.1016/BS.AGRON.2017.0 1.0 03.
Piper, C.S. (1966). Soil and Plant Analysis, Hans Publishers, Bombay.
Qadir, M., Oster, J.D., Schubert, S., Noble, A.D. & Sahrawat, K.L. (2007). Phytoremediation of sodic and saline-sodic soils. Adv. Agron. 96, 197–247. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2113(07)96006-X.
Schepers, A., Shanahan, J.F., Liebig, M.A., Schepers, J.S., Johnson, S. & Luchiari, A. (2004). Delineation of management zones that characterize spatial variability of soil properties and corn yields across years. Agro J., 96,195–203. https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2004.0195.
Sharma, D.K., Thimmappa, K., Chinchmalatpure, A.R., Mandal, A.K., Yadav, R.K., Chaudhari, S.K., Kumar, S. & Sikka, A.K. (2015). Assessment of Production and Monetary Losses from Salt Affected Soils in India. Technical Bulletin, ICAR-CSSRI, Karnal, India, pp. 1–99.
Sheoran, P., Basak, N., Kumar, A., Yadav, R.K., Singh, R., Sharma, R., Kumar, S., Singh, R.K. & Sharma, P.C. (2021). Ameliorants and salt tolerant varieties improve rice-wheat production in soils undergoing sodification with alkali water irrigation in Indo–Gangetic Plains of India. Agric. Water Manag. 243, 106492. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2020.106492.
Shukla, A.K., Sinha, N.K., Tiwari, P.K., Prakash, C., Behera, S.K., Lenka, N.K., Singh, V.K., Dwivedi, B.S., Majumdar, K. & Kumar, A. (2017). Spatial distribution and management zones for sulphur and micronutrients in shiwalik Himalayan region of India. Land Degrad Develop., 28, 959–969. https://doi.org/10.1002/ldr.2673.
Singh, C., Tiwari, S., Gupta, V.K. & Singh, J.S. (2018). The effect of rice husk biochar on soil nutrient status, microbial biomass and paddy productivity of nutrient poor agriculture soils. Catena 171, 485–493. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. catena.2018.07.042.
Singh, R.K., Singh, A. & Sharma, P.C. (2019). Successful Adaptations in Salt Affected Agroecosystems of India. ICAR-Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal 132001, Haryana, India.
Sundha, P., Basak, N., Rai, A.K., Yadav, R.K., Sharma, P.C. & Sharma, D.K. (2020). Can conjunctive use of gypsum, city waste composts and marginal quality water rehabilitate saline-sodic soils? Soil Tillage Res. 200, 104608. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.still.2020.104608.
Tola, E., Al-Gaadi, K.A., Madugundu, R., Zeyada, A.M., Kayad, A.G. & Biradar, C.M. (2017). Characterization of spatial variability of soil physicochemical properties and its impact on Rhodes grass productivity. Saudi J. Biol. Sci. 24 (2), 421–429. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2016.04.013.
USSL (1954). In: Richards, L.A.(Ed.), Diagnosis and Improvement of Saline and Alkali Soils. USDA Handbook, Washington, DC, pp.60.
Vasu, D., Singh, S.K., Sahu, N., Tiwary, P., Chandran, P., Duraisami, V.P., Ramamurthy, V., Lalitha, M. & Kalaiselvi, B. (2017). Assessment of spatial variability of soil properties using geospatial techniques for farm level nutrient management. Soil Tillage Res. 169, 25–34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2017.01.006.
Wang, X.Z., Liu, G.S., Hu, H.C., Wang, Z.H., Liu, Q.H., Liu, X.F., Hao, W.H. & Li, Y.T. (2009). Determination of management zones for a tobacco field based on soil fertility. Comput. Electron. Agr. 65,168–175. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compag.2008.08.008.
Wang, D.D., Shi, X.Z., Wang, H.J., Weindorf, D., Yu, D.S., Sun, W.X., Ren, H.Y. & Zhao, Y. C. (2010). Scale effect of climate and soil texture on soil organic carbon in the uplands of Northeast China. Pedosphere 20, 525–535. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1002-0160(10)60042-2.
Wilding, L.P. (1985) Spatial Variability: Its Documentation, Accommodation and Implication to Soil Surveys. Soil Spatial Variability Proceedings of a Workshop of the ISSS and the SSA, Las Vegas, 30 November-1 December 1984, 166-187.
Yao, R.J., Yang, J.S., Zhang, T.J., Gao, P., Wang, X.P., Hong, L.Z., et al. 2014. Determination of site-specific management zones using soil physico-chemical properties and crop yields in coastal reclaimed farmland. Geoderma 232-234:381-393.
Yadav, J.S.P. (2003). Managing soil health for sustained high productivity. J. Indian Soc. Soil Sci. 51, 448-465.
Zhao, G., Mu, X., Wen, Z., Wang, F. & Gao. P. (2013). Soil erosion, conservation, and eco-environment changes in the Loess Plateau of China. Land Degrad. Develop. 24, 499–510. https://doi.org/10.1002/ldr.2246.
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Assessing spatial variability of soil and drawing location-specific management zones for coastal saline soils in Ramanathapuram District, Tamil Nadu . (2023). Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 15(1), 242-251. https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v15i1.4223
